Cookbook:Chicken

Chicken
Chicken
Category	Meat and poultry

Chicken is a type of poultry meat.

Characteristics

Overall, chicken meat is quite mild compared to other meats. It can be broadly divided into dark and white meats;^[1] dark meat has more fat and myoglobin and is overall more flavorful, while white meat are leaner and much milder.^[2]^[3] As a chicken gets older, the lower breastbone ossifies, making its stiffness a way to measure the age of the bird.^[3]

Varieties

While there are different breeds of chicken, the varieties in cooking are primarily distinguished by age/size, as well as by sex in some cases.^[4]

Poussin: small and/or very young; less than 1 pound (450 g).^[1]^[4]^[5]
Broiler/fryer: young; about 7 weeks old; 2½–4½ pounds (1–2 kg); tender and leaner meat.^[1]
Rock Cornish game hen: young and small broiler/fryer; 1–2 pounds (0.5–1 kg).^[1]^[4]
Roaster: mid-age; 3–5 months old; 5–7 pounds (2.25–3.25 kg); tender meat.^[1]
Capon: castrated male; 4–8 months old; 4–7 pounds (1.75–3.25 kg); tender, light meat with relatively high fat.^[1]
Stewing/baking hen: mature female; 10–18 months old; tougher but more flavorful meat.^[1]
Cock/rooster: a mature male chicken with coarse skin and tough, dark meat.

Cuts

Chickens may be used in their entirety, or they may be broken down into the following main cuts and sub-cuts.

Breast

Chicken breast is considered white meat and is generally lean and somewhat dry. It can be subdivided into the following:

Breast: Large section of muscle from the chest of the bird; often sold boneless
Tenderloin: Sections between the breast and ribs

Wing

The wing is another type of white meat, and it is often eaten as a snack food. It consists of the following:

Drumette: Upper part of the wing
Flat or wingette: Middle part of the wing
Tip: Very end of the wing; rarely eaten on its own

Leg

The leg is considered dark meat and is less lean than white meat. It may be sold whole, but it may also be separated into the following:

Thigh: Upper part of the leg
Drumstick: Lower part of the leg

Other

Giblets (including heart, liver, gizzard)
Head
Feet
Neck
Kidneys
Intestines
Lungs

Selection and storage

The best source for chicken is a reputable butcher or market, and ideally one who can tell you how the chicken was raised, slaughtered, and processed. Whole plucked and cleaned chickens are common and cheapest per-pound, but packages of specific cuts are also widely available.

If you can smell the meat, it should be fresh, with no hint of spoilage or off odors. Unless it has just been slaughtered, the meat should be cold to the touch and have no significant discoloration. Air-chilled chicken will have less retained fluid than water-chilled. It's a good idea to make sure the raw meat is well-segregated from any food that may be eaten raw in order to avoid cross-contamination. Avoid leaving the chicken at room temperature for prolonged periods. Store fresh chicken in the refrigerator, and use it within a few days. For prolonged storage, it can be well wrapped in plastic and frozen—it will technically be safe indefinitely, though it can become freezer-burned after several months.

When purchasing fully cooked rotisserie or fast food chicken, be sure it is hot at time of purchase. Use it within a couple hours, or cut it into pieces and refrigerate/freeze it. Eat within 3–4 days.

Safety

As on any perishable meat, fish, or poultry, bacteria can be found on raw or undercooked chicken—one common contaminant of raw chicken is Salmonella. These must be destroyed by thorough cooking of any food to 71 °C (160 °F). Make sure to defrost chicken safely, as you would any other raw meat.

Use

As an overall mild-tasting meat, chicken is suited for a range of preparations. Generally the method of cooking is determined by the tenderness of the chicken and its cut. Younger varieties (see above) can be quickly fried or broiled, mid-age roasters and capons are good roasted, and older and tougher varieties must be slow- and moist-cooked in order to tenderize the meat.^[1]^[4] Breast meat is good for cutlets as well as slivered and stir-fried, and the legs are good when baked/roasted.^[6] The carcass, neck, and feet are excellent for use when making chicken stock.