Dutch/Example 15

Joost van den Vondel is to Dutch literature what Shakespeare is to the English one: the Grand Old Master, who wrote magnificent dramatic plays, but whose language is not always easy to understand. The orthography of the 17th century has some remarkable similarities with English, e.g. the use of -ck- (ick) instead of -k- (ik) or the use of -gh- (ooghen) instead of -g- (ogen) for the guttural spirant. In English it still occurs in word like laugh, though or nigh although it has either gone mute or been replaced by [f]. Of course there are also more case endings in his language than there are today

In 1632 Van den Vondel had to witness the death of his little son Constantijn and he wrote a famous poem about it. At the end of his 91 year long life he had outlived all but one grandson.

Joost van den Vondel 1665

Kinder-lyck.

Constantijntje, 't

Cherubijntje, ,

, hier beneden,

met een .

Moeder, hy, waarom ghy?

Waarom ghy, op mijn ?

Boven leef ick, boven ick,

:

En ick 'er, en ick ,

de

de , die daar

van veel .

met

Naar , het

, die zoo .

.

Translation • Example 15 • Vondel

Little Constantine, the blessed babe

Little cherubs, down from on high

laughs at the vanities down here

with a friendly eye

Mother, he says, why do you weep

why do you cry on my body?

Up here I live, up here I float

Little angel of the realm of heaven

And I shine there and I drink there

what the giver of all good

pours for the souls that swarm there

frolicking for sheer abundance

Learn to travel then with thoughtfulness

to palaces, out of the mud

of this world that is so troubled

Eternity goes before the moment.

Tollens (1780-1856)

Tollens's parents came from Gent, but he grew up in Holland and joined a paint company founded there by Johannes Jodocus Tollens in 1748. As a poet he was much admired in his day, including in Flanders as we shall seen below. He wrote mostly about the beauty and virtue of ordinary family life and about loyalty and love for God an country. In the 1880's a new generation of poets -to which e.g. Gorter belonged- would find fault with the very conservative state that Dutch literature had fallen into. Although Tollens was long dead by then, he became one of the prime targets of their scorn. So much so that it took to our own days for the poet to become judged by his own merits again, rather then through the eyes of the Tachtigers as they were called.

Tollens wrote many rather lengthy poems, but in this short one he revisits the same issue as Vondel did two centuries before and his version shows remarkable parallels with Vondel's poem.

Tollens

't , ,

in de ,

Brak zijn open,

uit zijn .

Zie, daar het, zie, daar zweeft het,

en ;

Hooger vliegt het, hooger leeft het,

in lager .

, droog de natte ,

op de doode ,

Blijf niet aan zijn :

:

englen .

Translation • Example 15 • Tollens

The crawling little caterpillar exhausted from its crawling

Worried to resignation in the narrow cell

broke open its little vault in a flutter

clapping its wings flew out of its wilted peel

See, there is sways, there it floats

escaped from unwieldy stress and pressure

Higher it flies, higher it lives

Tired of playing in lower air

Wetnurse, dry the wet cheeks

do not stare at the dead pupa

do not be trapped in its little web

the little butterfly cannot be caught again

Heaven's angels took it up.

Prudens Van Duyse (1804-1859)

Prudence Van Duyse was an important figure is the Vlaamse Beweging, the movement in Flanders that resisted the pressure to squeeze out the Dutch language and its Flemish dialects in favor of everything French. He wrote much of better days that Flanders had seen, particularly its heighday in 1304 when it thwarted the French king's attempts to gain greater control over Flanders in a pitched battle against French nobility. For Tollens however, Van Duyse had nothing but praise, that he expressed in a pretty lengthy poem of which we show one stanza here.

Prudens van Duyse

Aen Tollens

van het ,

Bard van den nederlandschen ,

Batavier^[1], 't geluk werd u gegeven,

van 't uw ; -

Dat gy, naest de uwen nêergezeten,

God in ,

En van naby zyn glans, met , ,

Die zich in Oceaen en waterdrop .

Heil u! gy eens werd ,

Leeft, als in , uw .

Translation • Example 15 • To Tollens

Painter of domestic life

Bard of Dutch fame

Privileged Batavian, fortune was given to you

May the freshness of spring of the mind adorn your old age as with flowers

That you, sitting besides your people

honor God in the chain of his creatures

and from up close behold his gloss with praying heart

that reflects itself in ocean and drop of water

Hail to you! Where you were once cradles

Lives, as in the land of Flanders, your song.

Appendix

↑ The Batavii were a tribe that the Roman found living in the region between the great rivers. During the French revolution the Republic of the Netherlands toppled the old regime and the House of Orange went into exile, the Republic was renamed the Batavian Republic. So, Batavian is a nickname for Dutchman

[1] The Batavii were a tribe that the Roman found living in the region between the great rivers. During the French revolution the Republic of the Netherlands toppled the old regime and the House of Orange went into exile, the Republic was renamed the Batavian Republic. So, Batavian is a nickname for Dutchman

[1]