Lombard/Adverbs and adverbial locutions
The reference orthography for this page of Lombard course is New Lombard orthography |
Adverb and adverbial locution of manner
editLombard adverb | Translation into English |
---|---|
ben | (a) well; (b) OK[1]; (c) good[1] |
benon | very well |
mal | (a) bad; (b) badly |
mej | (a) better |
pesg | (a) worse |
inscì | (a) so; (b) thus; (c) such |
- ↑ a b These are adjectives in English, but some lombard constructions in the type "andà" + adverb (the verb used is "andà", "to go") are transformed into English with "to be" + adjective
Under the influence of Italian language, a class of adverbs of manner has established itself, formed from the root of the adjective followed by the ending -ament:
- giustament = rightly, justly
In other cases, there are some periphrases:
- a la svelta = quickly
However, there are also cases of adverbs typical only of Lombard:
- inevid: reluctantly, unwillingly
- adasi: slowly
Adverb locutions are also widespread:
- a bellasi: slowly
- in genoggion: kneeling, on one's knees
- a tomborlon: tumbling down
- de balosset: cunningly
- de cativ: badly
- adasi adasi = very slowly
Adverbs and adverbial locutions of place
editAdverbs of place
editLombard adverb | Translation into English | Examples | Dialet |
---|---|---|---|
adree (1) | (1) after (with approach motion); (2) in tow | ||
adass (1) | below | (1) MI | |
dedree (1) |
behind (state in place) | (1) MI | |
debass (1) |
down, downstairs | (1) MI | |
apress (1) aproeuv (2) |
close, near | (1) MI (2) BG | |
arent (1) | close | ||
vesin (1) visin (2) |
close | ||
lontan (1) | far | ||
dessoravia (1) | above (with enfasis for being abel to stay above or for occpying even the space above), afloat | ||
denanz (1) | in front | ||
impari (1) | (a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison) |
||
inanz (1) | forward | ||
contra (1) | against | ||
intorna (1) entoren (2) |
around | (1) MI (2) BG | |
indree (1) | (a) back; (b) behind | ||
(in) depertut (1) dapartut (2) |
everywhere | (1) MI BG (2) VA | |
(in) depermì (in) depertì |
alone (1st person singular) alone (2nd person singular) |
||
lì (1) là (2) |
there, there | ||
lilinscì (1) | there (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out there), in that place | ||
chì (1) scià (2) |
here | ||
chichinscì (1) | here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place | ||
chì-lò (1) chì-loga (2) |
here (in reference to the activity carried out or to be carried out here), in this place | (1-2) MI (archaic) | |
tut-intorna (1) | all around |
Interrogative adverbs of place
editUsed for the construction of the interrogative sentences about the site/location/place.
Adverb | Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
indove (1a)[1] indova (2a)[1] indovè (1b-2b)[2] |
Where | ||
de indove (1a)[1] de indova (2a)[1] de indovè (1b-2b)[2] |
Where .... from |
- Note
Adverbial locutions of place
editLocuzione avverbiale | Traduzione in italiano | Esempi | Dialet |
---|---|---|---|
a galla (1) | afloat | ||
a uss a uss (1) | neighbours[1] | ||
chì adree (1) | nearby | MI | |
depos a l'uss (1) | close to home | ||
(in) de tute i part (1) | everywhere | ||
(in) de qualsessia part (1) | anywhere, in any place | ||
de dree (1) | behind (state in place) | ||
de facia (1) | opposite (state in place) | ||
de foeura (1) | outside | ||
de dent (1) | inside | ||
de sora (1) | (1) above; (2) upstairs | ||
de sota (1) | below, under | ||
de bass (1) | downstairs | ||
de là (1) | beyond??? | ||
in fond (1) | (1) at the end; at the bottom, down | ||
indove (1) | where (as a pronoun) to construct relative sentences |
||
in mez (1) | in the middle | ||
in pari (1) | (a) perfectly side by side and not a bit ahead or a bit behind (b) in comparison (one next to the other also in a figurative sense in order to make a comparison) |
||
a voltra (1) | out, to the surface (becoming visible while it wasn't before) |
vegnì a voltra | MI |
in groppa (1) | on one's back | ||
(in) d'una quai part (1) | somewhere | ||
in tut i canton (1) | everywhere | MI | |
lì adree (1) | in the neighborhood | MI |
- Note
- ↑ in English it is translated with this noun following the verb to be
Interrogative adverbial locutions of place
editUsed for the construction of interrogative sentences and dubitative sentences
Locution | English translation | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
in de che part (1) | which way |
Adverbial particle "ghe"
edit►►► see ►►► Adverbial particles
Adverbs and adverbial locutions of time
editAdverbs of time
editAdverb | Translation into English |
Examples | Dialect | Corresponding conjuctive locution |
Translation into English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ancamò (1) anmò (2) amò (3) |
(a) again (b) still (c) yet |
- | |||
adess (1) | (a) now (b) right now |
- | |||
dessadess (1) adsedess (2) delsadess (3) |
just now | ||||
despess (1) | often | - | |||
doman | tomorrow | ||||
dopo (1) despeou (2) |
later | dopo che | after | ||
finalment (1) | finally | - | |||
finadess (1) | (a) so far (b) up to now (c) until now |
- | |||
sgiamò (1) | already | (1) MI BG | - | ||
incoeu (1) ancoeu (2) |
today | (1) MI (2) BG |
|||
instora (1) | at this moment | (1) MI (arcaico) | - | ||
intratanta (1) | meanwhile, in the meantime | - | |||
intanta (1) | meanwhile | intanta che | while | ||
jer | yesterday | ||||
mai (1) | (a) never (b) ever |
- | |||
meneman (1) maneman (2) |
gradually | maneman che | as quickly as, hand in hand that | ||
nananmò (1) gnamò (2) nancamò (3) nanmò (4) nonanmò (5) |
not...yet | - | |||
oramai (1) ormai (2) |
by now | (1) MI (2) MI |
- | ||
poeu (1) po (2) |
then | (1) MI (2) BG |
- | ||
prima (1) | before | prima che | before | ||
pù (1)
pioeù (2) |
(a) not anymore (b) no longer |
(1) MI (2) BG |
- | ||
inanz (1) | before | inanz che | before | ||
semper (1) sempro (2) |
always | (1) MI (2) Lagh |
semper che | assuming (that) | |
sovenz (1) | frequently often |
||||
subit |
immediatly, right away |
Adverbial locution of time
editAdverbial locution | Translation into English | Examples | Dialect | Corresponding conjuctive locution |
Translation into English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a 'st'ora (1) | at this point | MI | |||
adree a la man (1) | each time as they occur | MI | |||
a momenti (1) | any minute, shortly | MI | |||
al dì d'incoeu (1) | nowadays | MI | |||
a la fin (1) | at the end, finally, in the end, eventually, ultimately | MI | |||
a la fin di fin (1) | after all, ultimately | MI | |||
a la svelta (1) | quickly | MI | |||
bell bellin (1) | little by little | MI | |||
di volte (1) | sometimes | MI | |||
de chì inanz (1) | (a) from now on (b) from here on out |
MI | |||
de dì in dì (1) | day by day | MI | |||
de lì adree (1) | shortly thereafter, quickly thereafter | MI | |||
de lì e lì (1) | at any moment, at any time | MI | |||
d'ora inanz (1) | (a) from now on (b) from here on out |
MI | |||
dent per dent (1) | from time to time | MI | |||
de maneman (1) | gradually, a little at a time | MI | |||
de rar (1) | rarely, seldom | MI | |||
de spess (1) | often, frequently | MI | |||
de solit (1) | usually | MI | |||
de strasora (1) | after hours | MI | |||
de tant in tant (1) | from time to time | MI | |||
de 'sti dì (1) | these days | MI | |||
d'un moment con l'alter (1) | at any moment, any minute now | MI | |||
fin'a l'ultim (1) fina in ultim (2) |
to the bitter end | (1) MI (2) MI | |||
foeura d'ora (1) | after hours | MI | |||
in d'un bof (1) | in a breath | MI | |||
in men de quell (1) | in no time | MI | |||
in (sui) ultim (1) | at the end | MI | |||
in sul moment (1) | on the spot, at the time | MI | |||
in seguit (1) | (a) after; (b) afterward | MI | |||
per adess (1) | for now | MI | |||
per intanta (1) | for the moment | MI | |||
per semper (1) | forever | MI | |||
prima de tut (1) | first of all | MI | |||
per un poo de volte (1) | for a few times, several times | MI | |||
poch a poch (1) | little by little, gradually | MI | |||
(una) quai volta (1) | sometimes | ||||
quand se sia (1) | when it happens | MI | |||
tra poch (1) | shortly | MI | |||
via via (1) | progressively | via via che | as |
Adverbial locutions of time
editUsage for interrogative sentences
Adverb | Translation into English |
Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
Quandè che (1) | When |
Adverbs e adverbial locution of quantity
editAdverbs of quantity
editAdverbs in lombard | Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
apena (1) | just | MI | |
altertant (1) | just as, equally | MI | |
almanch (1) almen (2) per el manch (3) |
at least | (1) MI (2) MI (3) MI | |
assee (1) | quite, enough | MI | |
assosenn (1) sossenn (2) |
very | (1) MI (archaic) (2) MI | |
circa (1) | about, around | MI | |
circumcirca (1) | roughly, approximately | MI | |
domà (1) | just | MI | |
fess (1) fiss (2) |
very | (1) Eastern Lombard | |
fina-mai (1) | extremely | (1) MI | |
molto (1) | very | MI | |
pressapoch (1) | roughly, mor or less | MI | |
quasi (1) squas (2) |
almost | MI | |
pussee (1) pioeù (2) |
most | (1) MI (2) BG | |
trop (1) | too | MI | |
piuttosto (1) | pretty | MI |
Locuzioni avverbiali di quantità
editLocuzione in lombardo | Traduzione in italiano |
Esempi | Dialetto |
---|---|---|---|
pussee o men (1) | more or less | MI | |
del poch al tant (1) | slightly more or less | MI | |
lì adree a (1) | about, approximately | MI |
Adverbs and adverbial locutions of addition
editAdverbs of addition
editThese words, within the sentence, depending on how they are used, can also play the role of copulative conjunctions
Adverb in Lombard |
translation into English | Ezemples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
inoltra (1) | also | (1) MI | |
dessorapù (1) | in addiction | (1) MI | |
anca (1) | also, moreover | (1) MI |
Adverbial locution of addiction
editAdverbial locution in Lombard |
translation into English | Ezemples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
in pu (1) | furthermore | (1) MI | |
per de pu (1) | furthermore | (1) MI | |
de sora maross (1) | in addiction, as an extra | (1) MI | |
in pagament (1) | moreover, furthermore | (1) MI |
Adverbs of evaluation
editAffirmative adverbs and adverbial locutions
editAffirmative adverbs
editAdverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
si [1](1) | yes | MI | |
of [2](1) | (a) Pheuw (b) Yeah |
MI | |
sigura (1) | definitively | MI |
Adverbs of evaluation
editAdverbial locution in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
de sicur (1) | definitively | MI |
Other expressions: sigura de sì= yes of course
- Note
- ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
- ↑ when used in affirmative answers can replace a whole sentence
Negating adverbs
editAdverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
nò(1a) nò [1][2](1b) * |
(a) not (b) no |
(1a) Mi ghe credi nò (I don't believe it.) |
(1a) MI Br PV LO (1b) All dialects |
no (0) * | not | (0) Mi no credi pù a nagot I don't believe in anything anymore. |
(0) |
minga (1) menga (2) mia (3) mea (4) miga (5) migna (6) * |
not | (1) Mi ghe credi minga (I don't believe it.) |
(1) MI (2) Lagh (3) MI [3]BG PV (4)VA (5)Vtel (6)CO |
nanca (1) nanch (2) gnanca (3) neanca (4) gnanch (5) |
(a) not even (b) not either |
(1-2-3-5)MI (4)Lagh |
Also nananmò - and its dialectal variants - (not yet) and mai (never) are negating adverbs.
* the use of negative adverbs is explained here and here.
- Note
Adverbs of doubt
editAdverb in Lombard |
Translation into English |
Examples | Dialects |
---|---|---|---|
forsi (1) forse (1) |
maybe | (1) MI (2) BG | |
magara (1) | maybe | (1) MI | |
probabilment (1) | probably | (1) MI | |
facilment (1) | probably | (1) MI | |
quasi (1) squas (2) |
(a) almost (b) nearly |
(1) MI (2) MI |
Interrogative adverbs
edit►see►►► Direct interrogative sentences
Exclamatory adverbs
editAdverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
se (1) | how | Se l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!) |
MI |
come (1) | how | Come l'è bell! (How beatiful (it is)!) |
MI |
Adverb and adverbial locutions for conclusions
editAdverb for conclusion
editAdverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
dopo-tut (1) | after all | MI |
Adverbial locutions for conclusion
editAdverb in Lombard |
Translation into English | Examples | Dialect |
---|---|---|---|
a bon cunt (1) | however, after all | (1) MI | |
a la fin de la fera (1) | at the end of the day | (1) MI | |
a la fin fin (1) | ultimately, in the end | (1) MI | |
in fin de l'ascia (1) in coo de l'ascia (2) |
at the end of the day | (1-2) MI | |
in fin di cunt (1) | at the end of the day | (1) MI | |
in tute i manere (1) de tute i manere (2) |
anyway | ||
in ogni modo (1) | anyway | (1) MI | |
comunque (1) | however, anyway | (1) MI |