Flora of New York/Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae


Asparagales (2)
Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae
Flora of New York — Asparagales (3)
Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae

Poales (1)
Typhaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Xyridaceae
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


Superorder Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
lilioid
monocots
Dioscoreales Nartheciaceae Aletris colic root 1
Narthecium asphodel x
Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreoideae Dioscorea yam 2
Liliales Colchicaceae Uvularieae Uvularia bellwort 4
Colchiceae Colchium autumn crocus x
Melanthiaceae Melanthieae Melanthium bunchflower 2
Veratrum false hellebore 1
Anticlea death camas 1
Amianthium fly poison 1
Stenanthium featherbells 6
Heloniadeae Helonias swamp pink 1
Chionographideae Chamaelirium fairywand, devil's bit 1
Parideae Trillium trillium, wake-robin 7
Smilacaceae Smilax greenbrier 7
Liliaceae Calochortoideae Streptopus twisted stalk 2
Prosartes fairy bells 1
Medeoloideae Clintonia bluebead 1
Medeola Indian cucumber 2
Lilioideae Tulipeae Tulipa wild tulip 1
Lilieae Erythronium trout lily 2
Lilium lily 6
Asparagales Orchidaceae Vanilloideae Pogonieae Pogonia snakemouth orchid 3
Isotria fiveleaf orchid 3
Cypripedioideae Cypripedium lady's slipper 7
Epidendroideae Neottieae Epipactis helleborine 2
Neottia twayblade 4
Triphoreae Triphora noddingcaps 1
Arethuseae Arethusa dragon's mouth 2
Malaxideae Liparis widelip-orchid 2
Malaxis adder's-mouth-orchid 3
Maxillarieae Corallorhiza coralroot 6
Aplectrum Adam and Eve 1
Calypsoeae Calypso fairy slipper 1
Tipularia cranefly orchid 1
Orchidoideae Orchideae Amerorchis roundleaf orchis 1
Coeloglossum frog-orchid 1
Galearis galearis 1
Platanthera fringed-orchid 18
Cranichideae Goodyera rattlesnake-plantain 3
Spiranthes ladies'-tresses 14
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis eastern yellow stargrass 1
Iridaceae Iridoideae Irideae Iris iris 10
Sisyrinchieae Sisyrinchium blue-eyed grass 7
Crocoideae Ixiae Crocus crocus 4
Asphodelaceae Hemerocallidoieae Hemerocallideae Hemerocallis daylily 2
Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allieae Allium garlic, onion, leek, chives 14
Amaryllidoideae Narcisseae Narcissus daffodil 4
Galantheae Galanthus snowdrop 2
Leucojum snowflake 1
Asparagaceae Scilloideae Ornithogaleae Ornithogalum star-of-Bethlehem 2
Hyacintheae Chionodoxa glory of the snow 1
Hyacinthoides English-bluebell 2
Muscari grape-hyacinth 1
Scilla squill 1
Agavoideae Agaveae Yucca Adam's needle 1
Hosta plantain lily 4
Camassia Atlantic camas 0
Asparagoideae Asparagus asparagus 1
Nolinoideae Convallarieae Convallaria lily-of-the-valley 2
Polygonateae Maianthemum mayflower 4
Polygonatum Solomon's-seal 3

Family Amaryllidaceae

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The Amaryllidaceae (family)...

Subfamily Allioideae

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Subfamily Allioideae

Tribe Allieae

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Tribe Allieae
Allium
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The genus Allium contains species known variously as garlic, onions, leeks, and chives
Allium subg. Anguinum
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Allium tricoccum
wild leeks, ramps
Subgenus Anguinum contains the native wild leeks, also known as ramps.
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Anguinum
Genus Alliumsubg. Anguinum Wild leeks N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Aiton

1789. Allium tricoccum Aiton
1808. Allium triflorum Raf.
1822. Ophioscorodon tricoccum (Aiton) Wallr.
1840. Aglitheis tricoccum (Aiton) Raf.
1903. Validallium tricoccum (Aiton) Small
Common wild leek
Wild leek
Ramps
Ramp
Small white leek
Small wild leek
Wood leek

Ail des bois
Ail sauvage
Ail trilobé
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
 
NYFA: 5

USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Note: FLNPS
 (Hanes) A.G.Jones

1953. Allium tricoccum  var. burdickii  Hanes
1979. Allium burdickii  (Hanes) A.G.Jones
Narrow-leaf wild leek,
Burdick's wild leek,
Ramp
Ail de Burdick
Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
DEC-A[1]
 
NYFA: Z

USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Allium subg. Amerallium
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Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Amerallium
Genus Alliumsubg. Amerallium Onion N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 var. canadense

1753. Allium canadense L.
1840. Geboscon acetabulum Raf.
1903. Allium continuum Small
1957. Allium acetabulum (Raf.) Shinners
Meadow garlic,
Canadian onion,
Canadian garlic,
Wild onion
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 21, 28
 
NYFA: 5

USDA-NN
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Note: FLNPS
 Roth
 var. cernuum

Nodding onion Native, CoC: 7,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1],
S2, G5

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 8,
2n = 14
 
NYFA: 6 counties

USDA-NN
FSUS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Note: FLNPS
Cirillo

Naples garlic
Neapolitan garlic
White garlic
Ail de Naples
Introduced from
 Old-World

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: Bronx, Rensselaer

USDA-X0
FSUS
Images
Wikispecies
Allium subg. Cepa
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Allium schoenoprasum L.
wild chives
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) is a circumboreal species. Although escapes of these widely-cultivated plants are common, natural populations are now considered to be endangered in New York. There is no reliable way to distinguish between native and cultivated chives except subjectively by habitat. The New York Flora Atlas suggests: "Native populations grow on rocky ledges and shores adjacent to rivers, and on alvar. Nonnative populations are persistent from former cultivation or occasionally naturalize in fields, thickets, roadsides, and other disturbed areas."[1]
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Cepa
Genus Alliumsubg. Cepasect. Schoenoprasum Chives N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753.  Allium schoenoprasum  L. in…
1771.  Allium sibiricum  L. in…
1843.  Allium schoenoprasum  var. sibiricum  (L.) Hartm. in…
1926.  Allium schoenoprasum  var. laurentianum  Fernald  in…
Wild chives Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
Note[1][2],
S1, G5

FACU

Perennial,
Herb
 
NYFA: 17 counties
iNat: 33 counties

USDA-Both
POWO
Go Botany
FNAFNA
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Alliumsubg. Cepasect. Cepa Onions N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Garden onion,
Cultivated onion
Introduced,
Not naturalized
 
NYFA: X

USDA-C0
Images
Wikispecies
  1. USDA-NRCS PLANTS shows Allium schoenoprasum var. schoenoprasum as introduced in North America, but not present in NY. It shows var. sibiricum as native to North America, present in NY, and threatened in MI, MN, and NH. The New York Flora Atlas treats these varieties as cultivars and gives the species a state-exotic status. Flora of North America treats the species as a polymorphic North American native, with no reliable varietal separations.
  2. New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017:Changes Since the June 2010 Rare Plant Status Lists: Taxa added to the Active List: Allium schoenoprasum G5 S1
Allium subg. Allium
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Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Allioideae — Allium subg. Allium
Genus Alliumsubg. Alliumsect. Allium Garlic & Leeks N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Wild garlic,
Wild onion,
Onion-grass
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
NE-3[1]
 
NYFA: X
GBIF

USDA-XX
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
var. ophioscorodon

Hardneck garlic Introduced  
NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Round-head garlic Introduced  
NYFA: X

Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Leek Introduced  
NYFA: X

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Alliumsubg. Allium(excluded taxa) Garlic & Leeks N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Wild garlic Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-XW
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
var. sativum

Garlic Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
var. paniculatum

Mediterranean onion Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

Broadleaf wild leek,
Broad-leaved wild leek
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
  1. Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Subamily Amaryllidoideae

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The Amaryllidoideae (amaryllis subfamily)...

Tribe Narcisseae

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Narcissus
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Narcissus × incomparabilis

Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Narcisseae — Narcissus
Genus Narcissus Daffodil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. poeticus

1753.  Narcissus poeticus  L. in…
1792.  Narcissus angustifolius  Curtis ex Haw. in…
1796.  Narcissus patellaris  Salisb. in…
1812.  Narcissus recurvus  Haw. in…
1838.  Autogenes poeticus  (L.) Raf. in…
Poet’s narcissus,
Pheasant’s-eye narcissus,
Daffodil
Introduced,
Cultivated,
Persisting,
Naturalizing rarely,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb
 
NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: 29 counties
GBIF

USDA-XX
POWO
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 L. 1753

Daffodil,
Common daffodil,
Trumpet narcissus
Introduced,
from Eurasia,
Macaronesia
 
NYFA: X

USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNAFNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Mill. (pro sp.)
[ poeticus × pseudonarcissus ]

Hybrid daffodil
Nonesuch daffodil
Introduced  
NYFA: X

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Narcissus(excluded taxa) Daffodil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Jonquil,
Daffodil
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA-Excluded

USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Galantheae

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Tribe Galantheae contains the three genera: Acis, Galanthus, and Leucojum.[1]
  1. Larsen, Maja Mellergaard; Adsersen, Anne; Davis, Aaron P.; Lledó, M. Dolores; Jäger, Anna K.; Rønsted, Nina (October 2010). "Using a phylogenetic approach to selection of target plants in drug discovery of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting alkaloids in Amaryllidaceae tribe Galantheae". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 38 (5): 1026–1034. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2010.10.005.
Leucojum
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Leucojum aestivum
Snowflakes in the genus Leucojum worldwide now include only summer snowflakes (L. aestivum) and spring snowflakes (L. vernum), of which only summer snowflakes are known to naturalize in New York. Other snowflakes previously in Leucojum are now placed in Acis Salisb. (1807) but none of those are known to naturalize in North America.
Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Galantheae — Leucojum
Genus Leucojum Snowflake N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1759.  Leucojum aestivum  L. in…
1790.  Nivaria monadelphia  Medik. in…
1802.  Nivaria aestivalis  Moench in…
Summer snowflake
Loddon-lily
Giant snowflake

Nivéole d'été
Introduced from
 Europe,
 temperate Asia,
Potentially invasive,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [1],
Naturalized
 
NYFA: 9 counties
iNat: 30 counties

USDA-XX
POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Leucojum(excluded taxa) Snowflake N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Leucojum vernum L.
1785. Galanthus vernus (L.) All.
1794. Nivaria verna (L.) Moench
1837. Erinosma verna (L.) Herb.
1889. Leucojum vernum  var. biflorum  1889
Spring snowflake

Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
  excluded
NYFA-Excluded

Kew WCSP
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
Galanthus
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Galanthus nivalis

Asparagales — Amaryllidaceae — Amaryllidoideae — Galantheae — Galanthus
Genus Galanthus Snowdrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Galanthus nivali  L.
1839. Galanthus imperati  Bertol.
1888. Galanthus nivalis  ssp. imperati  Baker
Snowdrop,
Common snowdrop
Perceneige
Introduced,
from Eurasia
 
NYFA: X

USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
FNA
IUCN Red List: NT Images
Wikispecies

1875. Galanthus elwesii Hook.f.
1882. Galanthus graecus Orph. ex Boiss.
Giant snowdrop,
Greater snowdrop
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
from Eurasia
 
NYFA: X
iNat

USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies

Family Asparagaceae

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Subfamily Scilloideae

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Tribe Ornithogaleae

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Ornithogalum
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Ornithogalum umbellatum
Ornithogalum (Star of Bethlehem) is a large old-world genus with a number of species that have been introduced to North America. The most widely naturalized are Ornithogalum umbellatum and Ornithogalum nutans,[1] both of which are found in New York[2] and considered to be invasive.[3]
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Ornithogaleae — Ornithogalum
Genus Ornithogalum Star of Bethlehem N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Ornithogalum umbellatum L.
Common star-of-Bethlehem,
Pyrenees Star of Bethlehem,
Nap-at-noon,
Sleepy dick
Dame de onze heures
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Moderately invasive
 
NYFA: X

USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 L.

1753. Ornithogalum nutans L.
Drooping star-of-Bethlehem,
Nodding star-of-Bethlehem
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Highly invasive
 
NYFA: X

USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Hyacintheae

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Subribe Hyacinthinae
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Scilla
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Scilla siberica

Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae
Genus Scilla Scilla N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Andrews

1804. Scilla siberica Andrews
1804. Scilla siberica Haw.
1998. Othocallis siberica (Haw.) Speta
Siberian squill,
Wood squill
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized
 
NYFA: 9 counties
GBIF

USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
(Boiss.) Speta

1844. Chionodoxa luciliae Boiss.
1899. Chionodoxa gigantea Whittall
1971. Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta
Boissier's glory-of-the-snow
Glory of the snow
Lucile's glory of the snow
Introduced,
Naturalized,
SNA

FAC

Perennial,
Herb
 
NYFA: 2 counties
iNat: 12 counties

USDA-X0
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
(Baker) Speta

    Chionodoxa forbesii Baker
    Scilla forbesii (Baker) Speta
Forbes's glory-of-the-snow

Introduced,
Naturalized,
SNA

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 0 counties
iNat: 15 counties

USDA-
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Muscari
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Muscari
The Flora of North America lists three Muscari species (M. botryoides, M. comosum, and M. neglectum) as introduced to North America (north of Mexico).[1] The New York Flora Atlas
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae
Genus Muscari Grape-hyacinth N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Mill.

1753.  Hyacinthus botryoides  L. in…
1768.  Muscari botryoides  (L.) Mill. in…
1796.  Scilla inflata  Salisb. in…
Common grape-hyacinth,
Compact grape-hyacinth,
Italilan grape-hyacinth,
Grape-hyacinth
Introduced from
 Europe,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
2n = 18, 36
 
NYFA: 11 counties
iNat: 19 counties

USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 Guss. ex Ten.

1753.  Hyacinthus racemosus  L.
1768.  Muscari racemosum  (L.) Mill. in…
1806.  Muscari racemosum  Lam. & DC.
1842.  Muscari neglectum  Guss. ex Ten.
1896.  Muscari racemosum  var. neglectum  (Guss. ex Ten.) St.-Lag.
1906.  Hyacinthus neglectus  (Guss. ex Ten.) E.H.L.Krause
Dark-flowered grape hyacinth
Starch grape hyacinth

Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [2],
 GRIIS-US: Invasive,
Naturalized,
2n = 18, 36, 45, 54, 72
 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: 14 counties
GBIF

USDA-X0
POWO
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
H.J.Veitch

1872.  Muscari armeniacum H.J.Veitch in…
1878.  Muscari armeniacum  Leichtlin ex Baker in…
1933.  Muscari colchicum  Grossh. in…
1946.  Muscari sosnovskyi  Schchian in…
Garden grape-hyacinth
Common grape-hyacinth
Armenian grape hyacinth

Muscari d'Arménie
Introduced,
Not listed,
2n = 18, 36
 
NYFA: Not listed
iNat: 15 counties
GBIF

USDA-XX
COL
WFO
POWO
Images
Wikispecies
(L.) Mill.

1753.  Hyacinthus comosus  L. in…
1768.  Muscari comosum  (L.) Mill. in…
1796.  Scilla comosa  (L.) Salisb. in…
Tassel hyacinth

Introduced,
2n = 18, 27
 
NYFA: Not listed
iNat: Queens (2021)

USDA-X0
POWO
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Hyacinthoides
edit
 
Hyacinthoides non-scripta
[1]
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Scilloideae — Hyacintheae — Hyacinthinae
Genus Hyacinthoides Hyacinthoides N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Chouard

1753. Hyacinthus non-scriptus L.
1803. Scilla non-scripta (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link
1934. Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard
English-bluebell Introduced,
Occasionally naturalized
 
NYFA: X

USDA-X
Images
Wikispecies
(Mill.) Rothm.

1768. Scilla hispanica Mill.
1944. Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Rothm.
1983. Scilla non-scripta  ssp. hispanica (Mill.)  Ietsw.
1993. Hyacinthoides non-scripta  ssp. hispanica (Mill.)  Kerguélen
Spanish bluebell

Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [3],
Not naturalized
 
NYFA: Xm

USDA-XX
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Agavoideae

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Tribe Agaeae

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Yucca
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Yucca filamentosa
Curly-leaved yucca has been introduced to New York from the southeastern United States
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Agaveae — Yucca
Genus Yucca Yucca N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

Curly-leaved yucca,
Adam's needle,
Spanish bayonette
Introduced from
 southeastern US,
North America native,
Naturalized,
SNA

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 7 counties
iNat
GBIF
~12 counties

USDA-N
FNA
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
Hosta
edit
 
Hosta plantaginea
Hostas or plantain lilies are native to Asia, have been commonly planted in the Northeast, and often persist for years. Although not widely naturalized, some appear to have escaped cultivation in a limited number of locations in New York.[1][2]
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Agaveae — Hosta
Genus Hosta Plantain-lily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Thunb.) Engl.

Narrowleaf plantain lily,
Narrow-leaved plantain-lily
Introduced,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 3 counties
1 iNat
N GBIF
Dutchess (2017)

USDA-X
Images
Wikispecies
(Salisb.) Stearn

Blue plantain-lily Introduced,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 4 counties
0 iNat
N GBIF
0 counties

USDA-X
Images
Wikispecies
Lam Asch.

Fragrant plantain lily
Scented hosta
Introduced from
 China,
Unknown naturalization,
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: Onondaga (2012)
1 iNat
N GBIF
Onondaga (2004)

USDA-X
Images
Wikispecies
Camassia
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Camassia scilloides
wild hyacinth, eastern camas
Camassia scilloides (wild hyacinth) was listed in the 1912 Flora of Onondaga County as Quamasia hyacinthina Raf., a "very rare" plant found on the bank of Onondaga Creek in 1900.[1] It is not listed in the New York Flora Atlas.
  1. L. Leonora Hutchinson Goodrich (1912) Flora of Onondaga County as Collected by the Members of the Syracuse Botanical Club. p. 64.
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Agavoideae — Camassia
Genus CamassiaRaf. (1818) 0 N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Raf.) Cory

1818. Cyanotris scilloides Raf.
1824. Quamasia scilloides (Raf.) Raf.
1896. Quamasia hyacinthina Britton
1908. Camassia esculenta (Ker Gawl.) B.L.Rob.)
1936. Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory
Eastern camas
Atlantic camas
Wild hyacinth

Camassie faux-scille
Jacinthe des bois
N. America native  
USDA-NN
FNA
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies

Subamily Asparagoideae

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The Asparagoideae (asparagus subfamily)...

Asparagus

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Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Asparagoideae — Asparagus
Genus Asparagus Asparagus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Asparagus officinalis  L.
1753. Asparagus officinalis  ssp. officinalis
1753. Asparagus officinalis  var. altilus  L.
1783. Asparagus tenuifolius  Lam.
1864. Asparagus altilus  (L.) Asch.
Garden asparagus,
Common asparagus,
Asparagus
Asperge,
Asperge officinale
Introduced

Perennial,
Forb-herb
 
NYFA: X

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Subfamily Nolinoideae

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Subfamily Nolinoideae

Tribe Convallarieae

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Convallaria
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Convallaria majalis
lily of the valley
The lily-of-the-valley plants that have been found to have naturalized or persisted from old plantings in New York have been the Eurasian lily-of-the-valley (C. majalis ssp. majalis). The American lily-of-the-valley (C. majalis ssp. majuscula[1]) is considered to be native to the Appalachian Mountain region with a natural range extending only as far north as West Virginia. These North American natives have not been reported outside of cultivation in New York.
Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Convallaria
Genus Convallaria Lily of the valley N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. majalis

1753. Convallaria majalis  L.
Eurasian lily-of-the-valley,
European lily-of-the-valley
Muguet
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
Cornell BG A4[1]
 
NYFA: X

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Genus Convallaria(excluded taxa) Lily of the valley N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. majuscula (Greene) Gandhi, Reveal, and Zarucchi

1840. Convallaria montana  Raf.
1908. Convallaria majuscula  Greene
1964. Convallaria majalis  var. montana  (Raf.) H.E.Ahles
2012. Convallaria majalis  ssp. majuscula  (Greene) Gandhi, Reveal, and Zarucchi
American lily-of-the-valley N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA: 0

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Note: Gandhi[2]

Tribe Polygonateae

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Maianthemum
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Maianthemum canadense

Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Maianthemum
Genus Maianthemum Mayflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Desf.

1807. Maianthemum canadense  Desf.
1814. Smilacina canadensis  Pursh
1888. Unifolium canadense  Greene
Canada May-flower,
Canadian May-lily,
Wild lily-of-the-valley,
False lily-of-the-valley,
Two-leaved Solomon’s-seal
Maïanthème du Canada
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Zoochore
 
NYFA: 5

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 (L.) Link
 ssp. racemosum

1753. Convallaria racemosa  L.
1807. Smilacina racemosa  Desf.
1821. Maianthemum racemosum  Link
1840. Vagnera retusa  Raf.
1889. Unifolium racemosum  (Britton
1893. Vagnera racemosa  Morong
1903. Vagnera australis  Rydb.
False Solomon’s-seal,
False spikenard,
Solomon’s-plume,
Feathery false lily of the valley
Smilacine à grappes
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Zoochore
 
NYFA: 5

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 (L.) Link

1753. Convallaria stellata L.
1807. Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.
1821. Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link
Starry Solomon's-seal,
Little false Solomon’s-seal,
Starflower Solomon’s-seal,
Starflower Solomon's-plume
Smilacine étoilée,
Maïanthème étoilé
Native,
Secure
 
NYFA: 5

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 (L.) Sloboda

1753. Convallaria trifolia  L.
1807. Smilacina trifolia  (L.) Desf.
1875. Tovaria trifolia  (L.) Neck. ex Baker
1894. Vagnera trifolia  (L.) Morong
1852. Maianthemum trifolium  (L.) Sloboda
Three-leaved Solomon's-plume,
Threeleaf false lily of the valley,
Threeleaf false Solomon's seal,
Swamp false Solomon's seal
Smilacine trifoliée,
Smilacine à trois feuilles
Native,
Secure
 
NYFA: 5

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Polygonatum
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Polygonatum biflorum

Asparagales — Asparagaceae — Nolinoideae — Polygonatum
Genus PolygonatumMill. Solomon's-seal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Willd.) Pursh

1803. Convallaria pubescens  Willd.
1814. Polygonatum pubescens  (Willd.) Pursh
 auct. Polygonatum biflorum  sensu Gray & Britton
Hairy Solomon’s seal,
Downy Solomon's-seal
Sceau-de-Salomon pubescent
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 20
 
NYFA: 49 counties
iNat: 53 counties

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(Walter) Elliott
 var. biflorum

1788. Convallaria biflora  Walter
1817. Polygonatum biflorum  (Walter) Elliott
1917. Polygonatum biflorum  var. hebetifolium   R.R. Gates
1927. Polygonatum hebetifolium  (R.R. Gates) Bush
Giant Solomon’s seal,
Great Solomon’s seal,
Common Solomon's-seal,
Smooth Solomon’s seal,
King Solomon's-seal
Sceau-de-Salomon à deux fleurs
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 20, 40.
 
NYFA: 5

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 (Walter) Elliott
var. commutatum (Schult.f.) Morong

1830. Convallaria commutata  Schult.f.
1835. Polygonatum commutatum  A.Dietr.
1894. Polygonatum biflorum  var. commutatum  (Schult.f.) Morong
Large Solomon's-seal,
Giant Solomon’s seal,
Great Solomon’s seal
Sceau-de-Salomon géant,
Sceau-de-Salomon canaliculé
Native, CoC: 5,
Unrankd,
SNR

FACU

Perennial,
Herb
 
NYFA: U

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Genus Polygonatum(excluded taxa) Solomon's-seal N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Jacq.) Desf.

1775. Convallaria latifolia  Jacq.
1797. Convallaria hirta  Bosc ex Poir.
1807. Polygonatum latifolium  (Jacq.) Desf.
1814. Polygonatum hirtum  (Bosc ex Poir.) Pursh
1840. Sigillaria hirta  (Bosc ex Poir.) Raf.
Broad-leaved Solomon's-seal
Broadleaf Solomon's-seal
Introduced from
 Europe,
N.Y. excluded,
Cultivated,
2n = 20
 
NYFA-Excluded
iNat: Cultivated

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 (L.) Allioni

1753. Convallaria multiflora L.
1785. Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) Allioni
Eurasian Solomon's-seal
Introduced from
 Europe,
N.Y. excluded,
Cultivated
 
NYFA: Not Listed
iNat: 7 counties

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