Flora of New York/Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae


Asparagales (1)
Orchidaceae
Flora of New York — Asparagales (2)
Hypoxidaceae, Iridaceae, Asphodelaceae

Asparagales (3)
Amaryllidaceae & Asparagaceae
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


Superorder Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
lilioid
monocots
Dioscoreales Nartheciaceae Aletris colic root 1
Narthecium asphodel x
Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreoideae Dioscorea yam 2
Liliales Colchicaceae Uvularieae Uvularia bellwort 4
Colchiceae Colchium autumn crocus x
Melanthiaceae Melanthieae Melanthium bunchflower 2
Veratrum false hellebore 1
Anticlea death camas 1
Amianthium fly poison 1
Stenanthium featherbells 6
Heloniadeae Helonias swamp pink 1
Chionographideae Chamaelirium fairywand, devil's bit 1
Parideae Trillium trillium, wake-robin 7
Smilacaceae Smilax greenbrier 7
Liliaceae Calochortoideae Streptopus twisted stalk 2
Prosartes fairy bells 1
Medeoloideae Clintonia bluebead 1
Medeola Indian cucumber 2
Lilioideae Tulipeae Tulipa wild tulip 1
Lilieae Erythronium trout lily 2
Lilium lily 6
Asparagales Orchidaceae Vanilloideae Pogonieae Pogonia snakemouth orchid 3
Isotria fiveleaf orchid 3
Cypripedioideae Cypripedium lady's slipper 7
Epidendroideae Neottieae Epipactis helleborine 2
Neottia twayblade 4
Triphoreae Triphora noddingcaps 1
Arethuseae Arethusa dragon's mouth 2
Malaxideae Liparis widelip-orchid 2
Malaxis adder's-mouth-orchid 3
Maxillarieae Corallorhiza coralroot 6
Aplectrum Adam and Eve 1
Calypsoeae Calypso fairy slipper 1
Tipularia cranefly orchid 1
Orchidoideae Orchideae Amerorchis roundleaf orchis 1
Coeloglossum frog-orchid 1
Galearis galearis 1
Platanthera fringed-orchid 18
Cranichideae Goodyera rattlesnake-plantain 3
Spiranthes ladies'-tresses 14
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis eastern yellow stargrass 1
Iridaceae Iridoideae Irideae Iris iris 10
Sisyrinchieae Sisyrinchium blue-eyed grass 7
Crocoideae Ixiae Crocus crocus 4
Asphodelaceae Hemerocallidoieae Hemerocallideae Hemerocallis daylily 2
Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allieae Allium garlic, onion, leek, chives 14
Amaryllidoideae Narcisseae Narcissus daffodil 4
Galantheae Galanthus snowdrop 2
Leucojum snowflake 1
Asparagaceae Scilloideae Ornithogaleae Ornithogalum star-of-Bethlehem 2
Hyacintheae Chionodoxa glory of the snow 1
Hyacinthoides English-bluebell 2
Muscari grape-hyacinth 1
Scilla squill 1
Agavoideae Agaveae Yucca Adam's needle 1
Hosta plantain lily 4
Camassia Atlantic camas 0
Asparagoideae Asparagus asparagus 1
Nolinoideae Convallarieae Convallaria lily-of-the-valley 2
Polygonateae Maianthemum mayflower 4
Polygonatum Solomon's-seal 3

The classification scheme used here for the order Asparagales is from P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015. - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.

Family Hypoxidaceae

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The Hypoxidaceae[1]

Hypoxis

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Hypoxis hirsuta
Of about seven Hypoxis species found in North America, the only Hypoxis species reported in New York is Hypoxis hirsuta (yellow stargrass).
  1. Hypoxidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Asparagales — Hypoxidaceae — Hypoxis
Genus Hypoxis Star grass N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Coville

1753. Ornithogalum hirsutum  L.
1759. Hypoxis erecta  L.
1803. Hypoxis carolinensis  Michx.
1814. Hypoxis graminea  Pursh
1894. Hypoxis hirsuta  (L.) Coville
1894. Hypoxis micrantha  Pollard
Eastern yellow stargrass,
Common goldstar,
Common stargrass,
Yellow stargrass
Hypoxis hirsute
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 5

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Family Iridaceae

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The Iridaceae (iris family) ...

Subfamily Iridoideae

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Tribe Irideae

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Iris
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Iris subg. Limniris
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Iris versicolor
Iris subg. Limniris sect. Limniris includes irises often referred to as flags, the most common of which is the northern blue flag (Iris versicolor), which grows in a wide range of wetland types.

Iris versicolor has been shown to be an amphidiploid between Iris virginica (n=35) and Iris hookeri (n=19).[1]


Asparagales — Iridaceae — Iridoideae — Irideae — Iris subg. Limniris
Genus Irissubg. Limnirissect. Limniris Iris N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

Iris hookeri (2n=38) ×
Iris virginica (2n=70) → 2n=108

1753. Iris versicolor L.
1863. Xiphion versicolor (L.) Alef.
2007. Limniris versicolor (L.) Rodion.
Blue flag,
Harlequin blueflag,
Larger blue flag,
Northern blue flag,
Hybrid of
 Hooker's iris &
 Southern blueflag
Iris versicolore,
Clajeux
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 5

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 Pursh

1814. Iris prismatica  Pursh
1840. Iris carolina  Radius ex Steud.
2007. Limniris prismatica  Rodion.
Slender blue flag,
Slender blue iris,
Cube iris,
Coastal iris
Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1]

OBL
 
NYFA: 2

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 L.

1753. Iris virginica  L.
1890. Iris caroliniana  S.Watson
1913. Iris georgiana  Britton
1927. Iris shrevei  Small
1936. Iris virginica  var. shrevei  E.S.Anderson
Southern blueflag,
Shreve's iris,
Virginia iris
Iris de Virginie
Native, CoC: 5,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]

OBL

Perennial,
Heerb-forb
 
NYFA: 1

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 L.

1753. Iris pseudacorus  L.
1789. Iris palustris  (L.) L.Gaterau superfl.
1817. Iris paludosa  Pers.
1852. Limnirion pseudacorus  Opiz
1866. Limniris pseudacorus  Fuss
Yellow iris,
Pale-yellow iris,
Yellow flag,
Yellow water iris
Iris faux-acore,
Iris jaune,
Iris des marais,
Fleur-de-lis
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 76%[3],
CP-3[4],
Prohibited[5]
 
NYFA: X

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 L.

1753.  Iris sibirica  L. in…
1794.  Iris stricta  Moench in…
1796.  Iris angustifolia  Salisb. in…
Siberian iris,
Iris de Sibérie
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
IPA
 
NYFA: X

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Genus Irissubg. Limnirissect. Lophiris Iris N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Sol. ex Aiton

1789. Iris cristata  Sol. ex Aiton
1863. Neubeckia cristata  Alef.
1882. Evansia cristata  Klatt
1913. Iris cristata  var. alba  Dykes
Crested iris,
Dwarf crested iris
Introduced from
 southeast USA,
North America native
 
NYFA: X

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Genus Irissubg. Limniris(excluded taxa) Iris N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 var. smalliana Fernald ex M.E.Edwards

1753.  Iris verna  L. in…
1790.  Gattenhofia verna  (L.) Medik. in…
1796.  Iris vernalis  Salisb. in…
1933.  Neubeckia verna  (L.) Small in…
1947.  Iris verna  var. smalliana  Fernald  in…
1969.  Iris verna  var. smalliana  Fernald ex M.E.Edwards  in…
2015.  Gattenhofia verna  var. smalliana   in…
Dwarf iris,
Dwarf violet iris,
Upland violet iris,
Vernal iris
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA: 0

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Iris subg. Iris
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Asparagales — Iridaceae — Iridoideae — Irideae — Iris subg. Iris
Genus Irissubg. Iris Iris N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
[ I. pallida × I. variegata × I. … ]

1753. Iris germanica L.
1753. Iris × germanica L. (pro sp.)
1759. Iris florentina L.
1993. Iris × conglomerata N.C.Hend.
German iris,
Orris,
Tall bearded iris,
Flag, Flags
iris d'Allemagne,
iris bleu d'Allemagne
Introduced from
 e. Mediterranean,
Widely cultivated
 
NYFA: X

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Iris subg. Pardanthopsis
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Iris domestica
Iris subgenus Pardanthopsis contains the two species Iris dichotoma and Iris domestica.

Despite possessing a "very un-Iris-like flower," [1] the sole species of Belamcanda has recently been transferred to the genus Iris, as Iris domestica. [2]


Asparagales — Iridaceae — Iridoideae — Irideae — Iris subg. Hermodactyloides
Genus Irissubg. Hermodactyloides Iris N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb.

1753. Epidendrum domesticum  L.
1753. Ixia chinensis  L.
1794. Belamcanda punctata  Moench
1805. Belamcanda chinensis  (L.) DC.
1891. Gemmingia chinensis  (L.) Kuntze
1914. Vanilla domestica  (L.) Druce
2005. Iris domestica  (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb.
Blackberry lily,
Leopard flower,
Leopard lily
Iris tigre
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [1],
Unknown naturalization
 
NYFA: X
GBIF

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Tribe Sisyrinchieae

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Sisyrinchium
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Sisyrinchium angustifolium
Narrowleaf blue-eyed grass

Asparagales — Iridaceae — Iridoideae — Sisyrinchieae
Genus SisyrinchiumL. 1753 Blue-eyed-grass N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Greene

1899. Sisyrinchium montanum  Greene
1899. Sisyrinchium heterocarpum  E.P.Bicknell
1899. Sisyrinchium alpestre  E.P.Bicknell
1946. Sisyrinchium montanum  var. crebrum  Fernald
1948. Sisyrinchium montanum  ssp. crebrum  Böcher
1949. Sisyrinchium bermudiana  var. crebrum  B.Boivin
 auct. Sisyrinchium angustifolium  non Mill.
Strict blue-eyed grass,
Mountain blue-eyed grass,
Common blue-eyed grass,
Little blue-eyed grass
Bermudienne montagnarde,
Herbe aux yeux bleus
Native, CoC: 1,
Secure

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 5

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 Mill.

1768. Sisyrinchium angustifolium  Mill.
1783. Sisyrinchium gramineum  Lam.
1896. Sisyrinchium graminoides  E.P.Bicknell
 auct. Sisyrinchium bermudiana  non L.
Narrowleaf blue-eyed grass,
Narrow-leaved blue-eyed grass
Native, CoC: 1,
Secure
 
NYFA: 5

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 E.P.Bicknell

1896. Sisyrinchium atlanticum  E.P.Bicknell
1899. Sisyrinchium apiculatum  E.P.Bicknell
1964. Sisyrinchium mucronatum  var. atlanticum  H.E.Ahles
Eastern blue-eyed grass Native, CoC: 1,
Likely secure
 
NYFA: 4

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 E.P.Bicknell

    Sisyrinchium arenicola
    Sisyrinchium farwellii
    Sisyrinchium incrustatum
    Sisyrinchium rufipes
    Sisyrinchium tenellum
Coastal-plain
    blue-eyed grass
Native, CoC: 1,
Rare
 
NYFA: 3

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 Michx.

1803. Sisyrinchium mucronatum  Michx.
1892. Sisyrinchium angustifolium  var. mucronatum  Baker
1899. Sisyrinchium intermedium  E.P.Bicknell
Michaux's blue-eyed-grass,
Needletip blue-eyed grass
Native, CoC: 1,
Endangered,
DEC-1[1]
 
NYFA: 1

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 Raf.

    Sisyrinchium asheianum
    Sisyrinchium bermudianum
    Sisyrinchium floridanum
    Sisyrinchium hastile
    Sisyrinchium niveum
    Sisyrinchium scabrellum
White blue-eyed grass,
Pale blue-eyed grass
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered
 
NYFA: ?

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Sisyrinchium species Stem branching Stem width (mm) Stem length Leaf width Leaf length Petal length Flower color
S. angustifolium some broad, 2.5-5 ≤ 5 dm (20") 1.5–6 mm (< 1/4") long ≥ 7 mm blue-violet
S. atlanticum some narrow, 0.5-2 long ≤ 2 mm (<1/12") short blue-violet
S. montanum rarely broad, 1.5-4 ≤ 5 dm (20") 2–3 mm (~1/8") long ≥ 8 mm blue-violet
S. mucronatum none wiry, 0.9-1.5 ≤ 4.5 dm (18") 1–2 mm (~1/12") short, 70–150 mm blue-violet
S. albidum broad, 1.5-4 ≤ 4 dm (16") 1.5–4 mm white

Subfamily Crocoideae

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Tribe Ixiae

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Crocus
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Crocus tommasinianus
The only vouchered Crocus specimen listed from New York State is of Crocus tommasinianus, which is listed as not naturalized in the New York Flora Atlas. However, several other Crocus species have appeared on the checklist of New York State plants, [1] but these are now listed as "excluded" in the Flora Atlas.
  1. Mitchell, R.S. (ed.). 1986. A checklist of New York State plants. Contributions of a Flora of New York State, Checklist III. New York State Bulletin No. 458. New York State Museum, Albany.
Asparagales — Iridaceae — Crocoideae — Ixiae — Crocus
Genus Crocus Crocus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Herb.

1847. Crocus tommasinianus Herb.
    
    
Early crocus,
Woodland crocus
Introduced,
Not naturalized

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: Xm
NYFA: Bronx (2012)
12 counties

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 (L.) Hill

1756. Crocus sativusvar. vernus L.
1765. Crocus vernus (L.) Hill
1805. Crocus vernus
var. neapolitanus Ker Gawl.
Dutch crocus,
Spring crocus
Crocus de printemps,
Crocus de Naples,
Crocus printanier
Introduced from
 Europe,
No specimens
 
NYFA: X

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 Weston

Cloth of gold Introduced,
No specimens
 
NYFA: X

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Ten. (1826)

Early crocus,
Naples crocus
Introduced,
No specimens
 
NYFA: X

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J.Gay (1831)

Sieber's crocus,
Greek crocus
Introduced,
No specimens
 
NYFA: X

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Family Asphodelaceae

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The Asphodelaceae (or Hemerocallidaceae[1]) family contains the non-native orange and yellow daylilies.

Submily Hemerocallidoideae

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Tribe Hemerocallideae

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Hemerocallis
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Hemerocallis fulva
orange daylily
Although the common form of the orange daylily Hemerocallis fulva is a seedless triploid and essentially sterile, it has persisted after, and escaped from cultivation so successfully using vegetative means such as root fragments, that it is considered invasive in much of the world, including New York. By contrast, the fertile diploid yellow daylily, Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, though reportedly naturalized in some places, is not currently considered invasive.
Asparagales — Asphodelaceae — Hemerocallidoideae — Hemerocallideae — Hemerocallis
Genus Hemerocallis Daylily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. (L.)

1753. H. lilioasphodelusvar. fulvus L.
1762. Hemerocallis fulva L.
1866. H. fulvavar. kwanso Regel
1930. H. fulvavar. rosea Stout
Orange daylily,
Tawny daylily,
Fulvous daylily,
Ditch lily
Hémérocalle fauve,
Lis d’un jour
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
 India,
Invasive,
 NYIS: 46%[1],
CP-3[2]
 
NYFA: X

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 L.

1753. Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L.
1762. Hemerocallis flava L.
1790. Hemerocallis lutea Gaertn.
Yellow daylily,
Lemon-lily,
Lemon daylily
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive
 
NYFA: X
GBIF

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