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Flora of New York/Dioscoreales & Liliales

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Acorales & Alismatales 		Flora of New York — Dioscoreales & Liliales →
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The Dioscoreales, Liliales and Asparagales form an informal group of monocots (Lilianae), known as the "lilioid monocots."[1]


monocots
 

Acorales

 
 
 

Alismatales

 
 
 
Dioscoreales
 

Nartheciaceae—Aletris farinosa (white colicroot, unicorn root)

 
 
Dioscoreaceae 
 

Dioscorea villosa (wild yam)

 
 

Dioscorea polystachya (Chinese yam, cinnamon vine) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liliales
 
Melanthiaceae
 
Melanthieae
 
 

Anticlea elegans (white death camas)

 
 

Stenanthium leimanthoides (pine barrens death camas)

 
 
 
 
 

Veratrum viride (false hellebore, Indian corn lily)

 
 
 

Veratrum virginicum (Virginia bunchflower)†

 
 

Veratrum hybridum (crisped bunchflower)†

 
 
 
 

Amianthium muscitoxicum (fly poison)†

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Heloniadeae—Helonias bullata (swamp pink)

 
 

Chionographideae—Chamaelirium luteum (fairywand, devil’s bit)

 
 
 

Parideaee—Trillium spp. (8 trilliums)

 
 
 
 
 

Colchicaceae—Uvularieae—Uvularia spp. (4 bellworts)

 
 
 

Smilacaceae—Smilax spp. (7 carrion flowers, greenbiers)

 
 

Liliaceae

 
 
 
 
 
 
Asparagales
 

Orchidaceae

 
 
 

Hypoxidaceae

 
 
 

Iridaceae

 
 
 

Asphodelaceae

 
 
 

Amaryllidaceae

 
 

Asparagaceae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Poales

 
 
 

Zingiberales

 
 

Commelinales

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
alismatid
monocots
lilioid
monocots
commelinid
monocots
  1. ↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since).
Superorder Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
lilioid
monocots 		Dioscoreales Nartheciaceae — — Aletris colic root 1
Narthecium asphodel x
Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreoideae — Dioscorea yam 2
Liliales Colchicaceae — Uvularieae Uvularia bellwort 4
Colchiceae Colchium autumn crocus x
Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae Melanthium bunchflower 2
Veratrum false hellebore 1
Anticlea death camas 1
Amianthium fly poison 1
Stenanthium featherbells 6
Heloniadeae Helonias swamp pink 1
Chionographideae Chamaelirium fairywand, devil's bit 1
Parideae Trillium trillium, wake-robin 7
Smilacaceae — — Smilax greenbrier 7
Liliaceae Calochortoideae — Streptopus twisted stalk 2
Prosartes fairy bells 1
Medeoloideae — Clintonia bluebead 1
Medeola Indian cucumber 2
Lilioideae Tulipeae Tulipa wild tulip 1
Lilieae Erythronium trout lily 2
Lilium lily 6
Asparagales Orchidaceae Vanilloideae Pogonieae Pogonia snakemouth orchid 3
Isotria fiveleaf orchid 3
Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium lady's slipper 7
Epidendroideae Neottieae Epipactis helleborine 2
Neottia twayblade 4
Triphoreae Triphora noddingcaps 1
Arethuseae Arethusa dragon's mouth 2
Malaxideae Liparis widelip-orchid 2
Malaxis adder's-mouth-orchid 3
Maxillarieae Corallorhiza coralroot 6
Aplectrum Adam and Eve 1
Calypsoeae Calypso fairy slipper 1
Tipularia cranefly orchid 1
Orchidoideae Orchideae Amerorchis roundleaf orchis 1
Coeloglossum frog-orchid 1
Galearis galearis 1
Platanthera fringed-orchid 18
Cranichideae Goodyera rattlesnake-plantain 3
Spiranthes ladies'-tresses 14
Hypoxidaceae — — Hypoxis eastern yellow stargrass 1
Iridaceae Iridoideae Irideae Iris iris 10
Sisyrinchieae Sisyrinchium blue-eyed grass 7
Crocoideae Ixiae Crocus crocus 4
Asphodelaceae Hemerocallidoieae Hemerocallideae Hemerocallis daylily 2
Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allieae Allium garlic, onion, leek, chives 14
Amaryllidoideae Narcisseae Narcissus daffodil 4
Galantheae Galanthus snowdrop 2
Leucojum snowflake 1
Asparagaceae Scilloideae Ornithogaleae Ornithogalum star-of-Bethlehem 2
Hyacintheae Chionodoxa glory of the snow 1
Hyacinthoides English-bluebell 2
Muscari grape-hyacinth 1
Scilla squill 1
Agavoideae Agaveae Yucca Adam's needle 1
Hosta plantain lily 4
Camassia Atlantic camas 0
Asparagoideae — Asparagus asparagus 1
Nolinoideae Convallarieae Convallaria lily-of-the-valley 2
Polygonateae Maianthemum mayflower 4
Polygonatum Solomon's-seal 3

Order Dioscoreales

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The order Dioscoreales contains only a few taxa that are native or naturalized in New York.[1]

Family Nartheciaceae

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The Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon has also been placed in the order Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer, Novon 8: 176. 15 Jul 1998. It contains a single species that is native to New York.[2]
  1. ↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Dioscoreales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Dioscorealesweb.htm#Dioscoreales.
  2. ↑ Nartheciaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Aletris

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Aletris farinosa, white colicroot
Of the five colic-root (Aletris) species native to North America, only Aletris farinosa (white colicroot, unicorn root, or stargrass) is found as far north as New York State, where it is listed as a threatened native plant.
Dioscoreales — Nartheciaceae — Aletris
Genus Aletris Colic root N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Aletris farinosa  L.
 Unicorn root,
White colicroot,
White stargrass,
Mealy stargrass,
White-tubed colicroot,
Ague-root,
Crow-corn
Alétris farineux 		Native,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1][2][3]
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 2
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  2. ↑ Ring, Richard M. New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Albany, NY. Dec. 2022. 108 pp.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Aletris farinosa.. Accessed Jan. 11, 2024.

Narthecium

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Dioscoreales — Nartheciaceae — Narthecium
Genus Narthecium (excluded taxa) Asphodel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Ker Gawl.
1812. Narthecium americanum Ker Gawl.
1867. Narthecium ossifragum  var.  (Ker Gawl.) A. Gray
1894. Abama americana (Ker Gawl.) Morong
 Yellow asphodel,
Bog asphodel 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
FNA
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Family Dioscoreaceae

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The Dioscoreaceae (yam family).[1]

Dioscorea

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Dioscorea villosa
wild yam
  1. ↑ Dioscoreaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Dioscoreales — Dioscoreaceae — Dioscoreoideae — Dioscorea
Genus Dioscorea Yam N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Dioscorea villosa  L.
1791. Dioscorea quaternata  J.F.Gmel.
1803. Dioscorea paniculata  Michx. (i)
1833. Dioscorea glauca  Muhl. ex L.C.Beck (i)
1866. Merione villosa  (L.) Salisb.
1910. Dioscorea hirticaulis Bartlett
1964. Dioscorea villosa  var. hirticaulis  (Bartlett) H.E.Ahles
 Wild yam,
Yam root,
Wild yam root,
Colic root,
China root,
Yellow yam,
Four-leaved yam
Igname velue,
Dioscorée velue 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Vine 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-N
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 Turcz.
1837. Dioscorea polystachya  Turcz.
1865. Dioscorea decaisneana  Carriere
1854. Dioscorea batatas  Decne.
 auct. Dioscorea oppositifolia  non L.
 auct. Dioscorea opposita  non Thunb. (i)
 Chinese yam,
Cinnamon vine,
Air potato 		Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 78%[1] 		  NYFA: 6 counties
iNat: 6 counties
iMap: 5 counties
NYFA: X
iNat
USDA-X
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Dioscorea polystachya: High (78).

Order Liliales

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The Liliales...[1]
  1. ↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Liliales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Lilialesweb.htm#Liliales.

Family Melanthiaceae

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The Melanthiaceae (bunchflower family) contains eight genera (about 16 species) found outside of cultivation in New York State.[1]
Melanthiaceae
 
Melanthieae
 
 

Anticlea elegans (white death camas)

 
 

Stenanthium leimanthoides (pine barrens death camas)

 
 
 
 
 

Veratrum viride (false hellebore, Indian corn lily)

 
 
 

Veratrum virginicum (Virginia bunchflower)†

 
 

Veratrum hybridum (crisped bunchflower)†

 
 
 
 

Amianthium muscitoxicum (fly poison)†

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Heloniadeae—Helonias bullata (swamp pink)

 
 

Chionographideae—Chamaelirium luteum (fairywand, devil’s bit)

 
 
 

Parideaee—Trillium spp. (8 trilliums)

 
 
 


  1. ↑ Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. (2021) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe Melanthieae

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Tribe Melanthieae Grisebach
Anticlea
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Anticlea elegans
White death camas are threatened in New York State.
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Anticlea
Genus Anticlea Michx. Death camas N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Rydb.
var. glauca (Nutt.) Zomlefer & Judd
1818. Melanthium glaucum  Nutt.
1830. Leimanthium glaucum  (Nutt.) Schult. & Schult.f.
1834. Zigadenus glaucus  (Nutt.) Nutt.
1836. Evonyxis glaucus  (Nutt.) Raf.
1843. Anticlea glauca  (Nutt.) Kunth
1973. Zigadenus elegans  ssp. glaucus  (Nutt.) Hultén
1991. Zigadenus elegans  var. glaucus  (Nutt.) Preece ex Cronquist
2009. Anticlea elegans  var. glaucus  (Nutt.) Zomlefer & Judd
2010. Anticlea elegans  ssp. glaucus  (Nutt.) A.Haines
White death-camas,
Glaucous death camas,
Smooth camas,
White camas
Zigadène glauque 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened
FACW 		  Genesee, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Onondaga, St. Lawrence
NYFA: 2
USDA-NN
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Genus Anticlea Michx. (excluded taxa) Death camas N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Rydb
 var. elegans
1814. Zigadenus elegans Pursh
1903. Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb.
1903. Anticlea chlorantha (Richardson) Rydb.
1903. Anticlea coloradensis (Rydb.) Rydb.
1905. Zigadenus alpinus Blank.
 Mountain deathcamas,
Mountain death camas
Zigadène élégant 		N. America native,
excluded
FACW 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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Stenanthium
edit
The endangered pine barrens death camas (Stenanthium leimanthoides) is closely related to Stenanthium densum (Osceola’s plume, black snakeroot, crow poison). If lumped as conspecific, Stenanthium densum would probably have priority, since its basionym is Melanthium densum Desr. (1797).
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Stenanthium
Genus Stenanthium Featherbells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd
1837. Amianthium leimanthoides  A.Gray
1857. Zigadenus leimanthoides  (A.Gray) A.Gray
1903. Oceanorus leimanthoides  (A.Gray) Small
2002. Stenanthium leimanthoides  (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd
 Pine barren death-camas,
Pine barren deathcamas,
Death-camas 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  Nassau, Oneida, Richmond, Suffolk
NYFA: Z
USDA-N
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Genus Stenanthium (excluded taxa) Featherbells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd
1797. Melanthium densum  Desr.
1856. Zigadenus leimanthoides  A. Gray
1903. Tracyanthus angustifolius  (Michx.) Small
1940. Zigadenus densus  (Desr.) Fernald
2002. Stenanthium densum  (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd
 Osceola's plume,
Black snakeroot,
Crow poison 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
Go Botany-0
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 (Ker Gawl.) Morong
1813. Helonias graminea  Ker Gawl.
1894. Stenanthium gramineum  (Ker Gawl.) Morong
1879. Stenanthium robustum  S.Watson
1946. Stenanthium gramineum  var. micranthum  Fernald
1946. Stenanthium gramineum  var. robustum  (S. Watson) Fernald
 Eastern featherbells,
Feather-fleece 		N. America native,
No NY reports 		 
NYFA: 0
USDA-N0
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Veratrum sect. Veratrum
edit
 
Veratrum viride
American false-hellebore (Veratrum viride)
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Veratrum
Genus Veratrum False hellebore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Aiton
1789. Veratrum viride  Aiton
 American false-hellebore,
Green false-hellebore,
Indian poke,
American white-hellebore
Vérâtre vert,
Hellébore blanc,
Tabac du diable 		Native,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Veratrum sect. Fuscoveratrum
edit
 
Melanthium virginicum
Many sources treat the bunchflower species of Melanthium as part of Veratrum. Both of the New York bunchflowers are now presumed to be extirpated.
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Melanthium
Genus Veratrum sect. Fuscoveratrum Bunchflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) W.T.Aiton
1753. Melanthium virginicum L.
1813. Veratrum virginicum W.T.Aiton
1898. Melanthium dispersum Small
 Virginia bunchflower Native,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
DEC: Not listed
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  Nassau, Orange, Richmond, Rockland
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
FNA
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 (Walter) Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer
1788. Melanthium hybridum  Walter
1797. Melanthium latifolium  Desr.
1803. Melanthium racemosum  Michx.
1826. Leimanthium hybridum  Sweet
1843. Zigadenus hybridus  Endl. ex Kunth
1997. Veratrum latifolium  Zomlefer
2012. Veratrum hybridum  (Walter) Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer
 Crisped bunchflower,
Slender bunchflower 		Native,
Extirpated
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  Nassau, Orange, Queens, Westchester
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
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Amianthium
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Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Amianthium
Genus Amianthium Fly poison N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Walter) A.Gray
1788. Melanthium muscaetoxicum  Walter
1837. A. muscaetoxicum  (Walter) A.Gray
1883. Zigadenus muscitoxicum  (Walter) Regel
1891. Chrosperma muscitoxicum  (Walter) Kuntze
1891. Chrysosperma muscitoxicum  (Walter) Kuntze
 Fly-poison,
Fly poison,
Crow poison 		Native,
Likely extirpated 		  Nassau, Queens
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
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Tribe Heloniadeae

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Helonias
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Helonias bullata
swamp pink
Swamp-pink is considered to be extirpated from Staten Island, the only location in New York where it is thought to be native. However it is occasionally found in natural areas where it appears to have been planted.
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Heloniadeae — Helonias
Genus Helonias Helonias N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Helonias bullata  L.
 Swamp pink Native,
Extirpated
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Chionographideae

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Chamaelirium
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Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Chionographideae — Chamaelirium
Genus Chamaelirium Chamaelirium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) A.Gray
1753. Veratrum luteum  L.
1848. Chamaelirium luteum  (L.) A.Gray
 Devil's-bit,
Fairy-wand,
Rattlesnake-root,
Blazing-star 		Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
NYNHP: S1S2[1]
FACU 		 
NYFA: 1-2
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Chamaelirium luteum.

Tribe Parideae

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The tribe Parideae contains the genera Trillium (with 3 petals) and the Eurasian Paris (with more than 4 or more petals). Paris species are not listed as having naturalized in New York.
Trillium
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Trillium erectum
Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Parideae — Trillium
Genus Trillium Trillium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Trillium erectum  L.
1803. Trillium rhomboideum  Michx. superfl.
1803. Trillium rhomboideum  var. album  Michx.
1814. Trillium erectum  var. erectum  L.
1814. Trillium erectum  var. album  (Michx.) Pursh
1817. Trillium purpureum  Kin in Elliott
1903. Trillium album  (Michx.) Small
 Red trillium,
Wake robin,
Red wakerobin,
Stinking Benjamin,
Stinking Willie,
Birthwort
Trille rouge,
Trille dressé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Michx.) Salisb.
1803. Trillium rhomboideum  var. grandiflorum  Michx.
1805. Trillium grandiflorum  (Michx.) Salisb.
 White trillium,
Great white trillium,
White wake-robin,
Large-flowered trillium
Trille grandiflore 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
UPL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 Willd.
1801. Trillium undulatum  Willd.
1803. Trillium erythrocarpum  Michx.
1813. Trillium pictum  Pursh
1847. Trillium cleavelandicum  Alph.Wood
2018. Trillidium undulatum  (Willd.) Floden & E.E.Schill.
 Painted trillium,
Painted lady
Trille ondulé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Trillium cernuum  L.
1945. Trillium cernuum  var. typicum  Wherry (not validly publ.)
 Nodding trillium,
Whip-poor-will flower 		Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore 		 
NYFA: 3?
USDA-NN
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 Raf.
1840. Trillium flexipes  Raf.
1906. Trillium declinatum  (A. Gray) Gleason (nom. illeg. hom.)
1932. Trillium gleasonii  Fernald
Bent trillium ⓘ
Declined trillium ⓘ
Nodding trillium
Nodding wakerobin
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
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 L.
1753. Trillium sessile L.
 Sessile trillium,
Toad trillium,
Toadshade 		Native,
Endangered 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
NatureServe
BONAP
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 L.C.Beck
1826. Trillium recurvatum L.C.Beck
1913. Phyllantherum recurvatum (L.C.Beck) Nieuwl.
Prairie trillium ⓘ
N. America native,
Unk. naturalization 		 
NYFA: U
NYFA: 1 county
7 counties
USDA-N0
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 Riddell
1835. Trillium nivale Riddell
Snow wakerobin ⓘ
Snow trillium ⓘ
Dwarf white trillium ⓘ
Dwarf white wakerobin ⓘ
N. America native,
US Midwest native 		 
NYFA: 0
NYFA: 0 counties
Saratoga County
USDA-N0
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Wikispecies
Genus Trillium (excluded taxa) Trillium N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.C.Beck
1826. Trillium viride L.C.Beck
 Green trillium,
Wood trillium,
Wood wakerobin 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		  Illinois to Missouri
NYFA: U
USDA-N0
FNA
NatureServe
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 (Muhl.) Harb.
1813. Trillium sessile  var. luteum  Muhl.
1901. Trillium luteum  (Muhl.) Harb.
1952. Trillium viride  var. luteum  (Muhl.) Gleason
 Yellow wakerobin,
Yellow trillium,
Yellow toadshade,
Wax trillium 		N. America native,
US South native 		  Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee
NYFA: 0
USDA-NX
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Family Colchicaceae

edit
The Colchicaceae.[1]
  1. ↑ Colchicaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe Uvularieae

edit
Uvularia
edit
 
Uvularia sessilifolia
sessile-leaved bellwort
Uvularia, or bellwort, is a North American plant genus with five species, all of which grow wild in New York except for Florida bellwort (U. floridana). However, most of New York State is outside the range of Uvularia puberula, pine-barren bellwort, which may occur in only a few locations on Long Island, and is considered endangered in the state. A 2013 observation of Uvularia puberula was also reported from Rhododendron Swamp in the Mohonk Preserve.[1]

Note that both perfoliate bellwort (U. perfoliata) and large-flowered bellwort (U. grandiflora) have perfoliate leaves.

  1. ↑ Garretson A, Napoli M, Feldsine N, Long E, Huth P, Smiley D, Forester A, Pierce E, Smiley S, Thompson J (2021). Mohonk Preserve Historical Observational Biodiversity Data. Version 1.1. Mohonk Preserve. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/tckm2a accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-02-19. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3408334211
Liliales — Colchicaceae — Uvularieae — Uvularia
Genus Uvularia Bellwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Uvularia sessilifolia  L.
1879. Oakesia sessilifolia  (L.) S.Watson
1903. Oakesiella sessilifolia (L.) Small
 Sessile-leaved bellwort,
Sessileleaf bellwort,
Straw-lily,
Wild-oats
Uvulaire à feuilles sessiles,
Uvulaire petites-fleurs 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FACU-FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
iNat
GBIF
USDA-NN
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 Sm.
1804. Uvularia grandiflora  Sm.
 Largeflower bellwort
Large-flowered bellwort
Yellow bellwort
Great merrybells
Uvulaire à grandes fleurs
Uvulaire grandes-fleurs
Uvulaire grandiflore 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
N. R.
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Heliophily: 1 - Shade 		 
NYFA: 5
iNat:
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
FSUS
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 L.
1753. Uvularia perfoliata  L.
 Perfoliate bellwort,
Straw-bell
Uvulaire perfoliée 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
iNat
GBIF
USDA-NN
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1803. Uvularia puberula  Michx.
1879. Oakesia puberula  (Michx.) S.Watson
1903. Oakesiella puberula  (Michx.) Small
1939. Uvularia pudica  (Walter) Fernald
 Pine-barren bellwort,
Mountain bellwort,
Appalachian bellwort 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[2] 		 
NYFA: 1
NYFA: Suffolk (1925, 87)
iNat
GBIF
No NY observations
USDA-N0
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Uvularia puberula. Endangered, S1/G5.

Tribe Colchiceae

edit
Colchicum
edit
 
Colchicum autumnale
Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas, but has been reported as apparently-non-cultivated observations on iNaturalist, where it is shown as present in about eight counties. Interestingly, the genus Crocus, several species of which are also found in New York, is placed in the Iridaceae in order Asparagales.
Liliales — Colchicaceae — Colchiceae — Colchicum
Genus Colchicum Colchicum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Colchicum autumnale  L.
1768. Colchicum commune  Neck.
1813. Bulbocodium autumnale  (L.) Lapeyr.
 Autumn crocus,
Common autumn-crocus,
Meadow-saffron 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA: 0 counties
iNat: 8 counties
NYFA-Excluded
iNat
USDA-X0
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Family Smilacaceae

edit
Members he Smilacaceae (greenbrier or catbrier family) have leaves that are not typical of most monocots, in that their veins are reticulate (net-like) between major veins. Smilax is the only genus of this family found in the wild in New York State.[1]
  1. ↑ Smilacaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Smilax

edit
 
Smilax tamnoides (bristly greenbriar) flowers
Bristly greenbriar may have comprised the briar patch into which Brer Rabbit begged Brer Fox not to throw him.[1]
  1. ↑ Native Plant Trust - Go Botany (3.2), 2020
Liliales — Smilacaceae — Smilax
Genus Smilax Greenbrier N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Smilax herbacea  L.
1850. Coprosmanthus herbaceous  (L.) Kunth
1903. Nemexia herbacea  (L.) Small
 Carrion-flower,
Jacob’s-ladder,
Smooth carrionflower,
Smooth herbaceous
  greenbrier
Smilax herbacé 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-vine 		 
NYFA: 5
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 L.
1753. Smilax tamnoides  L.
1840. Smilax hispida  Raf.
1843. Smilax hispida  Muhl. ex Torr. (nom. illeg.)
1843. Smilax grandifolia Buckley
1933. Smilax hispida  var. australis  J.B.Norton
1936. Smilax regelii  Killip & C.V.Morton
1944. Smilax tamnoides  var. hispida  (Muhl. ex Torr.) Fernald in…
1944. Smilax hispida  var. montana  Coker in…
 Bristly greenbrier,
China-root,
Hispid greenbriar,
Halberdleaf greenbriar
Smilax hispide 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-vine 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Smilax rotundifolia L.
1753. Smilax caduca L.
1806. Smilax quadrangularis
1847. Smilax rotundifolia  var. quadrangularis  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Alph.Wood
 Roundleaf greenbrier,
Common greenbrier,
Common catbrier,
Horse-brier,
Bull-brier
Smilax à feuilles rondes 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure
Perennial,
Vine 		 
NYFA: 5
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 Walter
1788. Smilax glauca  Walter
1918. Smilax glauca  var. leurophylla  S.F.Blake
 White-leaved greenbrier,
Glaucous-leaved greenbrier,
Wild sarsaparilla,
Sawbrier,
Catbrier,
Cat greenbrier 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
Perennial,
Vine 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-N0
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 L.
1753. Smilax pseudo china  L.
1788. Smilax inermis  Walter
1803. Smilax tamnifolia  Michx.
1850. Coprosmanthus tamnifolius (Michx.) Kunth
1903. Nemexia tamnifolia  (Michx.) Small
1916. Smilax leptanthera  Pennell
 Coastal carrion-flower,
Bamboo vine,
False China-root 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[1]
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-vine 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
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 Michx.
1803. Smilax pulverulenta Michx.
1856. Smilax herbacea  var. pulverulenta  (Michx.) A.Gray
 Powdery carrion-flower,
Downy carrion-flower,
Jacob's-ladder 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[2]
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-vine
NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
Go Botany-0
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 Hook.
1840. Smilax lasioneura  Hook.
1850. Coprosmanthus lasioneuron  (Hook.) Kunth
1878. Smilax herbacea  var. lasioneura  (Hook.) A.DC.
1905. Nemexia lasioneura  (Hook.) Rydb.
 Midwestern carrion-flower,
Blue Ridge carrion-flower,
Hairy-nerved carrionflower,
Common carrionflower
Smilax à nervures
  pubescentes 		Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-vine 		 
NYFA: H?
USDA-NN
Go Botany-0
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  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pseudochina. Endangered, S1/G4G5.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pulverulenta. Endangered, S1/G4G5.

Family Liliaceae

edit
The Liliaceae (lily family).[1]
  1. ↑ Liliaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subfamily Streptopoideae

edit
The subfamily Streptopoideae Reveal (syn. Scoliopaceae Takhtajan) contains Streptopus, Scoliopus and Prosartes. [1]
  1. ↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since}.
Streptopus
edit
 
Streptopus lanceolatus
rose twisted-stalk
Two species of twisted-stalk (Streptopus) are found in New York. Rose twisted-stalk (S. lanceolatus) has sessile leaves that are not clasping, while white twisted-stalk (S. amplexifolius) has clasping leaves. The hybrid of these two species (Streptopus × oreopolus) was collected in Madison County in 2021.[1][2]
  1. ↑ Werier, David, Kyle Webster, Troy Weldy, Andrew Nelson, Richard Mitchell†, and Robert Ingalls†. 2022 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
  2. ↑ Michael Hough (2021). Streptopus × oreopolus (Twisted Stalk Hybrid) iNaturalist observation in Madison County, NY.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Calochortoideae — Streptopus
Genus Streptopus Michx. 1803 Twisted stalk N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Aiton) Reveal
1789. Uvularia lanceolata  Aiton
1803. Streptopus roseus  Michx.
1901. Streptopus curvipes  Vail
1906. Streptopus longipes  Fernald
1993. Streptopus lanceolatus  Reveal
 Rose twisted-stalk,
Rosy twisted-stalk,
Rose mandarin,
Rosybells,
Lance-leaved twistedstalk,
Sessile-leaved twistedstalk,
Simple-stemmed twistedstalk
Streptope rose 		Native,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (L.) DC.
1753. Uvularia amplexifolia  L.
1805. Streptopus amplexifolius  DC.
1906. Convallaria amplexifolia  E.H.L.Krause
1933. Tortipes amplexifolius  Small
 White twisted-stalk,
White mandarin,
Claspleaf twistedstalk,
Clasping-leaved twistedstalk,
Liverberry 		Native,
Likely secure 		 
NYFA: 4
USDA-MN
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 Fernald
  Streptopus amplexifolius ×
  Streptopus lanceolatus
1906. Streptopus oreopolus  Fernald
1935. Streptopus amplexifolius  var. oreopolus  Fassett
 Mountain-dwelling twisted stalk,
Twisted stalk hybrid,
Mandarin 		Native,
Unranked 		 
NYFA: U
NYFA: Madison (2021)
Madison (2021)
USDA-NN
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Prosartes
edit
 
Prosartes lanuginosa
hairy mandarin
Fairy bells (genus Prosartes) includes six North American species. Of these, only Prosartes lanuginosa is native to New York State.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Calochortoideae — Prosartes
Genus Prosartes Fairy bells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) D.Don
1803. Streptopus lanuginosus  Michx.
1839. Prosartes lanuginosa  (Michx.) D.Don
1884. Disporum lanuginosum  (Michx.) G. Nicholson
 Hairy mandarin,
Yellow fairybells,
Yellow mandarin,
Hairy Disporum 		Native,
Likely secure 		 
NYFA: 4?
USDA-NN
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Genus Prosartes (cultivated taxa) Fairy bells N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Buckley) A.Gray
1843. Streptopus maculatus  Buckley
1844. Prosartes maculata  A.Gray
1888. Disporum maculatum  Britton
1923. Disporum cahnae  Farwell
1935. Disporum schaffneri  Moldenke
 Yellow mandarin,
Nodding mandarin,
Spotted mandarin 		Introduced,
N. America native,
Not naturalized 		 
NYFA: cult.
NYFA: Not listed
No observations
USDA-N0
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Subfamily Medeoloideae

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Medeola
edit
 
Medeola virginiana
Indian-cucumber (genus Medeola) is now treated as containing the single eastern North American species Medeola virginiana.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Medeoloideae — Medeola
Genus Medeola Indian cucumber N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Medeola virginiana  L.
 Indian cucumber-root,
Indian cucumber
Médéole de Virginie,
Concombre sauvage,
Jarnotte 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACU-FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Clintonia
edit
 
Clintonia borealis
Liliales — Liliaceae — Medeoloideae — Clintonia
Genus Clintonia Blue bead N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Aiton) Raf.
1789. Dracaena borealis Aiton
1811. Smilacina borealis (Aiton) Ker Gawl.
1817. Convallaria borealis (Aiton) Poir.
1832. Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf.
1843. Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf. ex Torr.
 Bluebead,
Yellow blue-bead lily,
Yellow clintonia,
Corn-lily, Clinton lily,
Dogberry
Clintonie boréale,
Lis-boréal 		Native,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Michx.) Morong
1803. Convallaria umbellulata  Michx.
1894. Clintonia umbellulata  (Michx.) Morong
1931. Clintonia alleghaniensis Harned
1933. Xeniatrum umbellulatum  (Michx.) Small
White clintonia ⓘ
Speckled wood-lily ⓘ
Speckle wood-lily ⓘ
Clinton's lily
Native, CoC: 8,
Rare,
S2, G5 		  5 counties
NYFA: 3
iNat
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Subfamily Lilioideae

edit

Tribe Tulipeae

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Tulipa
edit
 
Tulipa sylvestris
Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Tulipeae — Tulipa
Genus Tulipa Tulip N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Tulipa sylvestris  L.
1837. Liriopogon sylvestre  (L.) Raf.
Tulip ⓘ
Wild tulip ⓘ
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 n. Africa,
Not naturalized,
 USGS: L48 established,
SNA
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  Cayuga (1961)
NYFA: X
GBIF
USDA-XW
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Tribe Lilieae

edit
The lilies (Lilieae), as circumscribed here, contain the trout lilies and the "true" lilies.
Erythronium
edit
 
Erythronium americanum
Of the about 24 Erythronium trout lily species native to North America, only Erythronium albidum and Erythronium americanum are found in New York.

The European Erythronium dens-canis is being tracked in New York, New Jersey, and Vermont,[1] and is occasionally cultivated. Specimens of Erythronium dens-canis exist from Richmond County Courthouse[2] and Coffin Woods Preserve in the Town of Oyster Bay (Long Island).[3]

  1. ↑ iMapInvasives New York Species Record for European trout lily (2012).
  2. ↑ Herbarium spcimen of Erythronium dens-canis L. (undated). Staten Island Museum (SIM)
  3. ↑ Herbarium spcimen of Erythronium dens-canis L. (2014). New York Botanical Garden, Steere Herbarium.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Lilieae — Erythronium
Genus Erythronium Fawn lily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Ker Gawl.
ssp. americanum
1808. Erythronium americanum  Ker Gawl.
 American trout-lily,
Yellow trout-lily,
Dogtooth violet 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure
UPL
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-
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 Nutt.
1818. Erythronium albidum  Nutt.
 White trout-lily,
White fawnlily 		Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Myrmecochore 		 
NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Erythronium dens-canis  L.
European trout lily ⓘ
Introduced from
 Europe,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 USGS: L48 established 		 
NYFA: not listed
iNat
GBIF
Nassau (2016)
Images
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Lilium
edit
 
Lilium canadense
"True" lilies are those of the genus Lilium and don't include daylilies, lilies of the valley, or other species with "lily" in their common names.
Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Lilieae — Lilium
Genus Lilium Lily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Lilium canadense L.
1796. Lilium pulchrum  Salisb.
1805. Lilium penduliflorum  Redouté
1813. Lilium canadense  var. coccineum  Pursh
1813. Lilium canadense  var. flavum  Pursh
1847. Lilium pendulum  Spae
1871. Lilium canadense  var. hartwegii  Baker
1875. Lilium canadense  var. rubroflavum  T.Moore
1875. Lilium canadense  var. rubrum  T.Moore
1890. Lilium canadense  f. rubrum  Britton
1915. Lilium peramoenum  Farw.
1935. Lilium michiganense  f. peramoenum  (Farw.) Stoker
1943. Lilium canadense  var. editorum  Fernald
1947. Lilium philadelphicum  ssp. editorum  (Fernald) Wherry
1956. Lilium canadense  f. peramoenum  (Farw.) B.Boivin & Cody
 Canada lily,
Canadian lily,
Wild yellow lily,
Yellow bell lily,
Red Canada lily
Lis du Canada 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Sun 		 
NYFA: 5
GBIF
USDA-NN
COL
Kew WCSP
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 L.
1762. Lilium philadelphicum L.
1813. Lilium andinum  Nutt. nom. nud.
1813. Lilium umbellatum  Pursh
1822. Lilium philadelphicum  var. andinum  Ker Gawl.
1895. Lilium philadelphicum  f. andinum  (Ker Gawl.) Voss
1981. Lilium philadelphicum  ssp. umbellatum  (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve
 Wood lily,
Philadelphia lily
Lis de Philadelphie 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure 		 
NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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 L.
1762. Lilium superbum  L.
1871. Lilium canadense  ssp. superbum  (L.) Baker
 Turk’s-cap lily Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure 		 
NYFA: 4
USDA-N0
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 Farw.
1915. Lilium michiganense  Farw.
1915. Lilium michiganense  var. uniflorum  Farw.
1956. Lilium canadense  ssp. michiganense  (Farw.) B.Boivin & Cody
1947. Lilium canadense  f. umbelliferum  (Farw.) Wherry
1967. Lilium canadense  var. umbelliferum  (Farw.) B.Boivin
 Michigan lily
Lis du Michigan 		Native, CoC: 7,
Endangered
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
Go Botany-0
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Lilium canadense × michiganense
  Lilium canadense ×
  Lilium michiganense
 Hybrid of
 Canada lily &
 Michigan lily
Hybride de
 Lis du Canada et de
 Lis du Michigan 		Native,
Unranked 		 
NYFA: U
Images
Wikispecies
 Thunb.
1794. Lilium lancifolium  Thunb.
1809. Lilium tigrinum  Ker Gawl. (i)
 Tiger lily,
Lance-leaved tiger lily
Lis tigré 		Introduced from
 China 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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