Flora of New York/Dioscoreales & Liliales

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The Dioscoreales, Liliales and Asparagales form an informal group of monocots (Lilianae), known as the "lilioid monocots."^[1]^[2]

monocots

Acorales

Alismatales

Dioscoreales

Nartheciaceae—Aletris farinosa (white colicroot, unicorn root)

Dioscoreaceae

	Dioscorea villosa (wild yam)

	Dioscorea polystachya (Chinese yam, cinnamon vine)

Liliales

Melanthiaceae

Melanthieae

	Anticlea elegans (white death camas)

	Stenanthium leimanthoides (pine barrens death camas)

Veratrum viride (false hellebore, Indian corn lily)

	Veratrum virginicum (Virginia bunchflower)†

	Veratrum hybridum (crisped bunchflower)†

Amianthium muscitoxicum (fly poison)†

	Heloniadeae—Helonias bullata (swamp pink)

	Chionographideae—Chamaelirium luteum (fairywand, devil’s bit)

Parideaee—Trillium spp. (8 trilliums)

Colchicaceae—Uvularieae—Uvularia spp. (4 bellworts)

	Smilacaceae—Smilax spp. (7 carrion flowers, greenbiers)

	Liliaceae

Asparagales

	Amaryllidaceae

	Asparagaceae

Poales

	Zingiberales

	Commelinales

alismatid
monocots

lilioid
monocots

commelinid
monocots

↑ APG IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
↑ Chase, Mark W; Reveal, James L (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 122–127, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x, http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/downloads/APG2.pdf

Superorder	Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	#
lilioid monocots	Dioscoreales	Nartheciaceae	—	—	Aletris	colic root	1
		Nartheciaceae	—	—	Narthecium	asphodel	X
		Dioscoreaceae	Dioscoreoideae	—	Dioscorea	yam	2
	Liliales	Colchicaceae	—	Uvularieae	Uvularia	bellwort	4
		Colchicaceae	—	Colchiceae	Colchium	autumn crocus	X
		Melanthiaceae	—	Melanthieae	Melanthium	bunchflower	2
					Veratrum	false hellebore	1
					Anticlea	death camas	1
					Amianthium	fly poison	1
					Stenanthium	featherbells	6
				Heloniadeae	Helonias	swamp pink	1
				Chionographideae	Chamaelirium	fairywand, devil's bit	1
				Parideae	Trillium	trillium, wake-robin	7
		Smilacaceae	—	—	Smilax	greenbrier	7
		Liliaceae	Calochortoideae	—	Streptopus	twisted stalk	2
			Calochortoideae	—	Prosartes	fairy bells	1
			Medeoloideae	—	Clintonia	bluebead	1
			Medeoloideae	—	Medeola	Indian cucumber	2
			Lilioideae	Tulipeae	Tulipa	wild tulip	1
				Lilieae	Erythronium	trout lily	2
				Lilieae	Lilium	lily	6
	Asparagales	Orchidaceae	Vanilloideae	Pogonieae	Pogonia	snakemouth orchid	3
			Vanilloideae	Pogonieae	Isotria	fiveleaf orchid	3
			Cypripedioideae	—	Cypripedium	lady's slipper	7
			Epidendroideae	Neottieae	Epipactis	helleborine	2
				Neottieae	Neottia	twayblade	4
				Triphoreae	Triphora	noddingcaps	1
				Arethuseae	Arethusa	dragon's mouth	2
				Malaxideae	Liparis	widelip-orchid	2
				Malaxideae	Malaxis	adder's-mouth-orchid	3
				Maxillarieae	Corallorhiza	coralroot	6
				Maxillarieae	Aplectrum	Adam and Eve	1
				Calypsoeae	Calypso	fairy slipper	1
				Calypsoeae	Tipularia	cranefly orchid	1
			Orchidoideae	Orchideae	Amerorchis	roundleaf orchis	1
					Coeloglossum	frog-orchid	1
					Galearis	galearis	1
					Platanthera	fringed-orchid	18
				Cranichideae	Goodyera	rattlesnake-plantain	3
				Cranichideae	Spiranthes	ladies'-tresses	14
		Hypoxidaceae	—	—	Hypoxis	eastern yellow stargrass	1
		Iridaceae	Iridoideae	Irideae	Iris	iris	10
			Iridoideae	Sisyrinchieae	Sisyrinchium	blue-eyed grass	7
			Crocoideae	Ixiae	Crocus	crocus	4
		Asphodelaceae	Hemerocallidoieae	Hemerocallideae	Hemerocallis	daylily	2
		Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Allieae	Allium	garlic, onion, leek, chives	14
			Amaryllidoideae	Narcisseae	Narcissus	daffodil	4
				Galantheae	Galanthus	snowdrop	2
				Galantheae	Leucojum	snowflake	1
		Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Ornithogaleae	Ornithogalum	star-of-Bethlehem	2
				Hyacintheae	Chionodoxa	glory of the snow	1
					Hyacinthoides	English-bluebell	2
					Muscari	grape-hyacinth	1
					Scilla	squill	1
			Agavoideae	Agaveae	Yucca	Adam's needle	1
					Hosta	plantain lily	4
					Camassia	Atlantic camas	0
			Asparagoideae	—	Asparagus	asparagus	1
			Nolinoideae	Convallarieae	Convallaria	lily-of-the-valley	2
				Polygonateae	Maianthemum	mayflower	4
				Polygonateae	Polygonatum	Solomon's-seal	3

Order DioscorealesEdit

The order Dioscoreales contains only a few taxa that are native or naturalized in New York.^[1]

Family NartheciaceaeEdit

The Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon has also been placed in the order Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer, Novon 8: 176. 15 Jul 1998. It contains a single species that is native to New York.^[2]

↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Dioscoreales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Dioscorealesweb.htm#Dioscoreales.
↑ Nartheciaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

AletrisEdit

Aletris farinosa, white colicroot

Of the five colic-root (Aletris) species native to North America, only Aletris farinosa (white colicroot, unicorn root, or stargrass) is found as far north as New York State, where it is listed as a threatened native plant.

Dioscoreales — Nartheciaceae — Aletris
Aletris	Colic root	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aletris farinosa L. 1753. Aletris farinosa L.	Unicorn root, White colicroot, White stargrass, Mealy stargrass, White-tubed colicroot, Ague-root, Crow-corn Alétris farineux	Native, Threatened, DEC-B^[1] FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.

NartheciumEdit

Dioscoreales — Nartheciaceae — Narthecium
Narthecium (excluded taxa)	Asphodel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Narthecium americanum Ker Gawl. 1812. Narthecium americanum Ker Gawl. 1867. N. ossifragum var. americanum 1894. Abama americana (Ker Gawl.) Morong	Yellow asphodel, Bog asphodel	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Family DioscoreaceaeEdit

The Dioscoreaceae (yam family).^[1]

DioscoreaEdit

Dioscorea villosa
wild yam

↑ Dioscoreaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Dioscoreales — Dioscoreaceae — Dioscoreoideae — Dioscorea
Dioscorea	Yam	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dioscorea villosa L. 1753. Dioscorea villosa L. 1791. D. quaternata J.F.Gmel. 1803. D. paniculata Michx. (i) 1833. D. glauca Muhl. ex L.C.Beck (i) 1866. Merione villosa (L.) Salisb. 1910. D. hirticaulis Bartlett 1964. D. villosa var. hirticaulis (Bartlett) H.E.Ahles	Wild yam, Yam root, Wild yam root, Colic root, China root, Yellow yam, Four-leaved yam Igname velue, Dioscorée velue	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FAC Perennial, Vine			NYFA-5 USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. auct. Dioscorea oppositifolia non L. auct. Dioscorea opposita non Thunb. (i) 1837. Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. 1865. Dioscorea decaisneana Carriere 1854. Dioscorea batatas Decne.	Chinese yam, Cinnamon vine, Air potato	Introduced from temperate Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 78%^[1]		NYFA: 6 counties iNat: 6 counties iMap: 5 counties	NYFA-X USDA-X Go Botany iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Dioscorea polystachya: High (78).

Order LilialesEdit

The Liliales...^[1]

↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Liliales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Lilialesweb.htm#Liliales.

Family MelanthiaceaeEdit

The Melanthiaceae (bunchflower family) contains eight genera (about 16 species) found outside of cultivation in New York State.^[1]

Melanthiaceae

Melanthieae

	Anticlea elegans (white death camas)

	Stenanthium leimanthoides (pine barrens death camas)

Veratrum viride (false hellebore, Indian corn lily)

	Veratrum virginicum (Virginia bunchflower)†

	Veratrum hybridum (crisped bunchflower)†

Amianthium muscitoxicum (fly poison)†

	Heloniadeae—Helonias bullata (swamp pink)

	Chionographideae—Chamaelirium luteum (fairywand, devil’s bit)

Parideaee—Trillium spp. (8 trilliums)

↑ Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. (2021) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe MelanthieaeEdit

Tribe Melanthieae Grisebach

AnticleaEdit

Anticlea elegans

White death camas are threatened in New York State.

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Anticlea
Anticlea Michx.	Death camas	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Zomlefer & Judd 1818. Melanthium glaucum Nutt. 1830. Leimanthium glaucum (Nutt.) Schult. & Schult.f. 1834. Zigadenus glaucus (Nutt.) Nutt. 1836. Evonyxis glaucus (Nutt.) Raf. 1843. Anticlea glauca (Nutt.) Kunth 1973. Z. elegans ssp. glaucus 1991. Z. elegans var. glaucus 2009. A. elegans var. glaucus 2010. A. elegans ssp. glaucus	White death-camas, Glaucous death camas, Smooth camas, White camas Zigadène glauque	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened FACW		Genesee, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Onondaga, St. Lawrence	NYFA-2 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Anticlea Michx. (excluded taxa)	Death camas	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb var. elegans 1814. Zigadenus elegans Pursh 1903. Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. 1903. A. chlorantha (Richardson) Rydb. 1903. A. coloradensis (Rydb.) Rydb. 1905. Z. alpinus Blank.	Mountain deathcamas, Mountain death camas Zigadène élégant	N. America native, excluded FACW			NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

StenanthiumEdit

The endangered pine barrens death camas (Stenanthium leimanthoides) is closely related to S. densum (Osceola’s plume, black snakeroot, crow poison). If lumped as conspecific, S. densum would probably have priority, since its basionym is Melanthium densum Desr. (1797).

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Stenanthium
Stenanthium	Featherbells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Stenanthium leimanthoides (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd 1837. Amianthium leimanthoides A.Gray 1857. Zigadenus leimanthoides (A.Gray) A.Gray 1903. Oceanorus leimanthoides (A.Gray) Small 2002. Stenanthium leimanthoides (A.Gray) Zomlefer & Judd	Pine barren death-camas, Pine barren deathcamas, Death-camas	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		Nassau, Oneida, Richmond, Suffolk	NYFA-Z USDA-N Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Stenanthium (excluded taxa)	Featherbells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Stenanthium densum (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd 1797. Melanthium densum Desr. 1856. Zigadenus leimanthoides A. Gray 1903. Tracyanthus angustifolius (Michx.) Small 1940. Z. densus (Desr.) Fernald 2002. S. densum (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd	Osceola's plume, Black snakeroot, Crow poison	N. America native, N.Y. excluded OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Stenanthium gramineum (Ker Gawl.) Morong 1813. Helonias graminea Ker Gawl. 1894. Stenanthium gramineum (Ker Gawl.) Morong 1879. S. robustum S.Watson 1946. S. gramineum var. micranthum 1946. S. gramineum var. robustum	Eastern featherbells, Feather-fleece	N. America native, No NY reports			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Veratrum sect. VeratrumEdit

Veratrum viride

American false-hellebore (Veratrum viride)

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Veratrum
Veratrum	False hellebore	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veratrum viride Aiton 1789. Veratrum viride Aiton	American false-hellebore, Green false-hellebore, Indian poke, American white-hellebore Vérâtre vert, Hellébore blanc, Tabac du diable	Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies

Veratrum sect. FuscoveratrumEdit

Melanthium virginicum

Many sources treat the bunchflower species of Melanthium as part of Veratrum. Both of the New York bunchflowers are now presumed to be extirpated.

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Melanthium
Veratrum sect. Fuscoveratrum	Bunchflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Veratrum virginicum (L.) W.T.Aiton 1753. Melanthium virginicum L. 1813. Veratrum virginicum W.T.Aiton 1898. Melanthium dispersum Small	Virginia bunchflower	Native, Endangered, No recent reports, DEC: Not listed FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		Nassau, Orange, Richmond, Rockland	NYFA-Z USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe Images Wikispecies
Veratrum hybridum (Walter) Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer 1788. Melanthium hybridum Walter 1797. Melanthium latifolium Desr. 1803. Melanthium racemosum Michx. 1826. Leimanthium hybridum Sweet 1843. Zigadenus hybridus Endl. ex Kunth 1997. Veratrum latifolium Zomlefer 2012. Veratrum hybridum Zimmerman, James Hall ex Zomlefer	Crisped bunchflower, Slender bunchflower	Native, Extirpated FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		Nassau, Orange, Queens, Westchester	NYFA-Z USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies

AmianthiumEdit

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae — Amianthium
Amianthium	Fly poison	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walter) A.Gray 1788. Melanthium muscaetoxicum Walter 1837. A. muscaetoxicum (Walter) A.Gray 1883. Zigadenus muscitoxicum (Walter) Regel 1891. Chrosperma muscitoxicum (Walter) Kuntze 1891. Chrysosperma muscitoxicum (Walter) Kuntze	Fly-poison, Flypoison, Crow poison	Native, Likely extirpated		Nassau, Queens	NYFA-Z USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Tribe HeloniadeaeEdit

HeloniasEdit

Helonias bullata
swamp pink

Swamp-pink is considered to be extirpated from Staten Island, the only location in New York where it is thought to be native. However it is occasionally found in natural areas where it appears to have been planted.

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Heloniadeae — Helonias
Helonias	Helonias	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Helonias bullata L. 1753. Helonias bullata L.	Swamp pink	Native, Extirpated OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Tribe ChionographideaeEdit

ChamaeliriumEdit

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Chionographideae — Chamaelirium
Chamaelirium	Chamaelirium	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chamaelirium luteum (L.) A.Gray (1848)	Devil's-bit, Fairy-wand, Rattlesnake-root, Blazing-star	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: S1S2^[1] FACU			NYFA-1-2 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Chamaelirium luteum.

Tribe ParideaeEdit

The tribe Parideae contains the genera Trillium (with 3 petals) and the Eurasian Paris (with more than 4 or more petals). Paris species are not listed as having naturalized in New York.

TrilliumEdit

Trillium erectum

Liliales — Melanthiaceae — Parideae — Trillium
Trillium	Trillium	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trillium erectum L. 1753. Trillium erectum L. 1803. Trillium rhomboideum Michx. superfl. 1803. Trillium rhomboideum var. album 1814. Trillium erectum var. erectum 1814. Trillium erectum var. album 1817. Trillium purpureum Kin in Elliott 1903. Trillium album (Michx.) Small	Red trillium, Wake robin, Red wakerobin, Stinking Benjamin, Stinking Willie, Birthwort Trille rouge, Trille dressé	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Myrmecochore			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. 1803. Trillium rhomboideum var. grandiflorum Michx. 1805. Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb.	White trillium, Great white trillium, White wake-robin, Large-flowered trillium Trille grandiflore	Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Myrmecochore			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Trillium undulatum Willd. (1801) T. erythrocarpum Michx.	Painted trillium, Painted lady Trille ondulé	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Myrmecochore			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Trillium cernuum L. (1753)	Nodding trillium, Whip-poor-will flower	Native, CoC: 8, Vulnerable FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Myrmecochore			NYFA-3? USDA-NN Go Botany FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Trillium flexipes Raf. 1840. Trillium flexipes Raf. 1906. T. declinatum (A. Gray) Gleason nom. illeg. hom. 1932. T. gleasonii Fernald	Bent trillium Declined trillium Nodding trillium Nodding wakerobin	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Trillium sessile L. (1753)	Sessile trillium, Toad trillium, Toadshade	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Trillium recurvatum L.C.Beck	Prairie trillium	N. America native, Unk. naturalization			NYFA-U USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Trillium (excluded taxa)	Trillium	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trillium viride L.C.Beck	Green trillium, Wood trillium, Wood wakerobin	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-U USDA-N0 FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harb. (1901) T. sessile var. luteum T. veride var. luteum	Yellow wakerobin, Yellow trillium, Yellow toadshade, Wax trillium	N. America native, US South native			NYFA-0 USDA-NX NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Trillium nivale Riddell	Snow wakerobin Snow trillium Dwarf white trillium Dwarf white wakerobin	N. America native, US Midwest native			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Family ColchicaceaeEdit

The Colchicaceae.^[1]

↑ Colchicaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe UvularieaeEdit

UvulariaEdit

Uvularia sessilifolia
sessile-leaved bellwort

Uvularia, or bellwort, is a North American plant genus with five species, all of which grow wild in New York except for Florida bellwort (U. floridana). However, most of New York State is outside the range of Uvularia puberula, pine-barren bellwort, which may occur in only a few locations on Long Island, and is considered endangered in the state. A 2013 observation of Uvularia puberula was also reported from Rhododendron Swamp in the Mohonk Preserve.^[1]

Note that both perfoliate bellwort (U. perfoliata) and large-flowered bellwort (U. grandiflora) have perfoliate leaves.

↑ Garretson A, Napoli M, Feldsine N, Long E, Huth P, Smiley D, Forester A, Pierce E, Smiley S, Thompson J (2021). Mohonk Preserve Historical Observational Biodiversity Data. Version 1.1. Mohonk Preserve. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/tckm2a accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-02-19. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3408334211

Liliales — Colchicaceae — Uvularieae — Uvularia
Uvularia	Bellwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Uvularia sessilifolia L. 1753. Uvularia sessilifolia L. 1879. Oakesia sessilifolia (L.) S.Watson 1903. Oakesiella sessilifolia (L.) Small	Sessile-leaved bellwort, Sessileleaf bellwort, Straw-lily, Wild-oats Uvulaire à feuilles sessiles, Uvulaire petites-fleurs	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Uvularia grandiflora Sm. 1804. Uvularia grandiflora Sm.	Largeflower bellwort, Large-flowered bellwort, Yellow bellwort Uvulaire à grandes fleurs, Uvulaire grandes-fleurs, Uvulaire grandiflore	Native, CoC: 8, Secure N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF Go Botany iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies
Uvularia perfoliata L. 1753. Uvularia perfoliata L.	Perfoliate bellwort, Straw-bell Uvulaire perfoliée	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Uvularia puberula Michx. 1803. Uvularia puberula Michx. 1879. Oakesia puberula (Michx.) S.Watson 1903. Oakesiella puberula (Michx.) Small 1939. Uvularia pudica (Walter) Fernald	Pine-barren bellwort, Mountain bellwort, Appalachian bellwort	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[2]		NYFA: Suffolk (1925, 87) iNat: No NY observations	NYFA-1 USDA-N0 GBIF Go Botany-0 iNaturalist FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Uvularia puberula. Endangered, S1/G5.

Tribe ColchiceaeEdit

ColchicumEdit

Colchicum autumnale

Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas, but has been reported as apparently-non-cultivated observations on iNaturalist, where it is shown as present in about eight counties. Interestingly, the genus Crocus, several species of which are also found in New York, is placed in the Iridaceae in order Asparagales.

Liliales — Colchicaceae — Colchiceae — Colchicum
Colchicum	Colchicum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Colchicum autumnale L. Colchicum autumnale L.	Autumn crocus, Common autumn-crocus, Meadow-saffron	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA: 0 counties iNat: 8 counties	NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 Go Botany iNaturalist ITIS Images Wikispecies

Family SmilacaceaeEdit

Members he Smilacaceae (greenbrier or catbrier family) have leaves that are not typical of most monocots, in that their veins are reticulate (net-like) between major veins. Smilax is the only genus of this family found in the wild in New York State.^[1]

↑ Smilacaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

SmilaxEdit

Smilax tamnoides (bristly greenbriar) flowers

Bristly greenbriar may have comprised the briar patch into which Brer Rabbit begged Brer Fox not to throw him.^[1]

↑ Native Plant Trust - Go Botany (3.2), 2020

Liliales — Smilacaceae — Smilax
Smilax	Greenbrier	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Smilax herbacea L. 1753. Smilax herbacea L. 1850. Coprosmanthus herbaceous (L.) Kunth 1903. Nemexia herbacea (L.) Small	Carrion-flower, Jacob’s-ladder, Smooth carrionflower, Smooth herbaceous greenbrier Smilax herbacé	Native, CoC: 5, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Smilax tamnoides L. 1753. Smilax tamnoides L. 1840. Smilax hispida Raf. 1843. Smilax hispida Muhl. ex Torr. (nom. illeg.) 1843. Smilax grandifolia Buckley 1933. Smilax hispida var. australis J.B.Norton 1936. Smilax regelii Killip & C.V.Morton 1944. Smilax tamnoides var. hispida (Muhl. ex Torr.) Fernald 1944. Smilax hispida var. montana Coker	Bristly greenbrier, China-root, Hispid greenbriar, Halberdleaf greenbriar Smilax hispide	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Smilax rotundifolia L. 1753. Smilax rotundifolia L. 1753. Smilax caduca L. 1806. Smilax quadrangularis 1847. Smilax rotundifolia var. quadrangularis (Muhl. ex Willd.) Alph.Wood	Roundleaf greenbrier, Common greenbrier, Common catbrier, Horse-brier, Bull-brier Smilax à feuilles rondes	Native, CoC: 4, Secure Perennial, Vine			NYFA-5 Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Smilax glauca Walter 1788. Smilax glauca Walter 1918. Smilax glauca var. leurophylla S.F.Blake	White-leaved greenbrier, Glaucous-leaved greenbrier, Wild sarsaparilla, Sawbrier, Catbrier, Cat greenbrier	Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Vine			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Smilax pseudochina L. 1753. Smilax pseudo china L. 1788. Smilax inermis Walter 1803. Smilax tamnifolia Michx. 1850. Coprosmanthus tamnifolius (Michx.) Kunth 1903. Nemexia tamnifolia (Michx.) Small 1916. Smilax leptanthera Pennell	Coastal carrion-flower, Bamboo vine, False China-root	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1] FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Smilax pulverulenta Michx. 1803. Smilax pulverulenta Michx. 1856. S. herbacea var. pulverulenta	Powdery carrion-flower, Downy carrion-flower, Jacob's-ladder	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2] FACU Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Smilax lasioneura Hook. 1840. Smilax lasioneura Hook. 1850. Coprosmanthus lasioneuron (Hook.) Kunth 1878. Smilax herbacea var. lasioneura (Hook.) A.DC. 1905. Nemexia lasioneura (Hook.) Rydb.	Midwestern carrion-flower, Blue Ridge carrion-flower, Hairy-nerved carrionflower, Common carrionflower Smilax à nervures pubescentes	Native, CoC: 10, No recent reports FAC Perennial, Herb-vine			NYFA-H? USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pseudochina. Endangered, S1/G4G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Smilax pulverulenta. Endangered, S1/G4G5.

Family LiliaceaeEdit

The Liliaceae (lily family).^[1]

↑ Liliaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subfamily StreptopoideaeEdit

The subfamily Streptopoideae Reveal (syn. Scoliopaceae Takhtajan) contains Streptopus, Scoliopus and Prosartes. ^[1]

↑ Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since}.

StreptopusEdit

Streptopus lanceolatus
rose twisted-stalk

Two species of twisted-stalk (Streptopus) are found in New York. Rose twisted-stalk (S. lanceolatus) has sessile leaves that are not clasping, while white twisted-stalk (S. amplexifolius) has clasping leaves. The hybrid of these two species (Streptopus × oreopolus) was collected in Madison County in 2021.^[1]^[2]

Liliales — Liliaceae — Calochortoideae — Streptopus
Streptopus Michx. 1803	Twisted stalk	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Streptopus lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal 1789. Uvularia lanceolata Aiton 1803. Streptopus roseus Michx. 1901. Streptopus curvipes Vail 1906. Streptopus longipes Fernald 1993. Streptopus lanceolatus Reveal	Rose twisted-stalk, Rosy twisted-stalk, Rose mandarin, Rosybells, Lance-leaved twistedstalk, Sessile-leaved twistedstalk, Simple-stemmed twistedstalk Streptope rose	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. 1753. Uvularia amplexifolia L. 1805. Streptopus amplexifolius DC. 1906. Convallaria amplexifolia E.H.L.Krause 1933. Tortipes amplexifolius Small	White twisted-stalk, White mandarin, Claspleaf twistedstalk, Clasping-leaved twistedstalk, Liverberry	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-MN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Streptopus × oreopolus Fernald Streptopus amplexifolius × Streptopus lanceolatus 1906. Streptopus oreopolus Fernald 1935. Streptopus amplexifolius var. oreopolus Fassett	Mountain-dwelling twisted stalk, Twisted stalk hybrid, Mandarin	Native, Unranked		NYFA: Madison (2021) iNat: Madison (2021)	NYFA-U USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies

ProsartesEdit

Prosartes lanuginosa
hairy mandarin

Fairy bells (genus Prosartes) includes six North American species. Of these, only Prosartes lanuginosa is native to New York State.

Liliales — Liliaceae — Calochortoideae — Prosartes
Prosartes	Fairy bells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D.Don 1803. Streptopus lanuginosus Michx. 1839. Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) D.Don 1884. Disporum lanuginosum (Michx.) G. Nicholson	Hairy mandarin, Yellow fairybells, Yellow mandarin, Hairy Disporum	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4? USDA-NN Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Prosartes (cultivated taxa)	Fairy bells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Prosartes maculata (Buckley) A.Gray 1843. Streptopus maculatus Buckley 1844. Prosartes maculata A.Gray 1888. Disporum maculatum Britton 1923. Disporum cahnae Farwell 1935. Disporum schaffneri Moldenke	Yellow mandarin, Nodding mandarin, Spotted mandarin	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized		NYFA: Not listed iNat: No observations	NYFA-cult. USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Subfamily MedeoloideaeEdit

MedeolaEdit

Medeola virginiana

Indian-cucumber (genus Medeola) is now treated as containing the single eastern North American species Medeola virginiana.

Liliales — Liliaceae — Medeoloideae — Medeola
Medeola	Indian cucumber	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Medeola virginiana L. 1753. Medeola virginiana L.	Indian cucumber-root, Indian cucumber Médéole de Virginie, Concombre sauvage, Jarnotte	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACU-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA FNA Images Wikispecies

ClintoniaEdit

Clintonia borealis

Liliales — Liliaceae — Medeoloideae — Clintonia
Clintonia	Blue bead	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf. 1789. Dracaena borealis Aiton 1811. Smilacina borealis (Aiton) Ker Gawl. 1817. Convallaria borealis (Aiton) Poir. 1832. Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf. 1843. Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Raf. ex Torr.	Bluebead, Yellow blue-bead lily, Yellow clintonia, Corn-lily, Clinton lily, Dogberry Clintonie boréale, Lis-boréal	Native, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Morong 1803. Convallaria umbellulata Michx. 1894. Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Morong Clintonia alleghaniensis Xeniatrum umbellulatum	White clintonia Speckled wood-lily Speckle wood-lily	Native, CoC: 8, Rare, S2, G5		5 counties	NYFA-3 USDA-NN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies

Subfamily LilioideaeEdit

Tribe TulipeaeEdit

TulipaEdit

Tulipa sylvestris

Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Tulipeae — Tulipa
Tulipa	Tulip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tulipa sylvestris L. 1753. Tulipa sylvestris L. 1837. Liriopogon sylvestre (L.) Raf.	Tulip Wild tulip	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Not naturalized, USGS: L48 established, SNA Perennial, Herb-forb		Cayuga (1961)	NYFA-X USDA-XW GBIF Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe LilieaeEdit

The lilies (Lilieae), as circumscribed here, contain the trout lilies and the "true" lilies.

ErythroniumEdit

Erythronium americanum

Of the about 24 Erythronium trout lily species native to North America, only Erythronium albidum and Erythronium americanum are found in New York.

The European Erythronium dens-canis is being tracked in New York, New Jersey, and Vermont,^[1] and is occasionally cultivated. Specimens of Erythronium dens-canis exist from Richmond County Courthouse^[2] and Coffin Woods Preserve in the Town of Oyster Bay (Long Island).^[3]

Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Lilieae — Erythronium
Erythronium	Fawn lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. ssp. americanum 1808. Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl.	American trout-lily, Yellow trout-lily, Dogtooth violet	Native, CoC: 5, Secure UPL Perennial, Herb-forb, Myrmecochore			NYFA-5 USDA- Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Erythronium albidum Nutt. 1818. Erythronium albidum Nutt.	White trout-lily, White fawnlily	Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Myrmecochore			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Erythronium dens-canis L. 1753. Erythronium dens-canis L.	European trout lily	Introduced from Europe, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, USGS: L48 established		NYFA: not listed iNat: Nassau (2016)	GBIF iNaturalist Images Wikispecies

LiliumEdit

Lilium canadense

"True" lilies are those of the genus Lilium and don't include daylilies, lilies of the valley, or other species with "lily" in their common names.

Liliales — Liliaceae — Lilioideae — Lilieae — Lilium
Lilium	Lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lilium canadense L. 1753. Lilium canadense L. 1796. Lilium pulchrum Salisb. 1805. Lilium penduliflorum Redouté 1813. Lilium canadense var. coccineum Pursh 1813. Lilium canadense var. flavum Pursh 1847. Lilium pendulum Spae 1871. Lilium canadense var. hartwegii Baker 1875. Lilium canadense var. rubroflavum T.Moore 1875. Lilium canadense var. rubrum T.Moore 1890. Lilium canadense fo. rubrum Britton 1915. Lilium peramoenum Farw. 1935. Lilium michiganense fo. peramoenum (Farw.) Stoker 1943. Lilium canadense var. editorum Fernald 1947. Lilium philadelphicum ssp. editorum (Fernald) Wherry 1956. Lilium canadense fo. peramoenum (Farw.) B.Boivin & Cody	Canada lily, Canadian lily, Wild yellow lily, Yellow bell lily, Red Canada lily Lis du Canada	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun			NYFA-5 USDA-NN COL GBIF Kew WCSP Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lilium philadelphicum L. 1762. Lilium philadelphicum L. 1813. Lilium andinum Nutt. nom. nud. 1813. Lilium umbellatum Pursh 1822. Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum Ker Gawl. 1895. Lilium philadelphicum fo. andinum (Ker Gawl.) Voss 1981. Lilium philadelphicum ssp. umbellatum (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve	Wood lily, Philadelphia lily Lis de Philadelphie	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Lilium superbum L. 1762. Lilium superbum L. 1871. L. canadense ssp. superbum	Turk’s-cap lily	Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lilium michiganense Farw. 1915. Lilium michiganense Farw. 1915. L. michiganense var. uniflorum 1956. L. canadense ssp. michiganense 1947. L. canadense fo. umbelliferum 1967. L. canadense var. umbelliferum	Michigan lily Lis du Michigan	Native, CoC: 7, Endangered FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lilium canadense × michiganense Lilium canadense × Lilium michiganense	Hybrid of Canada lily & Michigan lily Hybride de Lis du Canada et de Lis du Michigan	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U Images Wikispecies
Lilium lancifolium Thunb. 1794. Lilium lancifolium Thunb. 1809. Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawl. (i)	Tiger lily, Lance-leaved tiger lily Lis tigré	Introduced from China			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

[1] APG IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

[2] Chase, Mark W; Reveal, James L (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 122–127, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x, http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/downloads/APG2.pdf

[3] P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Dioscoreales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Dioscorealesweb.htm#Dioscoreales.

[4] Nartheciaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[DECB-5] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.

[6] Dioscoreaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[7] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Dioscorea polystachya: High (78).

[8] P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Liliales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Lilialesweb.htm#Liliales.

[9] Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. (2021) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[10] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Chamaelirium luteum.

[11] Colchicaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[12] Garretson A, Napoli M, Feldsine N, Long E, Huth P, Smiley D, Forester A, Pierce E, Smiley S, Thompson J (2021). Mohonk Preserve Historical Observational Biodiversity Data. Version 1.1. Mohonk Preserve. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/tckm2a accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-02-19. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3408334211

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