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Grammar · -uire verbs

-uire verbs are conjugated irregularly.

Formation

conduire  /kɔ̃.dɥiʁ/ (koh(n)-deweer)	to drive
je conduis /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh(n)-dewee)	I drive
tu conduis /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh(n)-dewee)	you drive
il conduit /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh(n)-dewee)	he drives
nous conduisons /kɔ̃.dɥi.zɔ̃/ (koh(n)-dewee-zoh(n))	we drive
vous conduisez /kɔ̃.dɥi.ze/ (koh(n)-dewee-zay)	you drive
ils conduisent /kɔ̃.dɥiz/ (koh(n)-deweez)	they drive
conduit /kɔ̃.dɥi/ (koh(n)-dewee)	driven

Supplementary vocabulary · Other -uire verbs

(upload audio)
produire	/pʁɔ.dɥiʁ/	to produce		Il a produit tant.	He produced so much.
traduire	/tʁa.dɥiʁ/	to translate		Il traduit le français en russe.	He translates french to russian.
réduire	/ʁedɥiʁ/	to reduce		Il réduit les faits en opinions.	He reduces facts to opinions.
réduire à	/ɾedɥiɾ a/	to reduce (someone) to		Je l'ai réduit à l'obéissance.	I reduced him to slavery.
réduire en	/ɾedɥiɾ ɑ̃/	to reduce (something) to		Il l'a réduit en cendres.	He reduced it to ashes.

Examples

(upload audio)
Il conduit la voiture.		He is driving the car.

Vocabulary · Driving

la voiture	the car		le camion	the truck
le trajet	the journey		accident de la route	road accident
la station d'essence	the petrol/gas station		la route	the road
loin	far		près	near

Grammar · Passé composé with être

Most verbs form the passé composé with avoir, however there are a small number of verbs that are always conjugated with être. In a general case, these verbs indicate a change in state or position.

List of verbs

(upload audio)
aller		go		Je suis allé au cinéma.	I went to the cinema.
venir		come		Je suis venu en France.	I came to France.
arriver		arrive		Le train est arrivé.	The train has arrived.
partir		leave		Elle est partie travailler.	She left to go to work.
rester		stay		Je suis resté à la maison.	I stayed (at) home.
retourner		return		Il est retourné au restaurant.	He returned to the restaurant.
tomber		fall		Je suis tombé dans la piscine.	I fell into the pool.
naître		be born		Je suis né en octobre.	I was born in October.
mourir		die		Il est mort en 1917.	He died in 1917.
passer		pass		Il est passé devant la maison.	He went past in front of the house.
monter		climb, go up		Je suis monté au sommet.	I climbed to the top.
descendre		go down		Il est descendu du train.	He got out of the train.
sortir		go out		Je suis sorti avec mes amies.	I went out with my friends.
entrer		enter		Je suis entré dans ma chambre.	I entered my room.
rentrer		come back		Il est rentré tôt de l'école.	He came back early from school.

The verbs that take être can be easily remembered by the acronym MRS. DR VANDERTRAMP:

M	R	S		D	R
monté	resté	sorti		devenu	revenu
V	A	N	D	E	R	T	R	A	M	P
venu	arrivé	né	descendu	entré	rentré	tombé	retourné	allé	mort	parti

Direct objects

These verbs take their conjugated avoir when they are immediately followed by a direct object

For Example,

Je suis descendu.

with the direct object mes bagages becomes

J'ai descendu mes bagages.

As another example,

Je suis monté.

with the direct object mes bagages becomes

J'ai monté mes bagages.

As another example, but with ils instead of je,

Ils sont sortis.

with direct object leur passeport becomes

Ils ont sorti leur passeport.

Subject-past participle agreement

When conjugating with être, the past participles of the above verbs must agree with the subject of a sentence in gender and number. Note that there is no agreement if these verbs are conjugated with avoir.

• If the subject is masculine singular, there is no change in the past participle.
• If the subject is feminine singular, an -e is added to the past participle.
• If the subject is masculine plural, an -s is added to the past participle.
• If the subject is feminine plural, an -es is added to the past participle.

Je suis allé(e).	Nous sommes allé(e)s.
Tu es allé(e).	Vous êtes allé(e)(s).
Il est allé.	Ils sont allés.
Elle est allée.	Elles sont allées.

Vocabulary · Trains and stations

la gare	the train station
le train	the train
conducteur de train	the train driver
le trajet	the journey
le quai	the platform

Grammar · The pronoun y

Indirect object pronoun - to it, to them

The French pronoun y is used to replace an object of a prepositional phrase introduced by à.

• Je réponds aux (à les) questions. - J'y réponds.
• I respond to the questions. - I respond to them.

Note that lui and leur, and not y, are used when the object refers to a person or people.

Replacement of places - there

The French pronoun y replaces a prepositional phrase referring to a place that begins with any preposition except de (for which en is used).

• Les hommes vont en France. - Les hommes y vont.
• The men go to France - The men go there.

Note that en, and not y is used when the preposition of the object is de.

Idioms

• Ça y est! - There we go!, There you have it.
• J'y suis! - I get it!

Supplementary grammar · -rir verbs

These verbs are conjugated irregularly, and normally follow the -er conjugation scheme. In past participle form, -ir is replaced with -ert for these verbs.

Formation

A common -rir verb is ouvrir:

ouvrir  /u.vʁiʁ/	to open
j'ouvre /uvʁ/	I open
tu ouvres /uvʁ/	you open
il ouvre /uvʁ/	he opens
nous ouvrons /u.vʁɔ̃/	we open
vous ouvrez /u.vʁe/	you open
ils ouvrent /uvʁ/	they open
ouvert  /u.vɛʁ/	opened

The noun ouverture^opening /u.vɛʁ.tyʁ/ is derived from ouvrir, and the adjective ouvert^open /u.vɛʁ/ is derived from its past participle.

Other standard -rir verbs

(upload audio)
couvrir	/kuvʁiʁ/	to cover, to cover up
découvrir	/de.ku.vʁiʁ/	to discover
offrir	/ɔ.fʁiʁ/	to offer
recouvrir	Fr-recouvrir.ogg	to cover again
rouvrir	Fr-rouvrir.ogg	to reopen, to open again
souffrir	/sufʀiʀ/	to suffer, to endure

-rir verb exceptions

To run · Courir

courir  /ku.ʁiʁ/	to run
je cours  /kuʁ/	I run
tu cours  /kuʁ/	you run
il court  /kuʁ/	he runs
nous courons /ku.ʁɔ̃/	we run
vous courez /ku.ʁe/	you run
ils courent /kuʁ/	they run
couru /ku.ʁy/	run

To die · Mourir

mourir  /mu.ʁiʁ/	to die
je meurs /kuʁ/	I die
tu meurs /kuʁ/	you die
il meurt /kuʁ/	he dies
nous mourons /ku.ʁɔ̃/	we die
vous mourez /ku.ʁe/	you die
ils meurent /kuʁ/	they die
mort  /mɔʁ/	died

¹Mourir is the only -ir verb that takes être as its helping verb in perfect tenses (and therefore agrees with the subject as a past participle in a perfect tense).

The word mort /mɔʁ/ is also used as a noun, meaning death or dead person, or as an adjective, meaning dead:

Le roi est mort. - The king is dead.

The derived word mourant /mu.ʁɑ̃/ means dying or person who is dying.

To acquire · Acquérir

acquérir  /a.ke.ʁiʁ/	to acquire
j'acquiers /a.kjɛʁ/	I acquire
tu acquiers /a.kjɛʁ/	you acquire
il acquiert /a.kjɛʁ/	he acquires
nous acquérons /a.ke.ʁɔ̃/	we acquire
vous acquérez /a.ke.ʁe/	you acquire
ils acquièrent /a.kjɛʁ/	they acquire
acquis  /a.ki/	acquired

Acquis is also a noun, meaning asset.

Examples

Exercises

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