# LaTeX/Counters

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Counters are an essential part of LaTeX: they allow you to control the numbering mechanism of everything (sections, lists, captions, etc.). To that end each counter stores an integer value in the range of long integer, i.e., from ${\displaystyle -2^{31}}$ to ${\displaystyle 2^{31}-1}$. [1]

## Counter manipulationEdit

In LaTeX it is fairly easy to create new counters and even counters that reset automatically when another counter is increased (think subsection in a section for example). With the command

 ```\newcounter{NameOfTheNewCounter} ```

you create a new counter that is automatically set to zero. If you want the counter to be reset to zero every time another counter is increased, use:

 ```\newcounter{NameOfTheNewCounter}[NameOfTheOtherCounter] ```

To increase the counter, either use

 ```\stepcounter{NameOfTheNewCounter} ```

or

 ```\refstepcounter{NameOfTheNewCounter} % used for labels and cross referencing ```

or

 ```\addtocounter{NameOfTheNewCounter}{number} ```

here the number can also be negative. For automatic resetting you need to use `\stepcounter`.

To set the counter value explicitly, use

 ```\setcounter{NameOfTheNewCounter}{number} ```

## Counter accessEdit

• `\theNameOfTheNewCounter` will print the formatted string related to the counter (note the "the" before the actual name of the counter).
• `\value{NameOfTheNewCounter}` will return the counter value which can be used by other counters or for calculations. It is not a formatted string, so it cannot be used in text.
• `\arabic{NameOfTheNewCounter}` will print the formatted counter using arabic numbers.

Note that `\arabic{NameOfTheNewCounter}` may be used as a value too, but not the others.

Strangely enough, LaTeX counters are not introduced by a backslash in any case, even with the `\the` command. plainTeX equivalents `\count` and `\newcounter\mycounter` do abide by the backslash rule.

## Counter styleEdit

Each counter also has a default format that dictates how it is displayed whenever LaTeX needs to print it. Such formats are specified using internal LaTeX commands:

Command Example
`\arabic` 1, 2, 3 ...
`\alph` a, b, c ...
`\Alph` A, B, C ...
`\roman` i, ii, iii ...
`\Roman` I, II, III ...
`\fnsymbol` Aimed at footnotes; prints a sequence of symbols.

## LaTeX default countersEdit

• part
• chapter
• section
• subsection
• subsubsection
• paragraph
• subparagraph
• page
• figure
• table
• footnote
• mpfootnote

For the enumerate environment:

• enumi
• enumii
• enumiii
• enumiv

For the eqnarray environment:

• equation

## Book with parts, sections, but no chaptersEdit

Here follows an example where we want to use parts and sections, but no chapters in the book class :

 ```\renewcommand{\thesection}{\thepart .\arabic{section}} \part{My Part} \section{My Section} \subsection{My Subsection} ```

## Custom enumerateEdit

See the List Structures chapter.

## Custom sectioningEdit

Here is an example for recreating something similar to a section and subsection counter that already exist in LaTeX:

 ```\newcounter{mysection} \newcounter{mysubsection}[mysection] \addtocounter{mysection}{2} % set them to some other numbers than 0 \addtocounter{mysubsection}{10} % same % \arabic{mysection}.\arabic{mysubsection} Blah blah \stepcounter{mysection} \arabic{mysection}.\arabic{mysubsection} Blah blah \stepcounter{mysubsection} \arabic{mysection}.\arabic{mysubsection} Blah blah \addtocounter{mysubsection}{25} \arabic{mysection}.\arabic{mysubsection} Blah blah and more blah blah ```

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