Flora of New York/Crossosomatales, Sapindales

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Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common species names	#
Crossosomatales	Staphyleaceae	—	—	Staphylea	bladdernut	1
Sapindales	Anacardiaceae	Anacardioideae	Rhoeae	Rhus	sumac	5
				Toxicodendron	poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac	4
				Cotinus	smoketree	2
	Sapindaceae	Hippocastanoideae	Acereae	Acer	maple	15
			Hippocastaneae	Aesculus	buckeye, horse chestnut	2
		Sapindoideae	Koelreuterieae	Koelreuteria	golden rain tree	1
			Paullinieae	Cardiospermum	balloon vine	1
	Simaroubaceae	—	Ailantheae	Ailanthus	tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac	1
	Rutaceae	Rutoideae	—	Ruta	rue	1
		Toddalioideae	—	Zanthoxylum	prickly ash	1
				Ptelea	hop tree	1
				Phellodendron	Amur cork tree	1
				Dictamnus	gas plant	1
	Meliaceae	Melioideae	Melieae	Melia	Chinaberry tree	1

Order Crossosomatales

The Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal (1993) is a small order that has a single native species in New York.

Family Staphyleaceae

The Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family) has been placed in Sapindales as recently as 1981 (Cronquist) and 1997 (Takhtajan). Only one species of this family is found in New York.

Staphylea

Crossosomatales — Staphyleaceae — Staphylea
Staphylea	Bladdernut	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Staphylea trifolia  L. 1753. Staphylea trifolia L. 1766. Staphylodendron trifoliatum Crantz	American bladdernut, Bladder nut Staphylier à trois folioles, Staphylier trifolié	Native, C:7, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Staphylea trifolia at MissouriPlants.com

Order Sapindales

The order Sapindales

Family Anacardiaceae

The Anacardiaceae (cashew or sumac family) ...

Subfamily Anacardioideae

Rhus

Rhus contains the sumac trees, which are all beneficial New York natives. However, the Chinese sumac or tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in the Simaroubaceae (quassia family, below) is a potentially invasive non-native.

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Rhus
Rhus	Sumac	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhus typhina  L. 1753. Datisca hirta L. (i) 1756. Rhus typhina L. 1847. Rhus typhina var. lacinata 1891. Toxicodendron typhinum Kuntze 1892. Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. (i) 1903. Schmaltzia hirta (L.) Small (i)	Staghorn sumac, Stag's-horn sumac, Velvet sumac, Vinegar tree Sumac vinaigrier, Sumac amaranthe, Vinaigrier	Native, C:1, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Rhus glabra  L. 1753. Rhus glabra L.	Smooth sumac	Native, C:3, Secure UPL Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT  ITIS BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Rhus copallinum  L. var. copallinum 1753. Rhus copallinum L.	Winged sumac	Native, C:7, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Tree, Shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Rhus copallinum  L. var. latifolia Engl. 1883. Rhus copallinum var. latifolia 1891. Toxicodendron copallinum var. latifolium	Broadleaf winged sumac	Native, C:7, No reports FACU-UPL Perennial, Tree, Shrub			NYFA-U USDA-NN BNA Images, wsp
Rhus aromatica  Aiton var. aromatica 1789. Rhus aromatica Aiton	Fragrant sumac	Native, C:7, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Rhus × borealis  Greene (pro sp.)   Rhus glabra ×   Rhus typhina 1901. Rhus glabra var. borealis 1906. Rhus borealis Greene 1908. Rhus pulvinata Greene	Northern sumac, Pulvinate sumac, Hybrid of  smooth sumac &  staghorn sumac	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2? USDA-NN Trop. Images, wsp
Rhus (excluded taxa)	Sumac	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhus aromatica var. arenaria 1905. Schmaltzia arenaria Greene 1937. Rhus trilobata var. arenaria 1940. S. trilobata var. arenaria 1941. R. aromatica var. arenaria 1945. R. arenaria (Greene) G.N.Jones	Fragrant sumac	N. America native  US midwest, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Trop. Images, wsp

Toxicodendron

Toxicodendron contains the native, but often unwelcome, poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac trio. All of these produce the resin urushiol which can cause severe skin and mucous-membrane irritation in those who have a sensitivity to it.

Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron

While both eastern poison-ivy (T. radicans) and western poison-ivy (T. rydbergii) are rhizomatous and may occur as low shrubs, only eastern poison-ivy has aerial roots, allowing it to also occur as a trailing or climbing liana. Eastern poison-ivy — In North America in general, T. radicans ssp. radicans occurs primarily east of the Appalachian Mountains and can be considered as a coastal taxon, while ssp. negundo occurs primarily west of the Appalachians. In New York, ssp. radicans occurs primarily in the southeast part of the state and up the Hudson Valley, while ssp. negundo occurs in the western and central parts of the state. Western poison-ivy — Toxicodendron rydbergii is closely related to eastern poison-ivy, and despite its morphological differences and lack of climbing ability, may still be considered a subspecies or variety of T. radicans.

T. radicans	Leaflets	Petioles	Drupes	Stems
ssp. radicans	fairly flat, underside glabrous except on main veins; tufts of hair on vein axils	glabrous	pubescent, scabrous, or papillose	may have aerial roots
ssp. negundo	fairly flat, underside softly pubescent	pubescent	usually glabrous	may have aerial roots
ssp. rydbergii	thicker, somewhat folded, underside glabrous to sparsely strigose, upper surface glabrous	glabrous	larger, glabrous	without aerial roots

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron
Toxicodendron Mill. sect. Toxicodendron	Poison ivy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. radicans 1753. Rhus radicans L. 1768. Toxicodendron vulgare Mill. 1891. Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze 1902. Rhus littoralis Mearns 1924. R. radicans var. littoralis Deam 1941. R. radicans var. malacotrichocarpa Fernald	Eastern poison ivy Herbe à puce de l'Est	Native, C:3, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. negundo (Greene) Gillis 1905. Toxicodendron negundo Greene 1971. T. radicans ssp. negundo 1990. T. radicans var. negundo	Midwestern poison ivy, Eastern poison ivy	Native, C:3, Unranked FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub			NYFA-U USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene 1900. Rhus rydbergii Small ex Rydb. 1905. Toxicodendron rydbergii Greene 1927. Rhus toxicodendron var. rydbergii Garrett 1939. Rhus radicans var. rydbergii 1961. T. radicans var. rydbergii 1981. Rhus radicans ssp. rydbergii 1982. T. radicans ssp. rydbergii	Western poison ivy, Rydberg's poison ivy, Northern poison oak Herbe à puce de Rydberg, Sumac de Rydberg	Native, C:4, Vulnerable FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Vine, Shrub, Subshrub			NYFA-3? USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Toxicodendron sect. Toxicodendron (excluded taxa)	Poison ivy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Toxicodendron pubescens  Mill. 1768. T. pubescens Mill.	Atlantic poison oak Eastern poison-oak	N. America native  southeast U.S., N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Toxicodendron sect. Venenata

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Toxicodendron sect. Venenata
Toxicodendron Mill. sect. Venenata	Poison sumac	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Toxicodendron vernix  (L.) Kuntze	Poison sumac	Native, Likely secure, Perennial, Shrub-tree			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT  ITIS Images, wsp

Cotinus

Sapindales — Anacardiaceae — Anacardioideae — Rhoeae — Cotinus
Cotinus	Smoke tree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cotinus coggygria  Scop. 1753. Rhus cotinus L. 1771. Cotinus coggygria Scop. 1891. Cotinus cotinus Sarg.	Smoketree, Smokebush, Venetian sumac, Wigtree	Introduced from  Eurasia			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS  Trop. Images, wsp
Cotinus obovatus  Raf. 1840. Cotinus obovatus Raf. 1849. Cotinus americanus Nutt. 1859. Rhus cotinoides Nutt. ex J.G.Cooper 1892. Rhus americana Sudw. 1894. Cotinus cotinoides Britton	American smoketree, Chittamwood	Introduced from  US South, N. America native, Cultivated in NY, Not naturalized Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NPT  ARS ITIS Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Family Sapindaceae

The Sapindaceae (soapberry family) ...

Subfamily Hippocastanoideae

Tribe Acereae

Acer

The genus Acer is represented by about fifteen native or naturalized species in New York. These species are here separated into sections following de Jong (2002). These sections are further organized into three tables corresponding to the three clusters (aceroid, palmatoid, and platanoid) described by Grimm et. al. (2006). Most Acer species go by the common name maple, and all have opposite leaves. Maples are represented by the initial letter 'M' in the mnemonic "MADCap Horse," which can be used to remember which trees have opposite leaves. The other opposite-leave trees represented are Ash, Dogwood, Caprifoliaceae, and Horse chestnut. Of course there are exceptions.

Aceroid sect. Acer

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) leaves, fruits, and flowers. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black maple (Acer nigrum) are often treated as conspecific, with black maple identified as a subspecies of sugar maple. There are significant morphological differences, but little genetic difference between the two trees, which commonly hybridize. So it's thought that the morphological differences may be more the result of local conditions. The range of black maple does not extend much farther east than New York, while sugar maple is common in both New England and the Mid-west. The Eurasian sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), also in the Acer section, is not common in New York, but it can become weedy and is now prohibited due to its demonstrated invasive potential.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Acer
Acer sect. Acer ser. Saccharodendron	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer saccharum  Marshall 1785. Acer saccharum Marshall	Sugar maple, Hard maple, Rock maple Érable à sucre, Érable franc, Érable franche	Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS  Images, wsp
Acer nigrum  F.Michx. 1812. Acer nigrum F.Michx. 1838. Acer saccharinum var. nigrum 1889. Acer saccharum var. nigrum 1933. Saccharodendron nigrum Small 1952. Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum 1983. Acer saccharum var. viride	Black maple, Black sugar maple Érable noir	Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS  Trop. Images, wsp
Acer nigrum × saccharum   Acer nigrum ×   Acer saccharum	Hybrid of  black maple &  sugar maple Hybride de  érable noir et de  érable à sucre	Native, Unranked			Can Images, wsp
Acer sect. Acer ser. Acer	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer pseudoplatanus  L. 1753. Acer pseudoplatanus L.	Sycamore maple, False planetree Érable sycomore	Introduced from  Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 71%, iMapInvasives, Prohibited, CP-5 NE-4			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can Images, wsp

Aceroid sect. Rubra

Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) and red maple (Acer rubrum) are also closely related and hybridize as Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii)

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Rubra
Acer sect. Rubra	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer saccharinum  L. 1753. Acer saccharinum L. 1789. Acer dasycarpum Ehrh. 1803. Acer eriocarpum Michx. 1881. Acer album hort. ex G. Nicholson 1933. Argentacer saccharinum Small	Silver maple, Soft maple, White maple, River maple Érable argenté, Érable blanc, Plaine blanche	Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Acer rubrum  L. var. rubrum 1753. Acer rubrum L.	Red maple, Scarlet maple, Soft maple, Swamp maple	Native, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Acer rubrum  L. var. trilobum Torr. & A.Gray ex K.Koch     Acer carolinianum     Rufacer carolinianum     Acer rubrum var. tridens	Trident red maple	Native, Vulnerable FACW-OBL Perennial, Tree			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT  ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Acer × freemanii  A.E.Murray   Acer rubrum ×   Acer saccharinum 1969. Acer × freemani A.E.Murray	Freeman maple, Freeman's maple, Soft maple	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Aceroid sect. Ginnala

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Ginnala
Acer sect. Ginnala	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer ginnala  Maxim. 1856. Acer ginnala Maxim. 1857. Acer tataricum var. laciniatum 1859. Acer tataricum var. ginnala 1890. Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala	Amur maple, Ginnala maple Érable du fleuve Amour	Introduced from  east Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 66%, iMapInvasives, CP-3 NE-4, WW			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT  ARS  Trop. Images, wsp

Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla

Acer buergerianum var. formosanum Section Pentaphylla contains two East Asian maples that are commonly cultivated in New York, but are not known to naturalize in the state.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Aceroid sect. Pentaphylla
Acer sect. Pentaphylla	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer buergerianum  Miq. 1865. Acer buergerianum Miq.  auct. Acer trifidum non Thunb. (1784)	Trident maple	Introduced from  China,  Taiwan, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-U USDA-00 ARS  Trop. Images, wsp
Acer griseum  (Franch.) Pax 1894. Acer nikoense var. griseum 1902. Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax	Paperbark maple, Chinese paperbark maple	Introduced from  China, Cultivated, Not naturalized			NYFA-U USDA-00 ARS  Trop. Images, wsp

Palmatoid sect. Negundo

Acer negundo Box-elder (Acer negundo) is a common, often weedy tree that may be native to only the south-central portion of New York State, in the vicinity of Binghamton and Ithaca. Elsewhere in the state it is considered to be introduced. Box-elder is considered to be introduced and invasive in parts of Canada. Boxelder is the only locally native or naturalized Acer species with compound leaves, which often superficially resemble poison ivy (Toxicodendron spp.)

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Negundo
Acer sect. Negundo	Boxelder maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer negundo  L. var. negundo 1753. Acer negundo L. 1794. Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench 1882. Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.	Box-elder, Manitoba maple, Ash-leaved maple Érable à Giguère, Érable négondo, Érable argilière	Native, C:1, Secure, Note FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS  Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Acer (excluded taxa)	Boxelder maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer negundo  L. var. violaceum (G.Kirchn.) H.Jaeger 1864. N. aceroides var. violaceum 1884. Acer negundo var. violaceum 1908. Acer violaceum Simonk. 1982. Negundo aceroides ssp. violaceus W.A.Weber	Box elder	Native, C:1, Unranked, Note: FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree			NYFA-? USDA-N0 NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Palmatoid sect. Spicata

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Spicata
Acer sect. Spicata	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer spicatum  Lam. 1771. Acer pensylvanicum Du Roi non L. 1784. Acer parviflorum Ehrh. non Franch. & Sav. 1786. Acer spicatum Lam. 1811. Acer montanum W.T.Aiton non Lam.	Mountain maple, Moose maple, White maple Érable à épis, Érable bâtard, Plaine bâtarde, Plaine bleue	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN NPT  ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Palmatoid sect. Palmata

Japanese maple, a popular ornamental tree has been found to naturalize in forest understories in the southeastern part of the state, and is considered invasive there.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Palmatoid sect. Palmata
Acer sect. Palmata	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer palmatum  Thunb. 1784. Acer palmatum Thunb. 1867. Acer sanguineum Carrière	Japanese maple	Introduced from  temperate Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 50%, iMapInvasives, NE-4 VT			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT  ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Platanoid sect. Macrantha

Acer pensylvanicum striped maple As the name suggests, the main stems of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum, the only New York native in sect. Macrantha) have vertical white stripes on green-to-brown bark.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Macrantha
Acer sect. Macrantha	Snakebark maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer pensylvanicum  L. 1753. Acer pensylvanicum L. 1755. Acer canadense Duhamel 1771. Acer striatum Du Roi	Striped maple, Green-striped maple, Moosewood, Whistlewood, Goosefoot maple, Pennsylvania maple Èrable de Pennsylvanie	Native, C:7, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub-tree, Part shade - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS  Trop. Images, wsp

Platanoid sect. Platanoidea

Acer platanoides Norway Maple Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is a widly-used street tree but has escaped cultivation near northeastern cities and has become a major threat to nearby forests and other habitats, where it can become the dominant tree and displace native vegetation.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Acereae — Acer – Platanoid sect. Platanoidea
Acer sect. Platanoidea	Maple	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acer platanoides  L.	Norway maple	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 82%, iMapInvasives, Regulated, CP-2 NE-1			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Acer campestre	Hedge maple, Field maple	Introduced, Moderately invasive, CP-3			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp
Acer truncatum  Bunge 1833. Acer truncatum Bunge     Acer platanoides var. truncatum	Painted maple, Shantung maple, Purple-blow maple	Introduced from  temperate Asia			NYFA-U ARS  Trop. Images, wsp

Tribe Hippocastaneae

Aesculus

The genus Aesculus is sometimes included in its own Hippocastanaceae (horse chestnut or buckeye family).

Aesculus sect. Aesculus

Aesculus hippocastanum horse chestnut Horse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocastanum) were introduced from Europe, and are not closely related to Castanea (chestnuts), which are in the Fagaceae with Quercus (oak) and Fagus (beech). The horse chestnut is on the Mid-Atlantic Exotic Pest Plant Council Plant List. Horse chestnuts are commonly planted in New York State. The New York Flora Atlas questions whether they truly naturalize or just repeatedly escape cultivation.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Aesculus
Aesculus sect. Aesculus	Horse chestnut	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aesculus hippocastanum	Horse chestnut	Introduced from  S.E. Europe, Potentially invasive, CP-5, WW			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT  NSE BNA Images, wsp

Aesculus sect. Pavia

Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Hippocastanoideae — Hippocastaneae — Aesculus sect. Pavia
Aesculus sect. Pavia	Buckeye	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aesculus glabra  Willd. var. glabra	Ohio buckeye	Introduced, Midwest native, CP-5			NYFA-X USDA-NN NPT  NSE BNA Images, wsp
Aesculus parviflora  Walter 1788. Aesculus parviflora Walter	Bottlebrush buckeye Pavier blanc	N. America native  US South, Not naturalized, Cultivated Perennial, Shrub-tree			NYFA-Xm USDA-N0 NEW-0 ARS  NSE BNA Images, wsp
Aesculus sect. Pavia (excluded taxa)	Buckeye	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aesculus pavia  L. 1753. Aesculus pavia L.	Red buckeye Pavier rouge	N. America native  US South, No specimens, Cultivated			NYFA-0 USDA-NX ARS  NSE BNA Images, wsp
Aesculus flava  Sol. 1778. Aesculus flava Sol. 1785. A. octandra Marshall	Yellow buckeye, Sweet buckeye, Big buckeye Marronnier jaune	N. America native  US South, No specimens, Cultivated Perennial, Shrub-tree			NYFA-0 USDA-N0 NEW-0 ARS  NSE BNA Images, wsp
Aesculus sect. (cross)	Cross-sect. hybrid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aesculus × carnea   Aesculus pavia ×   Aesculus hippocastanum	Red horsechestnut, Hybrid of  red buckeye &  horse chestnut	Introduced, No specimens, Cultivated Perennial, Tree			Images, wsp

Subfamily Sapindoideae

Tribe Koelreuterieae

Koelreuteria

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Koelreuterieae — Koelreuteria
Koelreuteria	Koelreuteria	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koelreuteria paniculata  Laxm.	Golden rain-tree	Introduced, Invasive in US South			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Tribe Paullinieae

Cardiospermum

Cardiospermum halicacabum balloon vine, heartseed Cardiospermum is a small genus of primarily tropical and subtropical herbaceous vines. C. halicacabum (balloon vine) is thought to be a neotropical native but has been cultivated as an ornamental as far north as New York State. Presumed garden escapes were collected in Queens and Warren counties around 1900, but the species is not thought to have naturalized in the state. Balloon vine is considered to be a noxious weed in more southern states, as far north as Missouri and Delaware, so it may be of concern in New York at some point.

Sapindales — Sapindaceae — Sapindoideae — Paullinieae — Cardiospermum
Cardiospermum	Balloonvine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (1753)	Balloon vine, Heartseed, Heart-pea, Love in a puff	Introduced, Not naturalized, Noxious US South			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT  ARS  BNA Images, wsp

Family Simaroubaceae

The Simaroubaceae (quassia family) is represented by a single species persisting outside of cultivation in New York.

Ailanthus

Ailanthus altissima tree-of-heaven Ailanthus contains probably no more that ten species, which are native to various parts of Asia and Australasia. Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a successful urban tree that was introduced to North America from China as early as 1751. It is now considered to be highly invasive in New York State and elsewhere outside its native range.

Sapindales — Simaroubaceae — Ailantheae — Ailanthus
Ailanthus Desf.	Ailanthus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (1916) Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.	Tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac, Varnish-tree, Copa-tree Vernis de la Chine	Introduced from  temperate China, Highly invasive, NYIS: 68%, iMapInvasives, CP-2 NE-1			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT  ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Family Rutaceae

The Rutaceae (rue or citrus family) ...

Subfamily Rutoideae

Ruta

Ruta graveolens rue Rue (Ruta graveolens) is cultivated as a ornamental, culinary, and medicinal herb, and its few discoveries in the wilds of New York are not thought to have naturalized.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Rutoideae — Ruta
Ruta	Rue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ruta graveolens  L. 1753. Ruta graveolens L. 1770. Ruta hortensis Mill.	Rue, Common rue, Garden rue, Herb-of-grace Rue des jardins, Rue officinale, Rue fétide	Introduced from  Europe, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Subfamily Toddalioideae

The foliage of the two New York native members of this subfamily, prickly-ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) and wafer-ash (Ptelea trifoliata), are important food for giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) caterpillars.

Zanthoxylum

Zanthoxylum americanum prickly ash

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Zanthoxylum
Zanthoxylum	Pricklyash	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Zanthoxylum americanum  Mill. 1768. Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. 1806. Zanthoxylum fraxinifolium Willd. 1830. Thylax fraxineum Raf.	Northern prickly-ash, Common prickly-ash, Toothachetree Clavalier d'Amérique, Frêne épineux	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Ptelea

Ptelea trifoliata wafer ash In New York State, the hoptree or wafer-ash is considered to be native near the shores of Lake Erie and western Lake Ontario. Elsewhere in the state, naturalized populations are probably escapes from cultivation.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Ptelea
Ptelea	Hoptree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ptelea trifoliata  L. ssp. trifoliata 1753. Ptelea trifoliata L. 1838. Ptelea baldwinii Torr. & A.Gray 2001. Ptelea trifoliata var. baldwinii	Common hoptree, Wafer-ash, Stinking ash, Three-leaved hop tree Ptéléa trifolié, Orme de Samarie	Native, C:8, Endangered FAC-FACU Perennial, Tree, Sun-shade			NYFA-1-2 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Phellodendron

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Phellodendron
Phellodendron	Corktree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phellodendron amurense  Rupr. 1857. Phellodendron amurense Rupr. 1871. Phellodendron japonicum Maxim. 1905. Phellodendron sachalinense Sarg. 1909. Phellodendron lavallei Dode	Amur corktree, Chinese corktree Phellodendron de l'Amour, Arbre liège de Chine, Phellodendron de Sibérie	Introduced from  temperate Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 75%, Prohibited			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Dictamnus

The gasplant gets its name from the volatile citrus-scented oil produced by its leaves.

Sapindales — Rutaceae — Toddalioideae — Dictamnus
Dictamnus	Dictamnus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dictamnus albus  L. 1753. Dictamnus albus L. 1805. Dictamnus fraxinellus Pers. 1840. Dictamnus fraxinellus var. caucasicus Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1932. Dictamnus caucasicus Grossh.	Gasplant, Dittany, Burningbush	Introduced from  Eurasia, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NPT  ARS  Images, wsp

Family Meliaceae

The Meliaceae (mahogany family)...

Subfamily Melioideae

Tribe Melieae

Melia

Sapindales — Meliacea — Melioideae — Melieae
Melia	Melia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Melia azedarach	Chinaberry tree	Introduced, No specimens			NYFA-X USDA-X Images, wsp

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