Flora of New York/Malvales

← Crossosomatales, Sapindales	Flora of New York — Malvales				→ Brassicales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The order Malvales ...

Family Thymelaeaceae

The Thymelaeaceae (family)...

Subfamily Thymelaeoideae

Tribe Thymelaeeae

Dirca

Malvales — Thymelaeaceae — Thymelaeoideae — Thymelaeeae — Dirca
Genus Dirca	Leatherwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dirca palustris L. 1753. Dirca palustris L. 1995. Dirca mexicana G.L.Nesom & Mayfield 2009. Dirca decipiens Floden	Eastern leatherwood, Wicopy, Moosewood, Ropebark Dirca des marais, Bois de plomb, Dircé bois-de-plomb, Dircée des marais	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FAC Perennial, Shrub, Part shade - shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Daphne

Daphne mezereum
February daphne

Malvales — Thymelaeaceae — Thymelaeoideae — Thymelaeeae — Daphne
Genus Daphne	Daphne	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Daphne mezereum L. 1753. Daphne mezereum L. 1772. Thymelaea mezereum (L.) Scop. 1792. Thymelaea praecox Gilib. inval. 1804. Daphne albiflora J.W.Wolf 1843. Mezereum officinarum C.A.Mey. 1851. Daphne × houtteana Lindl.& Paxton	February daphne, Mezereon, Mezer’s daphne, Paradise plant, Spurge laurel, Lady laurel Bois joli, Bois gentil, Daphné mézéréon	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Notes:,^[1]^[2] FACU Perennial, Shrub, subshrub		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ Daphne mezereum has invaded moist forests in S. Ontario "Invasive Exotic Species Ranking for Southern Ontario," Urban Forest Associates Inc., 2002 ↑ All parts of Daphne mezereum are toxic if eaten, and contact with the sap can cause skin irritation."Go Botany" New England Wild Flower Society 2011-2016, Daphne mezereum Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, 2014

Family Cistaceae

The Cistaceae (rock-rose family) in New York contains 4 genera with a total of 14 accepted taxa.^[1]

Crocanthemum (frostweed) with 4 taxa,
Helianthemum (frostweed) with 1 taxon,
Hudsonia (goldenheather) with 2 taxa,
Lechea (pinweed) with 7 taxa.

↑ Cistaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Lechea

The genus Lechea is based primarily in eastern North America and contains about 18 species referred to as "pinweeds," of which seven sepecies (nine taxa) have been reported in New York. Most are low-growing herbs with narrow leaves and may small flowers that resemble pinheads.^[1]

Linneaus named the genus Lechea for Swedish botanist Johan Leche (1704–1764), who taught in Finland and is regarded as the father of Finnish meteorology and space research, based on his documentation of the northern lights and early measurements of air temperature in collaboration with Anders Celsius.^[2]

Malvales — Cistaceae — Lechea
Genus Lechea	Pinweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lechea intermedia Legg. ex Britton 1888. Lechea leggettiivar. intermedia (i) 1894. L. intermedia Legg. ex Britton 1938. L. intermediavar. laurentiana	Intermediate pinweed, Largepod pinweed, Large-podded pinweed, Round-fruit pinweed, Narrow-leaved pinweed, Laurentian pinweed Léchéa intermédiaire, Léchéa de la vallée du Saint-Laurent	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lechea mucronata Raf. 1814. Lechea mucronata Raf. 1816. Lechea villosa Elliott 1903. L. majorvar. villosa Grosser 1966. L. minorvar. villosa B.Boivin auct. Lechea stricta non Legg. ex Britt.	Hairy pinweed Léchéa velu	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lechea maritima Legg. ex Britton var. maritima 1881. Lechea maritima Legg. ex Britton 1890. Lechea minorvar. maritima A.Gray	Beach pinweed	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Lechea minor L. 1753. Lechea minor L. 1803. Lechea thymifolia Michx.	Thymeleaf pinweed, Thyme-leaved pinweed, Small pinweed Léchéa mineur, Léchéa mineure	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN IPN Images Wikispecies
Lechea racemulosa Lam. 1803. Lechea racemulosa Lam. 1843. Lechea minorvar. gracilis Torr.	Illinois pinweed	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Lechea pulchella Raf. 1836. Lechea pulchella Raf. 1894. L. leggettii Britton & Hollick 1938. L. leggettiivar. moniliformis 1978. L. pulchellavar. moniliformis	Leggett's pinweed, Bead pinweed, Pinweed	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3?	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Lechea tenuifolia Michx.	Narrowleaf pinweed, Slender pinweed	Native, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[1]		NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Lechea (excluded taxa)	Pinweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lechea stricta Leggett ex Britton Lechea stricta Leggett ex Britton	Prairie pinweed ⓘ	N. America native Midwest, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Lechea tenuifolia. Threatened, S2/G5.

Hudsonia

Malvales — Cistaceae — Hudsonia
Genus Hudsonia	Goldenheather	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt.	Sand-heather, Sand false-heather, Woolly beachheather, False heather, Woolly Hudsonia Hudsonie tomenteuse	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Hudsonia ericoides L.	False heather, Golden heather, Pine barren goldenheather, Pine-barren false heather	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Crocanthemum

Malvales — Cistaceae — Crocanthemum
Genus Crocanthemum Spach	New-world frostweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	4 NPT
Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britton 1753. Cistus canadensis L. 1803. Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. 1888. Helianthemum major (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1903. Halimium canadense (L.) Grosser 1913. Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britton	Long-branched frostweed, Common frostweed, Canada frostweed, Canada sun-rose, Rock-rose, Frostwort Hélianthème du Canada, Crocanthème du Canada	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Crocanthemum bicknellii (Fernald) Janch. 1890. Helianthemum canadensevar. walkerae 1913. Crocanthemum majus (L.) Britton 1919. Helianthemum bicknellii Fernald 1925. Crocanthemum bicknellii (Fernald) Janch. 1927. Helianthemum walkerae Lyon,Jr.,M.W.	Hoary frostweed, Bicknell's frostweed, Bicknell's hoary frostweed, Plains frostweed Hélianthème de Bicknell, Crocanthème de Bicknell	Native, CoC: 6, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Crocanthemum propinquum E.P.Bicknell 1905. Helianthemum propinquum E.P. Bicknell 1913. Crocanthemum propinquum (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell	Low frostweed, Early frostweed	Native, CoC: 6, Threatened, NYNHP: 2-3^[1]		NYFA: 2-3	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Crocanthemum dumosum E.P.Bicknell 1913. Crocanthemum dumosum E.P.Bicknell 1917. Helianthemum dumosum (E.P.Bicknell) Fernald	Bushy frostweed, Bush rockrose, Bushy rockrose	Native, CoC: 0, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[2]		NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Crocanthemum propinquum. Threatened, S2S3/G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Crocanthemum dumosum. Threatened, S2/G3.

Helianthemum

Malvales — Cistaceae — Helianthemum
Genus Helianthemum Mill.	Old-world frostweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill. 1753. Cistus salicifolius L. 1768. H. salicifolium (L.) Mill.	Willow-leaved frostweed, Willowleaf frostweed, Frostweed	Introduced, Impersistent, Not Naturalized Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-X0 ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Family Malvaceae

The circumscription used here for the Malvaceae (mallow family) is based on that presented by Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.^[1]

↑ "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website". Retrieved 31 July 2014.

Subfamily Byttnerioideae

The Byttnerioideae (subfamily)

Tribe Hermannieae

Melochia

Melochia corchorifolia

Malvales — Malvaceae — Byttnerioideae — Hermannieae — Melochia
Genus Melochia	Melochia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Melochia corchorifolia L.	Chocolate-weed	Introduced, Not Naturalized, 1986 checklist^[1]		NYFA: X NYFA: Richmmond (1917) 0 counties	USDA-X0 ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ R.S.Mitchell, ed. (1986). A checklist of New York State plants. Contributions of a Flora of New York State, Checklist III. New York State Bulletin No. 458. New York State Museum, Albany.

Subfamily Sterculioideae

Firmiana

Firmiana simplex

Malvales — Malvaceae — Tilioideae — Tilieae — — Tilia
Genus Firmiana	{{{2}}}	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	{{{4}}} NPT
Firmiana simplex W.Wight 1763. Hibiscus simplex L. 1909. Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight	Chinese parasol tree ⓘ	Introduced, Potentially invasive		NYFA: 0 counties iNat GBIF 2 counties	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Tilioideae

The Tilioideae (subfamily)...^[1]

Tribe Tilieae

Tilia

Tilia americana
American basswood

↑ Malvaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Malvales — Malvaceae — Tilioideae — Tilieae — Tilia
Genus Tilia	Basswood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tilia americana L. var. americana 1753. Tilia americana L. 1800. Tilia glabra Vent. nom. superfl. 1834. Tilia neglecta Spach 1834. Tilia truncata Spach 1918. Tilia venulosa Sarg. 1939. Tilia palmeri F.C.Gates 1955. Tilia americanavar. neglecta Fosberg	American basswood, American linden, White basswood, Whitewood Tilleul d'Amérique, Bois blanc, Tilleul glabre	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loudon 1800. Tilia heterophylla Vent. 1838. T. americanavar. heterophylla Loudon 1846. Tilia michauxii Nutt. 1902. Tilia eburnea Ashe 1918. Tilia lasioclada Sarg. 1918. Tilia monticola Sarg.	American basswood, American linden, White basswood, Beetree Tilleul d'Amérique, Bois blanc, Tilleul glabre	Native, No recent reports, Endangered		NYFA: Z	USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: ,^[1]^[2]
Tilia cordata Mill.	Littleeaf linden, Little-leaved linden, Small-leaved lime	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Tilia tomentosa 1785. Tilia tomentosa Moench 1813. Tilia argentea Desf. ex DC. 1824. Tilia petiolaris DC. 1973. Tilia tomentosa ssp. petiolaris (DC.) Soó	Silver lime ⓘ Pendant silver linden ⓘ Hungarian silver linden ⓘ Silver linden ⓘ Tilleul argenté ⓘ Tilleul de Hongrie ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, few observations		NYFA: 0 counties New York (2020)	USDA- ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ VASCAN, citing FNA Editorial Committee. in prep. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 6: Magnoliophyta: Cucurbitaceae to Droseraceae. Oxford University Press, New York., treats Tilia americana var. heterophylla as a synonym of Tilia americana ↑ Hickok, L. G., and J. C. Anway. 1972. A morphological and chemical analysis of geographical variation in Tilia L. of eastern North America. Brittonia 24:2-8. suggests that "no apparent morphological discontinuities between populations were found to justify delimitation at the species level"

Subfamily Malvoideae

The Malvoideae (subfamily)...

Tribe Hibisceae

Hibiscus

Hibiscus moscheutos

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malvoideae — Hibisceae — Hibiscus
Genus Hibiscus	Rosemallow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hibiscus moscheutos L. ssp. moscheutos 1753. Hibiscus moscheutos L. 1753. Hibiscus palustris L. 1830. Hibiscus moscheutos var. purpurescens Sweet 1949. Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. palustris R.T.Clausen	Swamp rosemallow, Crimsoneyed rosemallow, Marsh mallow, Sea hollyhock Ketmie des marais	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Hibiscus laevis All. 1773. Hibiscus laevis All. 1788. Hibiscus militaris Cav. 1900. Hibiscus coccineusvar. virginicus Hochr.	Halberdleaf rosemallow, Smooth rose-mallow, Scarlet rose-mallow Ketmie lisse	Native, Extirpated		NYFA: 1 NYFA: Bronx (1990) Only cultivated	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Hibiscus trionum L. 1753. Hibiscus trionum L. 1838. H. collinsianus Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray 1915. Trionum trionum Wooton & Standl.	Flower-of-an-hour, Venice mallow	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe Images Wikispecies
Hibiscus syriacus L. 1753. Hibiscus syriacus L. 1772. Ketmia syriaca (L.) Scop. 1787. Ketmia syrorum Medik. superfl. 1787. Hibiscus rhombifolius Cav. 1796. Hibiscus floridus Salisb. superfl. 1805. Hibiscus acerifolius Salisb. superfl.	Rose of Sharon, Shrub-althea, Shrubby rose-mallow Hibiscus de Syrie	Introduced from Asia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ NYFA did not originally list Hibiscus laevis, but USDA-NRCS shows it as native to eastern US and Ontario, with NY inside the northeast edge of the US range. It references a report in the 1991 Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. A subsequent 2004 article in that Bulletin, The historical and extant vascular flora of Pelham Bay Park, Bronx County, New York 1947-1981 notes the 1991 discovery, but states that it was extirpaed the next year due to repeated mowing.

Talipariti

Talipariti tiliaceum

Some sources still include sea hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum) in genus Hibiscus.

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malvoideae — Hibisceae — Talipariti
Genus Talipariti	Sea hibiscus	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell 1753. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. 2001. Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell	Sea hibiscus ⓘ Sea rosemallow Beach hibiscus ⓘ Cottontree ⓘ Hawaiian tree hibiscus ⓘ Linden hibiscus ⓘ	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS Tier: 1b		NYFA: Not listed iNat GBIF 0 counties	ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Kosteletzkya

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malvoideae — Hibisceae — Kosteletzkya
Genus Kosteletzkya C.Presl 1835	Kosteletzkya	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb. 1753. Hibiscus pentacarpos L. 1753. Hibiscus virginicus L. 1816. Pavonia pentacarpa (L.) Poir. 1842. Kosteletzkya pentacarpa (L.) Ledeb. 1849. K. virginica (L.) C.Presl ex A.Gray 1860. K. virginicavar. althaeifolia Chapm. 1860. K. virginicavar. smilacifolia Chapm. 1878. K. althaeifolia A.Gray ex S.Watson 1883. K. smilacifolia Chapm. 1941. K. virginicavar. aquilonia Fernald	Saltmarsh mallow, Seashore mallow, Virginia saltmarsh mallow, Virginia sea-shore mallow	Native, CoC: 10, Extirpated OBL Perennial, Shrub		NYFA: Z	USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 VASCAN-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Malveae

The subtribal membership used here is based on previous uses of the tribe names, modified by the more recently published generic alliances and molecular phylogeny as presented in Tate et al. (2005).^[1]

↑ Jennifer A. Tate, Javier Fuertes Aguilar, Steven J. Wagstaff, John C. La Duke, Tracey A. Bodo Slotta, Beryl B. Simpson (2005) "Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data." American Journal of Botany 92(4): 584–602. April 2005.

Subtribe Abutilinae

Abutilon

Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
velvetleaf Indian-mallow

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Abutilinae — Abutilon
Genus Abutilon	Indian-mallow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 1753. Sida abutilon L. 1787. Abutilon theophrasti Medik. 1791. A. avicennae Gaertn. superfl.	Velvetleaf, Indian mallow, Velvetleaf Indian mallow, Butterprint, Pie-marker	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Widespread weed, iMapInvasives, IO WW FACU-UPL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-X Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Sida

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Abutilinae — Sida
Genus Sida	Fanpetals	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sida spinosa L.	Prickly fanpetals, Prickly mallow	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-NX Images Wikispecies

Anoda

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Abutilinae — Anoda
Genus Anoda	Anoda	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. 1753. Sida cristata L. 1837. Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl.	Crested anoda, Spurred anoda, Violetta	Introduced, Not naturalized		Richmond (1917) NYFA: X	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Malvinae

Malva

Malva moschata

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Malvinae — Malva
Genus Malva	Mallow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Malva moschata L. 1753. Malva moschata L.	Musk mallow, Musk cheeseweed, Musk plant Mauve musquée	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Malva neglecta Wallr. 1824. Malva neglecta Wallr. in Syll. Pl. Nov. 1:140 1829. Malva rotundifolia var. crispa Wimm. & Grab. in Fl. Siles. 2(2):14	Dwarf mallow Cheeses Common mallow Running mallow Mauve négligée Fromagère Mauve à feuilles rondes Mauve oubliée	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Malva sylvestris L. Malva sylvestris L.	High mallow, Cheeses, High cheeseweed	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], Unknown naturalization, SNA Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Malva alcea L. Malva alcea L.	Vervain mallow	Introduced, Unknown naturalization		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Malva parviflora L. Malva parviflora L.	Cheeseweed mallow	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Malva verticillata L. Malva verticillata L. M. crispa M. verticillatavar. crispa	Curled cheeseweed	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Alcea

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Malvinae — Alcea
Genus Alcea	Hollyhock	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alcea rosea L. 1753. Alcea rosea L. 1753. Alcea ficifolia L. 1786. Althaea rosea (L.) Cav. 1786. Althaea ficifolia (L.) Cav.	Hollyhock	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Althaea

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Malvinae — Althaea
Genus Althaea	Marshmallow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Althaea officinalis L. 1753. Althaea officinalis L. 1824. Althaea taurinensis DC. 1829. Malva officinalis (L.) Schimp.& Spenn.	Common marsh-mallow, White-mallow, Wymote Guimauve officinale, Guimauve sauvage	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Althaea hirsuta L. 1753. Althaea hirsuta L. 1794. Althaea hispida Moench 1862. Axolopha hirsuta (L.) Alef. 1994. Dinacrusa hirsuta (L.) G. Krebbs	Hairy marshmallow, Rough marshmallow, Hirsute mallow Guimauve hérissée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies

Sidalcea

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Malvinae — Sidalcea
Genus Sidalcea	Checkerbloom	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sidalcea oregana A.Gray	Checker-bloom, Oregon checkerbloom	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Callirhoe

Malvales — Malvaceae — Malveae — Malvinae — Callirhoe
Genus Callirhoe	Poppy mallow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray 1827. Nuttallia involucrata Torr. inval. 1838. Malva involucrata Torr. & A.Gray 1849. Callirhoe involucrata A.Gray	Purple poppy mallow, Winecup, Low poppy mallow	Introduced, N. America native, No reports Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 0	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
Callirhoe bushii Callirhoe bushii	Bush's poppy mallow Bush's poppy-mallow Bush's poppymallow ⓘ Poppy-mallow ⓘ	Introduced, N. America native, No reports			USDA-N0 BONAP Images Wikispecies

References

[1] Daphne mezereum has invaded moist forests in S. Ontario "Invasive Exotic Species Ranking for Southern Ontario," Urban Forest Associates Inc., 2002

[2] All parts of Daphne mezereum are toxic if eaten, and contact with the sap can cause skin irritation."Go Botany" New England Wild Flower Society 2011-2016, Daphne mezereum Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility, 2014

[3] Cistaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[4] Spaulding, D.D. (2013). "Key to the pinweeds (Lechea, Cistaceae) of Alabama and adjacent states" Phytoneuron 2013-99: 1–15. Published 11 December 2013. ISSN 2153 733X

[5] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Lechea tenuifolia. Accessed June 20, 2021.

[nynhp-6] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Lechea tenuifolia. Threatened, S2/G5.

[7] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Crocanthemum propinquum. Threatened, S2S3/G4.

[8] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Crocanthemum dumosum. Threatened, S2/G3.

[9] "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website". Retrieved 31 July 2014.

[10] R.S.Mitchell, ed. (1986). A checklist of New York State plants. Contributions of a Flora of New York State, Checklist III. New York State Bulletin No. 458. New York State Museum, Albany.

[11] Malvaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[12] VASCAN, citing FNA Editorial Committee. in prep. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 6: Magnoliophyta: Cucurbitaceae to Droseraceae. Oxford University Press, New York., treats Tilia americana var. heterophylla as a synonym of Tilia americana

[13] Hickok, L. G., and J. C. Anway. 1972. A morphological and chemical analysis of geographical variation in Tilia L. of eastern North America. Brittonia 24:2-8. suggests that "no apparent morphological discontinuities between populations were found to justify delimitation at the species level"

[14] NYFA did not originally list Hibiscus laevis, but USDA-NRCS shows it as native to eastern US and Ontario, with NY inside the northeast edge of the US range. It references a report in the 1991 Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. A subsequent 2004 article in that Bulletin, The historical and extant vascular flora of Pelham Bay Park, Bronx County, New York 1947-1981 notes the 1991 discovery, but states that it was extirpaed the next year due to repeated mowing.

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