Flora of New York/Astereae

← Senecioneae, Calenduleae, Gnaphalieae	Flora of New York — Asterales : Asteraceae : Asteroideae : Astereae				→ Anthemideae, Inuleae, Helenieae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The Astereae consist of the asters, goldenrods, and related plants. Recent nomenclatural changes have removed almost all of the North American asters from the Aster genus itself. A general reference used here for this trib is John C. Semple's Astereae Lab website.^[1]

↑ John C. Semple (2015). Astereae Lab website. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe	Genera	G	T
Asterales	Asteraceae	Asteroideae	Astereae	Bellidinae	Bellis (English daisy, lawn daisy)	1	1
				Asterinae	Callistephus (China aster) Tripolium (sea aster)	2	2
				Baccharidinae	Baccharis (baccharis)	1	1
				(unplaced)	Ericameria (rabbitbrush) Ionactis (aster) Oclemena (aster)	3	5
				Solidagininae	Sericocarpus (whitetop aster) Euthamia (goldentop) Oligoneuron (goldenrod) Solidago (goldenrod)	4	41
				Boltoniinae	Boltonia (doll's daisy)	1	2
				Machaerantherinae	Machaeranthera, Dieteria (tansy aster) Grindelia (gumweed)	3	6
				Symphyotrichinae	Doellingeria (whitetop) Symphyotrichum (aster)	2	38
				(unplaced)	Eurybia (aster)	1	6
				Chrysopsidinae	Pityopsis (silkgrass) Chrysopsis (goldenaster) Heterotheca (false goldenaster)	3	3
				Chrysopsidinae	Conyza (horseweed) Erigeron (fleabane)	3	10

Subtribe Bellidinae

Bellis

Bellis perennis, English lawn daisy

Bellis contains about 15 Old-world species commonly known as daisies. Of these, only the lawn daisy is known to have naturalized to any extent in New York or the rest of North America.^[1] A number of cultivars have been developed for horticultural purposes, and it's also considered to be a common lawn weed.

↑ Luc Brouillet (2006) "Bellis." Flora of North America, Vol 20, Asteraceae. Oxford University Press. 30 Jun. 2006

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Bellidinae — Bellis
Genus Bellis	Daisy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Bellis perennis L. 1753. Bellis perennis L.	English daisy ⓘ Lawn-daisy ⓘ Lawndaisy ⓘ Lawn daisy ⓘ European daisy Pâquerette vivace Pâquerette pérennante Pâquerette	Introduced from Eurasia, Morocco, Naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP BBG Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Asterinae

Callistephus

Callistephus chinensis, China aster

The genus Callistephus contains the single species Callistephus chinensis or China aster. It is used horticulturally, with cultivars that vary widely in color from white, red, blue, and yellow, to shades in between. It only occasionally escapes cultivation.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Asterinae — Callistephus
Genus Callistephus Cass.	China aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees 1753. Aster chinensis L. 1817. Callistemma hortense Cass. 1825. Callistephus hortensis (Cass.) Cass. 1832. Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees 1909. Callistemma chinense (L.) Skeels	China aster, Annual aster, Chinese-aster Reine marguerite	Introduced from China, Not naturalized Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: Xnn	USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tripolium

Tripolium pannonicum, sea aster

The only Tripolium species found in New York is the Eurasian Tripolium pannonicum or sea aster. The only vouchered specimen was collected in Manhattan. It is not considered to have naturalized in the state.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Asterinae — Tripolium
Genus Tripolium Nees	Sea aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. 1753. Aster tripolium L. 1832. Tripolium vulgare Nees (i) 1925. Aster tripoliumssp. pannonicus 1962. Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz.	Sea aster Aster de Hongrie	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Baccharidinae

Baccharis

Baccharis halimifolia,
groundsel tree

The only species of Baccharis growing wild in New York is eastern baccharis or groundsel-tree, a small tree or shrub, native to the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, and found in saline habitats from Nova Scotia to Mexico. This plant is considered to be weedy in the south and highly invasive in Australia, France, and Spain where it has been introduced.^[1]

↑ Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel-bush), CABI Invasive Species Compendium, 21 Aug. 2015.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Baccharidinae — Baccharis
Genus Baccharis	Baccharis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Baccharis halimifolia L. 1753. Baccharis halimifolia L. 1836. B. halimifoliavar. angustior	Groundsel tree Groundsel-tree Groundseltree Eastern baccharis Sea myrtle Consumption-weed Eastern false willow Saltbush groundsel-bush Baccharis à feuilles d'arroche	Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree, shrub		NYFA: 5	USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP BBG Images Wikispecies

Subtribe "ericamerioid asters"

Unplaced "Ericamerioid" genera

Ionactis

Ionactis linariifolia

Of the five Ionactis species, all except the eastern Ionactis linariifolia are native to western North America.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — unplaced — Ionactis
Genus Ionactis	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene 1753. Aster linariifolius L. in Sp. Pl.:874 1821. Aster fragilis Jacq. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1:82, not validly publ. 1832. Diplostephium linariifolium (L.) Nees in Gen. Sp. Aster.:199 1834. Diplostephium linariifolius (L.) Hook. 1836. Diplopappus linariifolius Lindl. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 5:277 1836. Diplopappus rigidus Lindl. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 5:277 1897. Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene auct. Ionactis linariifolius (L.) Greene, orth. var. 1914. Aster linariifolius var. victorinii Fernald 1923. Aster linariifolius f. lateralis House in Bull. NYS Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244:15 1923. Aster linariifolius f. monocephalus House in Bull. NYS Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244:14 1932. Aster linariifolius f. leucactis Benke in Rhodora 34:12	Stiff-leaved aster Flax-leaved aster Flaxleaf whitetop aster Flaxleaf ankle-aster Flax-leaved ankle-aster Flax-leaved stiff aster Savory-leaf aster Savory-leaved aster Spruce aster Aster à feuilles de linaire	Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure, S4, G5 Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 8, 2n = 18		NYFA: 20 counties iNat: 10 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-NN POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Oclemena

Oclemena acuminata

Accepted species of Oclemena are:^[1]

Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene
Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) Greene
Oclemena × blakei (Porter) G.L.Nesom
Oclemena reticulata (Pursh) G.L.Nesom

^[2]

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — unplaced — Oclemena
Genus Oclemena Greene (1903)	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene 1783. Aster divaricatus Lam. in Encycl. 1:305, nom. illeg. 1803. Aster acuminatus Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:109 1836. Diplostephium acuminatum DC. in Prodr. 5:273 1840. Aster latifolius Banks ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:155 1903. Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greenein Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1:4	Whorled wood aster Whorled aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) Greene 1768. Matricaria americana Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°5 1789. Aster nemoralis Aiton in Hort. Kew. 3:198 1803. Aster uniflorus Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:110 1813. Aster ledifolius Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:544 1832. Galatella nemoralis Nees in Gen. Sp. Aster.:173 1841. Aster greenii Nees ex Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 2:158 1896. Eucephalus nemoralis (Aiton) Greene in Pittonia 3:57 1903. Oclemena nemoralis (Aiton) Greene in Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1:5	Bog aster Leafy bog aster Aster des tourbières Aster des bois	Native, CoC: 9, Rare, S3, G5 OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 10 counties	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Oclemena × blakei (Porter) G.L.Nesom Oclemena acuminata × Oclemena nemoralis Aster blakei (Porter) House	Blake's aster	Native, Unranked, SNA, GNA FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 counties iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Hamilton, Herkimer	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Ericameria

Ericameria nauseosa

The approximately 37 species of genus Ericameria (goldenbushes) and their many varieties are all native to western North America.^[1]

However, Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (identified as syn. Chrysothamnus pinifolius) was one of many western plants contaminating grass seed planted on public land in Rochester, New York in 1909.^[2] See Plants of Monroe County.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — unplaced — Ericameria
Genus Ericameria	Goldenbush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ericameria nauseosa (Pursh) G.L.Nesom & G.I.Baird var. oreophila (A. Nelson) G.L.Nesom & G.I.Baird 1900. Chrysothamnus oreophilus A.Nelson 1902. Chrysothamnus consimilis Greene 1902. Chrysothamnus pinifolius Greene 1919. Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. pinifolius 1995. Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (A.Nelson) G.L.Nesom & G.I.Baird in Phytologia	Rubber rabbitbrush Great Basin rabbitbrush	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Monroe 1911	USDA-N0 POWO ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Solidagininae

Sericocarpus

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Sericocarpus
Genus Sericocarpus Nees (1832)	Whitetop aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1888. Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Toothed whitetop aster, Toothed white-topped aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1888. Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Narrowleaf whitetop aster, Narrow-leaved aster	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Gutierrezia

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Gutierrezia
Genus Gutierrezia	Snakeweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby	Broom snakeweed	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Euthamia

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Euthamia
Genus Euthamia	Goldentop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 1753. Chrysocoma graminifolia L. 1767. Solidago lanceolata L. 1796. Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. 1840. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 1918. Solidago nuttallii (Greene) Bush 1946. Solidago hirtipes Fernald	Common flat-topped-goldenrod, Flat-topped fragrant goldenrod, Flat-top goldentop, Grass-leaved goldenrod, Common grass-leaved goldenrod, Fragrant goldenrod, Narrow-leaved goldentop Verge d'or à feuilles de graminée, Verge d'or graminifoliée	Native, CoC: 1, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton 1753. Erigeron carolinianus L. 1814. Solidago tenuifolia Pursh 1818. Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh) Nutt. 1840. S. tenuifoliavar. glutinosa 1840. S. tenuifoliavar. microcephala 1894. Eu. caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton 1818. Eu. tenuifolia (Pursh) Greene 1902. Eu. media Greene 1902. Eu. microcephala Greene 1902. Eu. remota Greene 1911. Eu. galetorum Greene 1921. S. tenuifoliavar. pycnocephala 1983. Eu. tenuifoliavar. pycnocephala	Slender flattop goldenrod, Slender goldentop, Grass-leaved goldenrod, Coastal-plain goldentop, Coastal-plain grass-leaved goldenrod	Native, CoC: 4, Vulnerable FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Solidago

^[1]

↑ Flora Finder page for Solidago

Solidago sect. Ptarmicoidei

Solidago ohioensis
Ohio goldenrod

Solidago sect. Ptarmicoidei has been segregated into genus Oligoneuron by some authors.^[1]^[2]

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Ptarmicoidei
Genus Solidago sect. Ptarmicoidei	Flat-topped goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago ptarmicoides (Torr. & A.Gray) B.Boivin 1818. Inula alba Nutt. 1832. Doellingeria ptarmicoides Nees 1841. Aster ptarmicoides Torr. & A.Gray 1910. Unamia alba (Nutt.) Rydb. 1972. Solidago ptarmicoides B.Boivin 1993. Oligoneuron album (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom 1999. Solidago asteroides Semple	Upland white flat-topped-goldenrod, Prairie goldenrod, Upland white goldenrod, White flat-topped-goldenrod, White sneezewort Verge d'or faux-ptarmica	Native, CoC: 9, Rare		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Solidago ohioensis Riddell 1835. Solidago ohioensis Riddell 1891. Aster ohioensis Kuntze 1942. Oligoneuron ohioense G.N.Jones auct. Solidago houghtonii non Torr. & A.Gray	Ohio goldenrod, Ohio flat-topped goldenrod Verge d'or d'Ohio	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[1]		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Solidago rigida L. 1753. Solidago rigida L. 1808. Solidago grandiflora 1891. Aster rigidus (L.) Kuntze 1903. Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small 1933. Oligoneuron grandiflorum (Raf.) Small	Stiff goldenrod, Stiff flat-topped-goldenrod, Stiff-leaved goldenrod, Rigid goldenrod Verge d'or rigide	Native, CoC: 3, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[2]		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Solidago houghtonii Torr. & A.Gray ex A.Gray 1848. Solidago houghtonii Torr. & A.Gray 1891. Aster houghtonii Kuntze 1993. Oligoneuron houghtonii G.L.Nesom	Houghton's goldenrod Verge d'or de Houghton	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: FWS
Genus Solidago sect. Ptarmicoidei (potential hybrids)	Flat-topped goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago × krotkovii B.Boivin Solidago ohioensis × Solidago ptarmicoides 1967. Solidago × krotkovii B.Boivin 1993. Oligoneuron × krotkovii G.L.Nesom	Krotkov's goldenrod, Hybrid of ohio goldenrod & prairie goldenrod Verge d'or de Krotkov	Native, Unreported		NYFA: 0	USDA-NN VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Oligoneuron ohioense. Threatened, S2/G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum. Threatened, S2/G5T5.

Solidago sect. Unilaterales

Solidago section Unilaterales was formerly treated as Solidago subsect. Triplinerviae of sect. Solidago

Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod) is said to be allelopathic to sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Triplinerviae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago gigantea Aiton 1781. Solidago serotina Aiton illeg. 1789. Solidago gigantea Aiton 1834. Solidago pitcheri Nutt. 1943. Solidago × leiophallax Friesner 1982. Solidago serotinoides Á.& D.Löve	Swamp goldenrod, Giant goldenrod, Smooth goldenrod, Late goldenrod Verge d’or géante	Native, CoC: 3, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Solidago altissima ssp. altissima 1753. Solidago altissima L. 1803. Solidago scabra Muhl. ex Willd. 1842. Solidago canadensis var. scabra Torr. & A.Gray	Tall goldenrod, Late goldenrod, Canada goldenrod, Double goldenrod Verge d'or haute	Native, CoC: 1, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Solidago canadensis var. canadensis	Canada goldenrod	Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Solidago canadensis var. hargeri	Harger's goldenrod	Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Solidago × erskinei B. Boivin Solidago canadensis × Solidago sempervirens	Erskine's goldenrod, Hybrid of Canada goldenrod & seaside goldenrod	Native, Unranked		NYFA: U	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Solidago sect. Solidago

Solidago subsect. Argutae

Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd.
rough-leaved goldenrod

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago subsect. Argutae
Genus Solidago subsect. Argutae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago arguta Aiton var. arguta 1789. Solidago arguta Aiton 1891. Aster arguta (Aiton) Kuntze 1933. Solidago tarda Mack. ex Small	Atlantic goldenrod, Cut-leaved goldenrod, Sharp-leaved goldenrod, Forest goldenrod, Late goldenrod Verge d'or à dents pointues	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies
Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd.	Rough-leaved goldenrod, Roundleaf goldenrod Verge d'or étalée	Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies

Solidago subsect. Glomeruliflorae

Goldenrods of subsection Glomeruliflorae are primarily shade-dwelling plants that are found in and on the edges of forests.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Glomeruliflorae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago caesia L. var. caesia 1753. Solidago caesia L. 1808. Solidago gracilis Poir. 1814. Solidago axillaris Pursh 1836. Solidago lateriflora Raf. ex DC. non L. 1882. Solidago caesiavar. axillaris A.Gray 1882. Solidago caesiavar. paniculata A.Gray 1891. Aster caesius Kuntze 1921. Solidago caesiafo. axillaris House	Blue-stemmed goldenrod, Wreath goldenrod, Axillary goldenrod, Woodland goldenrod Verge d'or bleuâtre	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun, Part Shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Solidago flexicaulis Solidago latifolia	Zigzag goldenrod, Zig-zag goldenrod, Broad-leaved goldenrod	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU, Sun, Part Shade, Shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN LBJ Images Wikispecies
Solidago macrophylla Solidago mensalis	Large-leaved goldenrod, Largeleaf goldenrod	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Solidago caesia × flexicaulis Solidago caesia × Solidago flexicaulis	Hybrid of bluestem goldenrod & zigzag goldenrod	Native, CoC: x, Unranked		NYFA: U	Images Wikispecies

Solidago subsect. Humiles

Solidago sect. Solidago subsect. Humiles^[1]

Semple and Peirson (2013) promoted the two rare New York varieties of Rand's goldenrod (S. simplex vars. monticola/randii & racemosa) to species level.^[2]

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Humiles	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago randii (Porter) Britton 1893. Solidago virgaurea var. randii Porter 1901. Solidago randii (Porter) Britton 1908. Solidago randii var. monticola (Porter) Fernald 1952. Solidago spathulata ssp. randii (Porter) Cronquist ex Gleason 1991. Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. monticola 1991. Solidago simplex var. monticola (Porter) G.S.Ringius (i) 1991. Solidago simplex ssp. randii (Porter) G.S.Ringius 1991. Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. randii 1991. Solidago simplex var. randii (Porter) Kartesz & Gandhi (i)	Rand's goldenrod, Mountain goldenrod, Rand's mountain goldenrod	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[3]		NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Solidago racemosa Greene 1897. Solidago racemosa Greene 1952. S. spathulata ssp. randii var. racemosa 1952. S. spathulata var. racemosa (Greene) Gleason (i) 1991. S. simplex ssp. randii var. racemosa 1991. S. simplex var. racemosa (Greene) G.S.Ringius (i)	Riverbank goldenrod, Racemose goldenrod, Rand's riverbank goldenrod	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[4]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: nynhp
Genus Solidago subsect. Humiles (excluded)	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago spathulata DC. 1836. Solidago spathulata DC. 1840. Homopappus spathulatus (DC.) Nutt. 1891. Aster candollei Kuntze 1994. S. simplex var. spathulata (DC.) Cronquist	Coast goldenrod, Dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod	N. America native western U. S., N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
↑ Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Flora of North America.Volume 20. Asteraceae (cont'd). ↑ J.C. Semple & J.A. Peirson (2013). A revised nomenclature for the Solidago simplex complex (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytoneuron 2013-41. 1-5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Solidago simplex var. monticola. Threatened, S2/G5T4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Solidago simplex var. racemosa. Endangered, S1/G5T3.

Solidago subsect. Junceae

As its name suggests, early goldenrod (Solidago juncea) is one of the first goldenrods to flower. If flowers from July through September.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Junceae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago juncea Aiton 1789. Solidago juncea Aiton 1842. S. argutavar. juncea 1891. S. junceavar. ramosa 1947. S. junceavar. neobohemica	Early goldenrod Verge d’or jonciforme, Solidage élancée	Native, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Solidago subsect. Maritimae

Solidago sempervirens,
northern seaside goldenrod

Subsection Maritimae

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Maritimae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago sempervirens L. 1753. Solidago sempervirens L. in Sp. Pl.:878 1768. Solidago carnosa Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n°20 1768. Solidago glabra Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°22 1768. Solidago integerrima Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°24 1837. Leioligo lithospermifolia (Willd.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 2:42 1837. Dasiorima limonifolia Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 2:43 1844. Solidago azorica Hochst. ex Seub. in Fl. Azor.:31 1891. Aster sempervirens (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:318 1915. Solidago sempervirens var. sempervirens 1935. Solidago sempervirens var. typica Fernald in Rhodora 37:448 2003. Solidago sempervirens ssp. sempervirens	Seaside goldenrod, Salt-marsh goldenrod, Evergreen goldenrod Verge d'or toujours verte, Solidage toujours verte	Native, CoC: 4, Likely secure, S4, G5-T5 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 9 - Sun		NYFA: 5 counties	USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Solidago uliginosa Nutt. 1834. Solidago uliginosa Nutt. 1842. S. terrae-novae Torr. & A. Gray 1891. Aster uliginosus (Nutt.) Kuntze 1891. Aster terrae-novae (Torr. & A. Gray) Kuntze	Bog goldenrod, Northern bog goldenrod Verge d'or des marais	Native, CoC: 8, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Solidago subsect. Nemorales

Solidago Nemoralis
gray goldenrod

Gray goldenrod grows in thin poor soil, usually thriving in dry sites with very few competing herbaceous plants.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Nemorales	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago nemoralis Aiton var. nemoralis 1789. Solidago nemoralis Aiton	Gray goldenrod, Old-field goldenrod, Field goldenrod, Dyersweed goldenrod Verge d'or des bois	Native, CoC: 3, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Solidago subsect. Squarrosae

Solidago bicolor

Solidago subsection Squarrosae A. Gray includes 9 to 14 species, mostly native to central and eastern North America.^[1]

Proposed Solidago speciosa segregation:^[2]

Solidago speciosa (s.l.) → [S. speciosa (s.s.), S. jejunifolia, S. pallida]
Solidago speciosa var. speciosa → Solidago speciosa (s.s.), Solidago jejunifolia
Solidago speciosa var. jejunifolia → Solidago jejunifolia
Solidago speciosa var. pallida → Solidago pallida
Solidago speciosa var. rigidiuscula → Solidago rigidiuscula
Solidago speciosa var. erecta → Solidago erecta

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Squarrosae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago bicolor	Silverrod, Silver-rod, White goldenrod	Native, CoC: 6, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Solidago squarrosa Nutt.	Stout goldenrod, Ragged goldenrod, Squarrose goldenrod	Native, CoC: 7, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Solidago hispida var. hispida	Hairy goldenrod	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Solidago puberula var. puberula	Downy goldenrod	Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Solidago speciosa Nutt. Solidago speciosa Nutt.	Showy goldenrod	Native, CoC: 5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Genus Solidago subsect. Squarrosae (excluded taxa)	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago erecta Solidago porteri S. speciosa var. erecta {{{5}}}	Showy goldenrod, Porter's goldenrod, Slender goldenrod	N. America native eastern U.S., N.Y. excluded Perennial, Herb-forb			USDA-N0 FNA Images Wikispecies

Solidago subsect. Venosae

Solidago rugosa
wrinkle-leaved goldenrod

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Venosae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago rugosa Mill. var. rugosa 1768. Solidago pilosa Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 9 1768. Solidago virginiana Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 11 1768. Solidago rugosa Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 25 1768. Solidago recurvata Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 28 1813. Solidago villosa Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:537 1908. Solidago rugosa var. villosa Fernald in Rhodora 10:91	Common wrinkle-leaved goldenrod Wrinkle-leaved goldenrod Rough-stemmed goldenrod Tall hairy goldenrod Butterweed Verge d'or rugueuse Solidage rugueuse	Native, CoC: 1, Secure		NYFA: 5 iNat: Most counties	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Solidago rugosa var. aspera (Aiton) Fernald 1789. Solidago aspera Aiton in Hort. Kew. 3:212 1913. Solidago aspera var. axillaris Farw. in Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1915. Solidago rugosa var. aspera (Aiton) Fernald in Rhodora 17:7 1947, Solidago rugosa ssp. aspera (Aiton) Cronquist in Rhodora 49:78	Southern wrinkle-leaved goldenrod, Southern wrinkleleaf goldenrod, Southern wrinkled goldenrod	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN POWO Images Wikispecies
Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila C.Graves 1904. Solidago rugosa var. sphagnophila C.Graves in Rhodora 6:183 1915. Solidago aestivalis E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42:561	Swamp wrinkleleaf goldenrod, Swamp roughstem goldenrod	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered		NYFA: Z	Images Wikispecies
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. (1803) var. ulmifolia	Elmleaf goldenrod, Elm-leaved goldenrod	Native, CoC: 7, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Solidago odora var. odora	Sweet goldenrod, Anise-scented goldenrod	Native, CoC: 6, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Solidago latissimifolia Solidago edisoniana Solidago elliottii Solidago elliptica Solidago mirabilis	Elliott's goldenrod	Native, CoC: 6, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Solidago × asperula Solidago rugosa × Solidago sempervirens	Hybrid of wrinkle-leaved goldenrod & seaside goldenrod	Native, No recent reports		NYFA: Z?	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Solidago subsect. Multiradiatae

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Solidagininae — Solidago sect. Solidago
Genus Solidago subsect. Multiradiatae	Goldenrod	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Solidago leiocarpa DC. 1824. Solidago virgaureavar. alpina Bigelow 1836. Solidago leiocarpa DC. 1908. Solidago cutleri Fernald auct. S. multiradiatavar. arctica non Fernald	Cutler's goldenrod, Alpine goldenrod, Cutler's alpine goldenrod, New England goldenrod Verge d'or de Cutler	Native, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[1] Perennial, Herb		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Solidago leiocarpa. Threatened, S2/G4.

Subtribe Boltoniinae

Boltonia

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Boltoniinae — Boltonia
Genus Boltonia	Doll's daisy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. asteroides	White doll's daisy	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Boltonia asteroides var. recognita Boltonia recognita	White doll's daisy	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Machaerantherinae

The Machaerantherinae contains the tansyasters and gumweeds, which are native to western North America, but several of their species have naturalized in New York State.

Xanthisma

The Xanthisma genus, known as sleepy-daisy.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Machaerantherinae — Xanthisma
Genus Xanthisma	Sleepy-daisy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Xanthisma gracile (Nutt.) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm. 1848. Dieteria gracilis Nutt. 1849. Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) A.Gray 1894. Eriocarpum gracile (Nutt.) Greene 1904. Sideranthus gracilis (Nutt.) A.Nelson 1950. Machaeranthera gracilis (Nutt.) Shinners 1962. Haplopappus ravenii R.C.Jacks. 2003. Xanthisma gracile (Nutt.) D.R.Morgan & R.L.Hartm.	Slender goldenweed, Grass-leaved tansy-aster, Annual Bristleweed	Introduced from southwest U.S., northern Mexico, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies

Machaeranthera

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Machaerantherinae — Machaeranthera
Genus Machaeranthera	Tansyaster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees	Tansey-aster, Tansey-leaved tansyaster	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized		NYFA: Xm	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Dieteria

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Machaerantherinae — Dieteria
Genus Dieteria	Tansyaster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nutt. var. canescens Machaeranthera canescens ssp. canescens	Desert aster, Hoary aster, Hoary tansyaster	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies Note: ITIS

Grindelia

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Machaerantherinae — Grindelia
Genus Grindelia	Gumweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Grindelia hirsutula Hook. & Arn.	Hairy gumweed	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. serrulata	Curlycup gumweed	Introduced, N. America native, Questionable^[1]		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. squarrosa	Curlycup gumweed, Tarweed	Introduced, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
↑ The only vouchered specimen of Grindelia squarrosa var. serrulata was found at Cornell University (Tompkins County) and turned out to be G. hirsutula.

Subtribe Symphyotrichinae

The Symphyotrichinae...

Doellingeria

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Doellingeria
Genus Doellingeria Nees	Whitetop	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees var. umbellata Aster umbellatus Mill.	Parasol whitetop, Tall flat-topped white aster	Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5-T5 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb, Heliophily: 8 - Sun, 2n = 18		NYFA: 50 counties iNat: Orange County	USDA-NN FSUS Go Botany FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies
Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene 1803. Aster infirmus Michx. 1803. A. humilis Willd. 1888. A. umbellatus var. humilis (Willd.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1896. D. infirma (Michx.) Greene 1898. D. humilis (Willd.) Britton 1912. D. umbellata ssp. humilis (Willd.) W.Stone	Cornel-leaf whitetop, Cornel-leaved aster	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees var. pubens (A.Gray) Britton 1884. Aster umbellatus var. pubens A.Gray 1898. D. umbellata var. pubens (A.Gray) Britton 1947. A. pubentior Cronquist 1982. D. umbellata ssp. pubens (A.Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve	Parasol whitetop	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Doellingeria sericocarpoides Small 1884. Aster umbellatus var. latifolius A. Gray 1898. D. sericocarpoides Small 1900. A. sericocarpoides in… 1924. D. umbellata var. latifolia (A. Gray) House 1940. A. umbellatus var. brevisquamus Fernald	Southern whitetop	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Symphyotrichum

Classification from FNA as summarized in University of Waterloo, Astereae Lab website.

The genus Symphyotrichum (American Asters) contains:

Subg. Ascendentes (Allopolyploid Asters)
Subg. Astropolium (Salt Marsh Asters)
Subg. Chapmaniani (Savannah Asters)
Subg. Symphyotrichum (Common American Asters)
Subg. Virgulus (Virguloid Asters)

Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum

Subgenus Symphyotrichum (Common American Asters) contains sections:

Sect. Conyzopsis (Short-rayed Asters)
Sect. Occidentales (Foliaceous Asters)
Sect. Symphyotrichum (Bushy, Eastern, Heart-leaved, and Old Field Asters)
Sect. Turbinelli (Prairie Asters)

Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum

Section Symphyotrichum (Bushy, Eastern, Heart-leaved, and Old Field Asters) contains subsections:

Subsect. Dumosi (Bushy Asters)
Subsect. Heterophylli (Heart-leaf Panicled Asters)
Subsect. Porteriani (Old Field Asters)
Subsect. Symphyotrichum (Eastern American Asters)

Symphyotrichum subsect. Heterophylli

Aster lowrieanus
Lowrie’s aster

Subsection Heterophylli (Nees) Semple includes the heart-leaved panicled asters.^[1]

↑ John C. Semple (2018) "Symphyotrichum Heterophylli - Heart-Leaf Panicled Asters." Astereae Lab. University of Waterloo, Ontario

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum subsect. Heterophylli
Genus Symphyotrichum subsect. Heterophylli	Heart-leaved asters	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L.Nesom 1753. Aster cordifolius L. 1941. A. finkiivar. moratus Shinners 1894. A. lowrieanusvar. incisus Porter 1903. A. plumarius E.S.Burgess 1803. A. sagittifolius Wedem. ex Willd. 1995. S. sagittifolium G.L.Nesom 1995. S. cordifolium G.L.Nesom	Heartleaf aster, Heart-leaved aster, Common blue wood aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum lowrieanum (Porter) G.L.Nesom 1889. Aster cordifolius var. laevigatus Porter 1894. Aster lowrieanus Porter 1980. Aster cordifolius ssp. laevigatus A.G.Jones 1995. S. lowrieanum (Porter) G.L.Nesom	Fall aster, Lowrie's blue wood aster	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve var. laeve 1753. Aster laevis L. in Sp. Pl.: 876 1982. Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Taxon 31:359	Smooth blue aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) G.L.Nesom	Wavy-leaved aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom Aster hirtellus Lindl. Aster urophyllus Lindl. Aster sagittifoliusvar. urophyllus	Arrow-leaved aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L.Nesom var. oolentangiense	Skyblue aster	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum ciliolatum (Lindl.) Á.Löve & D.Löve Aster ciliolatus Aster lindleyanus Aster maccallae Aster saundersii Aster subgeminatus Aster wilsonii	Lindley's aster	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum × schistosum (E.S.Steele) G.L.Nesom Symphyotrichum cordifolium × Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve 1911. Aster schistosus E.S.Steele 1911. A. × schistosus E.S.Steele 1994. S. schistosum G.L.Nesom 1994. S. × schistosum G.L.Nesom	Hybrid of Heartleaf aster & Smooth blue aster				Images Wikispecies

Symphyotrichum subsect. Dumosi

Symphyotrichum lateriflorum

The Dumosi asters (Symphyotrichum subsect. Dumosi) asters native to most of North America, Mexico and the northern West Indies.^[1] There are about eight species (13 taxa overall) of this subsection that are native to New York State.

The USDA-NRCS Plants database list the four varieties of calico aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum) as present in New York. However, the New York Flora Atlas, citing Flora of North America (Brouillet et al. 2006), does not attempt to break the species down into infraspecific taxa.

↑ J.C. Semple (2015), Astereae Lab website, University of Waterloo. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum subsect. Dumosi
Genus Symphyotrichum subsect. Dumosi	American aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1753. Solidago lateriflora L. 1783. Aster vimineus Lam. 1829. A. horizontalis Desf. 1889. A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton 1895. A. lateriflorus var. horizontalis (Desf.) Farw. 1898. A. lateriflorus var. pendulus 1903. A. agrostifolius Burgess 1928. A. lateriflorus var. angustifolius Wiegand 1928. A. lateriflorus var. tenuipes Wiegand 1944. A. acadiensis Shinners 1982. Sy. lateriflorum (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1995. Sy. lateriflorum var. angustifolium G.L.Nesom 1995. Sy. lateriflorum var. tenuipes G.L.Nesom 1995. Sy. lateriflorum var. horizontale (Desf.) G.L. Nesom	Calico aster, Calico American-aster, One-sided aster, Small white aster, White woodland aster, Starved aster, Slender-stalked calico aster Aster latériflore, Aster à pédoncule mince	Native, Secure FAC-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom var. lanceolatum Aster simplex Willd.	White panicle aster, Lance-leaved Aster	Native, Secure FACW		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom var. interior Aster interior Aster lanceolatusssp. interior Aster simplexvar. interior	White panicle aster, Lance-leaved Aster	Native, Endangered FACW		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) G.L.Nesom 1753. Aster dumosus L. 1995. S. dumosum G.L.Nesom	Bushy aster, Rice-button aster, Short-stalk aster Aster nain d'automne	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L.Nesom 1928. Aster ontarionis Wiegand 1931. Aster pantotrichus S.F.Blake 1995. Symphyotrichum ontarionis in…	Bottomland aster ⓘ Ontario aster ⓘ Aster du lac Ontario ⓘ	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3	Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) G.L. Nesom 1783. Aster salicifolius Lam. 1841. Aster carneus T.& G. S. praealtum (Poir.) G.L.Nesom	Willowleaf aster, Willow-leaved aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Symphyotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G.L.Nesom	Small white aster, Smooth white oldfield aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum tradescantii (L.) G.L.Nesom	Shore aster	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & Gray) A.& D. Löve Aster borealis Aster franklinianus Aster junceus Aster junciformis Aster laxifoliusvar. borealis	Boreal aster, Northern bog aster, Rush American-aster	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
S. boreale × lanceolatum Symphyotrichum boreale × Symphyotrichum lanceolatum	Hybrid of Boreal aster & Calico aster	Native, Unranked		NYFA: U	Images Wikispecies
↑ The New York Flora Atlas is not clear which of the two varieties of Symphyotrichum praealtum occur in NY

Symphyotrichum subsect. Porteriani

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum subsect. Porteriani
Genus Symphyotrichum subsect. Porteriani	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum Aster ericoidesvar. platyphyllus Aster ericoidesvar. villosus Aster juniperinus Aster pilosusvar. pilosus Aster pilosusvar. platyphyllus Aster ramosissimus Aster villosus	Frost-weed aster, Hairy white old-field aster, Awl American-aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pringlei Aster ericoidesvar. pringlei Aster faxonii Aster pilosusvar. demotus Aster pilosusvar. pringlei Aster polyphyllus Aster pringlei	Pringle's aster	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4?	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Symphyotrichum subsect. Symphyotrichum

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum subsect. Symphyotrichum
Genus Symphyotrichum subsect. Symphyotrichum	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhl. ex Willd.) G.L. Nesom Aster prenanthoides Muhl. ex Willd.	Crookedstem aster, Crooked-stemmed aster, Zig-zag aster	Native, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum 1753. Aster puniceus L. 1951. Aster calderi B.Boivin 1953. Aster scabricaulis Shinners 1982. Symphyotrichum puniceum in…	Purple-stemmed aster, Swamp aster	Native, Secure OBL		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum firmum (Nees) G.L. Nesom 1818. Aster firmus Nees 1841. A. puniceusvar. firmus Torr.& A.Gray 1884. A. puniceusvar. lucidulus A.Gray 1924. A. lucidulus (A.Gray) Wiegand 1984. A. puniceusssp. firmus A.G.Jones 1994. S. firmum (Nees) G.L.Nesom	Glossy-leaved aster, Shining aster, Smooth swamp aster	Native, Likely secure		Schuyler, Seneca, St.Lawrence, Tompkins NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom var. novi-belgii	New York aster	Native, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom var. elodes (Torr. & A. Gray) G.L.Nesom Aster elodes Torr. & A.Gray S. novi-belgii var. elodes (Torr. & A. Gray) G.L. Nesom	Narrow-leaved New York aster	Native, CoC: 10, Unranked Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: U	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Genus Symphyotrichum subsect. Symphyotrichum (excluded taxa)	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom var. crenifolium Aster crenifolius Symphyotrichum crenifolium	Newfoundland aster ⓘ	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-0N Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom var. villicaule Aster gaspensis Aster johannensis Aster longifolius villicaulis Aster novi-belgii johannensis Aster novi-belgii villicaulis Aster tardiflorus vestitus	Hairy New York aster	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Symphyotrichum sect. Conyzopsis

The asters of sect. Conyzopsis are found in moist saline soils.[1]

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum sect. Conyzopsis
Genus Symphyotrichum sect. Conyzopsis	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum ciliatum Aster brachyactis Brachyactis angusta Brachyactis ciliata Tripolium angustum	Alkali American-aster, Rayless alkali aster	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
New England aster

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
Genus Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus sect. Polyliguli	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom 1753. Aster novae-angliae L. 1995. S. novae-angliae G.L.Nesom Virgulus × novae-angliae Reveal & Keener	New England aster, New England American aster	Native, CoC: 1, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies
Genus Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus sect. Ericoidei	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides (L.) G.L.Nesom 1753. Aster ericoides L. 1994. S. ericoides G.L.Nesom	White heath aster	Native, CoC: 1, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus sect. Ericoidei × Polyliguli	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum × amethystinum (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom S. ericoides (2n=10) × S. novae-angliae (2n=10) 1840. Aster amethystinus Nutt. Lasallea × amethystina Semple & L.Brouillet Virgulus × amethystinus Reveal & Keener	Amethyst aster	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1?	Images Wikispecies
Genus Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus sect. Patentes	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum patens var. patens (Aiton) G.L.Nesom 1789. Aster patens Aiton 1995. S. patens G.L.Nesom	Late purple aster	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum phlogifolium (Muhl. ex Willd.) G.L.Nesom 1803. Aster phlogifolius Muhl. ex Willd. 1832. Aster patensvar. phlogifolius Nees 1981. Virgulus patens var. phlogifolius Reveal & Keener 1995. S. phlogifolium G.L.Nesom	Thin-leaved late purple aster, Thinleaf late purple aster	Native, Likely secure(?)		NYFA: 4	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus sect. Concolores	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum concolor var. concolor (L.) G.L.Nesom 1753. Aster concolor L. 1924. Aster plumosus Small 1924. Aster simulatus Small 1980. Lasallea concolor Semple & Brouillet 1981. Virgulus concolor Reveal & Keener 1995. S. concolor G.L.Nesom	Eastern silvery aster, Eastern silver aster	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus sect. Grandiflori	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom 1818. Aster oblongifolius Nutt. 1980. Lasallea oblongifolia Semple & Brouillet 1981. Virgulus oblongifolius Reveal & Keener 1994. S. oblongifolium G.L.Nesom	Oblong-leaved aster, Aromatic aster, Shale aster	Introduced, N. America native, No reports Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 0	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies

Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Symphyotrichinae — Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium
Genus Symphyotrichum subg. Astropolium	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphyotrichum tenuifolium var. tenuifolium	Perennial salt-marsh aster	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Symphyotrichum subulatum var. subulatum	Eastern annual saltmarsh aster	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	Images Wikispecies

Subtribe "eurybioid asters"

The unplaced "eurybioid asters" include the genera Oreostemma, Herrickia, Eurybia, and Triniteurybia, of which, only Eurybia contains species that are native to New York.

Eurybia

Eurybia contains what Semple (2014) calls the "Eurybian Asters." It is separated here according to Semple's morphologically based intra-generic classification. Of the New York native Eurybia species, those of sect. Eurybia (Biotia) have heart-shaped (cordate) basal leaves, while those of sect. Calliastrum have oblanceolate or obovate basal leaves.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — unplaced — Eurybia subg. Eurybia
Genus Eurybia subg. Eurybia sect. Eurybia (Biotia)	Wood aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. 1763. Aster macrophyllus L. 1825. Eurybia jussiei Cass. 1825. Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. 1836. Biotia latifolia DC. 1836. Biotia macrophylla (L.) DC. 1898. Aster multiformis E.S.Burgess 1903. Aster riciniatus E.S.Burgess	Large-leaved aster, Big-leaved aster, Largeleaf wood aster, Bigleaf wood aster Aster à grandes feuilles, Aster à grandes feuille, Rétouane	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Eurybia divaricata (L.) G.L.Nesom 1753. Aster divaricatus L. 1789. Aster corymbosus Sol. ex Aiton 1836. Biotia corymbosa DC. 1898. Aster tenebrosus E.S.Burgess 1903. Aster boykinii E.S.Burgess 1994. Eurybia divaricata (L.) G.L.Nesom	White wood-aster, Heart-leaved aster, White heartleaf aster Aster à rameaux étalés, Aster divariqué	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees 1818. Aster schreberi Nees 1832. Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees 1832. Eurybia glomerata Nees 1836. Biotia glomerata (Nees) DC. 1836. Biotia schreberi (Nees) DC. 1955. Aster chasei G.N.Jones 1969. Aster macrophyllus var. schreberi (Nees) F.Seym.	Schreber's aster Aster de Schreber	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Eurybia subg. Eurybia sect. Eurybia × Calliastrum	Inter-sectional hybrid aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eurybia × herveyi (A.Gray) G.L.Nesom Eurybia macrophylla × Eurybia spectabilis	Hervey's aster	Native, Very vulnerable		NYFA: 2?	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Eurybia subg. Eurybia sect. Calliastrum	Aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eurybia spectabilis (Aiton) G.L.Nesom 1789. Aster spectabilis Aiton 1995. Eurybia spectabilis G.L.Nesom	Eastern showy aster, Purple wood-aster	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Eurybia radula (Aiton) G.L.Nesom Aster radula Aiton Aster radulavar. strictus Aster strictus Pursh, non Poir.	Rough-leaved aster, Low rough aster	Native, No recent reports		NYFA: H	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Chrysopsidinae

The Chrysopsidinae contains the golden-asters and camphor-weeds.^[1]

↑ J.C. Semple (2013). "The Goldenasters." Astereae Lab website. University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. 30 Oct. 2013

Pityopsis

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Chrysopsidinae — Pityopsis
Genus Pityopsis	Silkgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pityopsis falcata (Pursh) Nutt. Chrysopsis falcata (Pursh) Elliott Heterotheca falcata (Pursh) V.L.Harms	Sickleleaf silkgrass, Sickle-leaved golden-aster, Sickle-leaved silkgrass	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3?	USDA-NX Images Wikispecies

Chrysopsis

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Chrysopsidinae — Chrysopsis
Genus Chrysopsis	Golden aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Elliott	Maryland goldenaster, Maryland golden aster	Native, Secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies

Heterotheca

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Chrysopsidinae — Heterotheca
Genus Heterotheca	False golden aster	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby ssp. latifolia (Buckley) Semple 1789. Inula subaxillaris Lam. 1862. Heterotheca latifolia Buckley 2004. Heterotheca subaxillaris ssp. latifolia (Buckley) Semple	Camphorweed, Camphorweed golden-aster	Introduced, US South native		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Conyzinae

Erigeron

Erigeron is here separated into the two informal groups: fleabanes and horseweeds.

Erigeron (fleabanes)

Erigeron philadelphicus
Philadelphia fleabane

Fleabanes (Erigeron spp.) have very narrow and numerous ray flowers that are white, pink, or light purple in color. When open, flower heads are flat with a yellow disk.^[1]

↑ Lawrence Newcomb (1977), "Fleabanes," Newcomb's Wildflower Guide, Little, Brown and Company, p. 382.

Erigeron sp.	Local name	Flower head diameter	Ray floret color	Ray count	Stem hairs	Stem leaves width mm	Ref
E. strigosus	small daisy fleabane	12-20 mm	white or pink tinged	40-100	ascending (15°-45°) spreading near base	entire, 2.5-10	^[1]
E. annuus	annual daisy fleabane	12-20 mm	white or pink tinged	50-100	spreading (45°-90°)	toothed, 10-35	^[2]
E. philadelphicus	Philadelphia fleabane	12-25 mm	pinkish or whitish	100-400	spreading (45°-90°)	toothed, clasping 95 x 32 mm	^[3]
E. pulchellus	Robin’s plantain	25-38 mm	pale violet, pink, white	50-100	erect to ascending	toothless or obscure	^[4]
↑ Erigeron strigosus, Daisy/Prairie Fleabane, Illinois Wildflowers Minnesota Wildflowers ↑ Erigeron annuus, Annual Fleabane, Illinois Wildflowers Minnesota Wildflowers ↑ Erigeron philadelphicus, Philadelphia Fleabane, Illinois Wildflowers Minnesota Wildflowers ↑ Erigeron pulchellus, Robin's Plantain, Illinois Wildflowers Minnesota Wildflowers

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Conyzinae — Erigeron
Genus Erigeron sect. Phalacroloma	Fleabane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. 1803. Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. 1888. E. ramosus (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (i) 1965. E. annuusssp. strigosus	Small daisy fleabane, Lesser daisy fleabane, Prairie fleabane, Beyrich's fleabane, Rough fleabane	Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Annual, Herb-forb, Sun		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN LBJ Images Wikispecies
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Stenactis annua	Annual daisy fleabane, Annual fleabane, White-topped fleabane, Daisy fleabane, Eastern daisy fleabane, Sweet scabious	Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Erigeron sect. Quercifolium	Fleabane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erigeron philadelphicus L. var. philadelphicus 1753. Erigeron philadelphicus L.	Philadelphia fleabane, Common fleabane, Marsh fleabane	Native, CoC: 2, Secure FAC Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Erigeron philadelphicus (Vict. & J.Rousseau) B.Boivin var. provancheri 1940. Erigeron provancheri Vict. & J. Rousseau 1962. Erigeron philadelphicus var. provancheri (Vict. & J.Rousseau) B.Boivin 1988. Erigeron philadelphicus ssp. provancheri (Vict. & J.Rousseau) J.K. Morton	Provancher's fleabane, Philadelphia fleabane	Native, CoC: 7, Endangered FAC Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1 iNat	USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Erigeron sect. Pauciflori	Fleabane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erigeron pulchellus Michx. var. pulchellus	Robin's-plantain, Blue hill daisy	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Erigeron sect. Linearifolii	Fleabane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erigeron hyssopifolius	Daisy fleabane, Hyssop-leaved fleabane	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered FACW Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1 iNat	USDA-N Go Botany Images Wikispecies Note: CA

Erigeron (horseweeds)

Erigeron canadensis
horseweed

In 1943 Cronquist moved horseweed or Canadian fleabane to the genus Conyza, where some sources continue to place it.^[1]

↑ Conyza canadensis, Canadian Horseweed, Minnesota Wildflowers Illinois Wildflowers

Asterales — Asteraceae — Asteroideae — Astereae — Conyzinae — Erigeron
Genus Erigeron Conyza group	Horseweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erigeron canadensis L. var. canadensis 1753. Erigeron "canadense" L. 1788. Senecio ciliatus Walter 1837. Caenotus canadensis (L.) Raf. 1869. Conyzella canadensis (L.) Rupr. 1898. Leptilon canadense (L.) Britton 1905. Aster canadensis (L.) E.H.L.Krause 1943. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist 1946. Marsea canadensis (L.) V.M.Badillo	Common horseweed, Canadian horseweed, Canadian fleabane	Native, CoC: 0, Secure FACU Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-N WFO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Erigeron canadensis L. var. pusillus (Nutt.) B.Boivin 1818. Erigeron pusillus Nutt. 1943. Conyza parva Cronquist 1947. Conyza canadensis var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronquist 1972. Erigeron canadensis var. pusillus (Nutt.) B.Boivin	Southern horseweed, Canadian horseweed, Dwarf horse-weed, Dwarf Canadian horseweed	Native, CoC: 0, Rare? FACU Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 2 iNat	USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Erigeron bonariensis L. 1753. Erigeron bonariensis L. 1943. Conyza bonariense (L.) Cronquist 1946. Marsea bonariensis (L.) V.M.Badillo	Flax-leaved horseweed ⓘ Asthmaweed ⓘ	Introduced from South America, Highly invasive, NYIS Tier: 1b, NYS Tier 1b^[1]		NYFA: 0 counties iNat: 1 county iNat GBIF	Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers (2021). Asthmaweed (Conyza bonariensis): Ecological Rank: High, NY State Tier: 1b.

[1] John C. Semple (2015). Astereae Lab website. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

[2] Luc Brouillet (2006) "Bellis." Flora of North America, Vol 20, Asteraceae. Oxford University Press. 30 Jun. 2006

[3] Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel-bush), CABI Invasive Species Compendium, 21 Aug. 2015.

[4] Oclemena Greene, International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants (2023)

[5] Wildflowers of the Adirondacks: Whorled Wood Aster (Oclemena acuminata), Wild Adirondacks (2024)

[6] Ericameria Nutt. in International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants (2023).

[7] .Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila. Werier et al. (2024) in New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany.

[8] Flora Finder page for Solidago

[9] Flora of North America 163b. Solidago Linnaeus sect. Ptarmicoidei (House) Semple & Gandhi, Sida. 21: 756. 2004.

[10] J.C. Semple (2015). "Classification and illustrations of goldenrods." University of Waterloo, Astereae Lab. 23 Feb 2015.

[11] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Oligoneuron ohioense. Threatened, S2/G4.

[12] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum. Threatened, S2/G5T5.

[13] Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Flora of North America.Volume 20. Asteraceae (cont'd).

[14] J.C. Semple & J.A. Peirson (2013). A revised nomenclature for the Solidago simplex complex (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytoneuron 2013-41. 1-5.

[15] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Solidago simplex var. monticola. Threatened, S2/G5T4.

[16] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Solidago simplex var. racemosa. Endangered, S1/G5T3.

[17] Semple, J.C., L. Tong, and Y.A. Chong. 2017. Multivariate studies of Solidago subsect. Squarrosae. I. The Solidago speciosa complex (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytoneuron 2017-18: 1–23. Published 16 March 2017. ISSN 2153 733X

[18] Naturalist Flag for Taxon: Solidago speciosa (Showy Goldenrod)

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