Flora of New York/Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae

Order Aquifoliales Edit

The order Aquifoliales contains primarily the Aquifoliaceae (holly family), members of which are found in New York. Smaller families of Aquifoliales (Helwingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae, Stemonuraceae, and Cardiopteridaceae) are not known to naturalize in New York.

Family Aquifoliaceae Edit

The Aquifoliaceae (holly family) ...

Ilex Edit

Ilex verticillata

Ilex contains trees and shrubs generally known as holly and winterberry.

Aquifoliales — Aquifoliaceae — Ilex
Ilex	Holly	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray 1753. Prinos verticillatus L. 1856. Ilex verticillata A.Gray 1912. Ilex fastigiata E.P.Bicknell 1921. Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata Fernald	Common winterberry, Winterberry, Virginia winterberry, Black holly, Black alder Houx verticillé	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree, shrub, Dioecious, Sun - part shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies
Ilex mucronata (L.) M.Powell, Savol. & S.Andrews 1753. Vaccinium mucronatum L. 1901. Nemopanthus mucronatus Loes. 2000. Ilex mucronata M.Powell et al.	Mountain holly, Catberry Némopanthe mucroné, Faux houx	Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ilex montana Torr. & A.Gray 1848. Ilex montana Torr. & A.Gray 1856. Ilex monticola A.Gray 1870. Ilex amelanchier var. monticola Alph.Wood 1964. Ilex ambigua var. montana H.E.Ahles 1977. Ilex ambigua var. monticola Wunderlin & Poppleton 1983. Ilex ambigua ssp. montana A.E.Murray	Mountain winterberry, Mountain holly, Big-leaved holly	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-4 USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ilex glabra (L.) A.Gray 1856 1753. Prinos glaber L. 1856. Ilex glabra A.Gray	Inkberry, ink-berry, Gallberry, Winter-berry, Evergreen winterberry, Appalachian-tea	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A.Gray 1813. Prinos laevigatus Pursh 1856. Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A.Gray	Smooth winterberry, Smooth winterberry holly	Native, CoC: 8, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-4 USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ilex opaca Aiton var. opaca 1789. Ilex opaca Aiton	American holly, White holly, Christmas holly	Native, CoC: 8, Vulnerable FACU Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-3-4 USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Ilex crenata Thunb. 1784 1865. Celastrus adenophyllus Miq.	Japanese holly, Box-leaf holly Houx crénelé	Introduced from Asia, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 48%^[1], Naturalized Perennial, Tree, shrub		Nassau (1994), Queens (2003-08), Rockland (1995), Suffolk (1995-2008)	NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Ilex aquifolium L. 1753. Ilex aquifolium L.	English holly Houx commun	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Perennial, Tree, shrub			USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: ^[2]
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ilex crenata: Low (48). ↑ Although Ilex aquifolium is not listed as naturalized in New York or most of the Northeast, it is listed as present in "forests and borders of swamps in areas of habitation" in the adjacent state of Massachusetts,[1] and it is cultivated in suitable parts of New York as an ornamental tree.

Order Asterales Edit

Family Campanulaceae Edit

Subfamily Campanuloideae Edit

Campanula Edit

Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Campanula^[1]
Campanula	Bellflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Campanula aparinoides Pursh Campanula aparinoides var. grandiflora Campanula aparinoides var. uliginosa Campanula uliginosa Rydb.	Marsh bellflower	Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Campanula rotundifolia L. Campanula alaskana Campanula dubia Campanula gieseckiana Campanula groenlandica	American harebell, Bluebell bellflower	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN Go Botany iNaturalist Images Wikispecies
Campanula americana L. 1753. Campanula americana L. 1796. Campanula asteroides Lam. 1803. Campanula acuminata Michx. 1836. Campanula illinoensis Fresen. 1884. Specularia americana (L.) Morgan ex J.James 1903. Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small 1919. Campanula americana var. illinoensis	Tall bellflower, American bellflower Campanule d'Amérique	Native, CoC: 7, Endangered FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Campanula rapunculoides L. C. rapunculoides var. ucranica	Creeping bellflower, Rampion bellflower Campanule fausse-raiponce Campanule raiponce Fausse raiponce	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, CBG-A4^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Campanula trachelium L.	Bats in the belfry, Nettle-leaved bellflower	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA- Images Wikispecies
Campanula persicifolia L. C. persicifolia var. alba	Peachleaf bellflower, Peach-leaved bellflower	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Campanula glomerata L.	Clustered bellflower, Dane's blood	Introduced, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Campanula medium L.	Canterbury bells	Introduced, Naturalization unknown			NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Campanula (excluded taxa)	Bellflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X NPT
Campanula patula L.	Rambling bellflower, Spreading bellflower	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
↑ Roquet et. al. 2008: "Natural Delineation, Molecular Phylogeny and Floral Evolution in Campanula." Systematic Botany 33(1): 203-217. ↑ Cornell Botanic Gardens Invasive Species Policy Committee (2018). Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region.

Triodanis Edit

Triodanis perfoliata
Venus’ looking-glass

Triodanis (Venus' looking glass) plants can have both chasmogamous (CH) flowers, which are open to pollination by visitors and so can either outcross or self-fertilize, and cleistogamous (CL) flowers, which remain closed throughout the season and must necessarily self-fertilize.

Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Triodanis
Triodanis	Venus' looking glass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. 1753. Campanula perfoliata L. 1826. Prismatocarpus perfoliatus (L.) Sweet 1830. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A.DC. 1894. Legousia perfoliata (L.) Britton 1914. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl.	Common Venus’ looking glass Clasping Venus' looking-glass Clasping-leaved Venus'-looking-glass Claspingleaf Venus'-looking-glass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP EOL Images Wikispecies
Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene 1799. Campanula biflora Ruiz & Pav. 1843. Dysmicodon californicum Nutt. 1874. Specularia californica (Nutt.) Vatke 1891. Pentagonia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze 1891. Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze 1894. Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene 1894. Legousia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Britton 1975. Triodanis perfoliata var. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) T.R.Bradley 2006. Triodanis perfoliata ssp. biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Lammers	Southern Venus’ looking glass, Small Venus' looking-glass	Introduced from southern US, N. America native, Unk. naturalization			NYFA-X USDA-N Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Jasione Edit

Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Jasione
Jasione	Jasione	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Jasione montana L.	Sheepbit, Sheep's-bit	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Platycodon Edit

Platycodon grandiflorus

Asterales — Campanulaceae — Campanuloideae — Campanuleae — Platycodon
Platycodon	Platycodon	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. P. grandiflorum orth. var.	Balloon-flower, Chinese bellflower	Introduced, No specimens		NYFA: Excluded iNat: xx counties	NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Lobelioideae Edit

Lobelia Edit

Lobelia sect. Lobelia Edit

Lobelia cardinalis
cardinal flower

All native New York Lobelia species are in sect. Lobelia.^[1]

↑ Thomas G. Lammers (2011), "Revision of the Infrageneric Classification of Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 98(1): 37–62.

Asterales — Campanulaceae — Lobelioideae — Lobelieae — Lobelia
Lobelia sect. Lobelia	Cardinal flower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lobelia inflata L. 1753. Lobelia inflata L. 1768. Rapuntium inflatum (L.) Mill. 1891. Dortmannia inflata (L.) Kuntze	Indian-tobacco, Puke weed Lobélie enflée, Tabac indien	Native, CoC: 1, Secure FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lobelia spicata Lam. var. spicata 1792. Lobelia spicata Lam. 1839. Lobelia leptostachys A.DC. 1891. Dortmannia spicata (Lam.) Kuntze 1903. Lobelia bracteata Small	Palespike lobelia, Pale-spiked lobelia, Spiked lobelia, Balespike lobelia, Highbelia Lobélie à épi	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lobelia spicata Lam. var. hirtella A.Gray 1878. Lobelia spicata var. hirtella 1898. L. hirtella (A.Gray) Greene 1913. L. leptostachys var. hirtella 1917. Petromarula hirtella (A. Gray) Nieuwl. & Lunell	Bristly-spiked lobelia	Native, CoC: 1, Unranked FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-N? USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lobelia siphilitica L. var. siphilitica 1753. Lobelia siphilitica L. 1891. Dortmannia siphilitica (L.) Kuntze	Great blue lobelia, Blue cardinal flower, Great lobelia Lobélie bleue	Native, CoC: 5, Secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lobelia kalmii L. 1753. Lobelia kalmii L. 1836. Rapuntium kalmii (L.) C.Presl 1891. Dortmanna kalmii (L.) Kunze 1900. L. kalmii var. strictiflora 1908. L. strictiflora (Rydb.) Lunell	Brook lobelia, Kalm's lobelia, Bog lobelia, Ontario lobelia Lobélie de Kalm	Native, CoC: 8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lobelia cardinalis L. 1753. Lobelia cardinalis L. 1792. Lobelia graminea Lam. 1809. Lobelia fulgens Willd. 1809. Lobelia splendens Willd. 1891. Dortmanna cardinalis (L.) Kuntze 1891. Dortmanna fulgens Kuntze 1940. Lobelia cardinalis ssp. graminea	Cardinalflower, Cardinal flower, Scarlet lobelia Lobélie cardinale, Lobélie du cardinal, Lobélie écarlate	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun-shade			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lobelia dortmanna L. 1753. Lobelia dortmanna L. 1796. L. lacustris (L.) Salisb. superfl. 1836. Rapuntium dortmanna (L.) C.Presl	Dortmann's cardinalflower, Water lobelia, Dortmann's lobelia, Water gladiole Lobélie de Dortmann, Cardinale de Dortmann, Lobélie aquatique	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lobelia nuttallii Schult. Lobelia nuttallii Schult.	Nuttall's lobelia	Native, CoC: 7, Vulnerable FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3 USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 LBJ Images Wikispecies

Lobelia sect. Hypsela Edit

Asterales — Campanulaceae — Lobelioideae — Lobelieae — Lobelia
Lobelia sect. Hypsela	Cardinal flower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lobelia chinensis Lour. 1790. Lobelia chinensis Lour.	Chinese lobelia	Introduced from Asia, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 37%^[1], NSE: Exotic, GNR Perennial, Herb-forb		iNat: 0 counties	NYFA-0 USDA-X0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lobelia chinensis: Low (37). Although it is listed a potentially invasive in New York, BONAP and USDA-NRCS plants database show that Lobelia chinensis has naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but not New York State.

Family Menyanthaceae Edit

The Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants.

Menyanthes Edit

Asterales — Menyanthaceae — Menyanthes
Menyanthes L.	Buckbean	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Menyanthes trifoliata L. 1753. Menyanthes trifoliata L. 1826. Menyanthes americana Sweet 1830. Menyanthes verna Raf. 1929. Menyanthes trifoliata var. minor 2003. Menyanthes trifoliata ssp. verna	Buckbean, Buck-bean, Bog buckbean, Bogbean Trèfle d'eau	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Nymphoides Edit

Nymphoides cordata

Floating-hearts

Asterales — Menyanthaceae — Nymphoides
Nymphoides Ség. 1754	Floatingheart	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nymphoides cordata (Elliott) Fernald 1817. Villarsia cordata Elliott 1938. Nymphoides cordatum (Elliott) Fernald	Floating-heart, Little floatingheart, Eight-angled floatingheart Faux-nymphéa à feuilles cordées, Nymphoïde cordées	Native, CoC: 9, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3-4 USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze 1753. Menyanthes nymphoides L. 1770. Limnanthemum peltatum S.G.Gmel. 1803. Villarsia nymphoides (L.) Vent. 1805. Nymphoides natans J. St.-Hil. 1891. Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze 1914. Nymphoides flava Druce	Yellow floating-heart, Yellow floatingheart Faux-nymphéa pelté, Faux-nénuphar, Nymphoïdès pelté, Petit nénuphar	Introduced from Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 74%^[1], Prohibited^[2] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-X Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze 1790. Menyanthes hydrophylla Lour. 1799. Menyanthes cristata Roxb. 1819. Villarsia hydrophyllum (Lour.) Roem. & Schult. 1824. Villarsia cristata (Roxb.) Spreng. 1841. Menyanthes sinarica Buch.-Ham. ex Steud. 1891. Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze 1991. Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze 1896. Limnanthemum cristalum Griseb. 1938. Limnanthemum hydrophyllum (Lour.) Griseb.	Crested floatingheart	Introduced from Asia (China, India, Indo-China), Highly invasive, Invasive.org: [3], GRIIS-US: Invasive		NYFA: xx counties iNat: xx counties	GBIF iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Nymphoides peltata: Highly invasive (74). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[1] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ilex crenata: Low (48).

[2] Although Ilex aquifolium is not listed as naturalized in New York or most of the Northeast, it is listed as present in "forests and borders of swamps in areas of habitation" in the adjacent state of Massachusetts,[1] and it is cultivated in suitable parts of New York as an ornamental tree.

[3] Roquet et. al. 2008: "Natural Delineation, Molecular Phylogeny and Floral Evolution in Campanula." Systematic Botany 33(1): 203-217.

[4] Cornell Botanic Gardens Invasive Species Policy Committee (2018). Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region.

[5] Thomas G. Lammers (2011), "Revision of the Infrageneric Classification of Lobelia L. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae)." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 98(1): 37–62.

[6] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lobelia chinensis: Low (37). Although it is listed a potentially invasive in New York, BONAP and USDA-NRCS plants database show that Lobelia chinensis has naturalized in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but not New York State.

[7] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Nymphoides peltata: Highly invasive (74).

[prohibit-8] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

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← Lamiales 3	Flora of New York — Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae				→ Carduoideae
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