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Flora of New York/Carduoideae

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Aquifoliaceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae 		Flora of New York — Asterales : Asteraceae : Carduoideae : Cardueae →
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Centaurea

Family Asteraceae

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The Asteraceae (or Compositae)

Subfamily Carduoideae

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Tribe Cardueae

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The Cardueae (syn. Cynareae) is a mostly non-native tribe of Asteraceae. It contains various thistles and knapweeds, many of which are considered highly invasive in the region.

Subtribe Carlininae

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Carlina
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Carlina vulgaris, Carline thistle
Carline thistle (Carlina vulgaris) establishes on exposed soil but does not compete with taller dense vegetation.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carlininae — Carlina
Genus Carlina Carline-thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 ssp. vulgaris
1753.  Carlina vulgaris  L. in…
1782.  Carlina caulescens  Gilib. in…
1824.  Carlina longifolia  Viv. in…
1829.  Carlina vulgaris  var. uniflora  Gaudin  in…
1907.  Carlina flavispina  Simonk. in…
Carline thistle ⓘ
Introduced from
 Europe to Iran,
Naturalized 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat
6 counties
USDA-X0
POWO
BONAP
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Subtribe Echinopsinae

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Echinops
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Echinops sphaerocephalus
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Echinopsinae
Genus Echinops Globethistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. sphaerocephalus
1753.  Echinops sphaerocephalus  L. in…
1771.  Echinopus sphaerocephalus  (L.) Scop. in…
1796.  Echinops maximus  Siev. in…
1838.  Echinops giganteus  DC. in…
1889.  Echinops major  St.-Lag. in…
1891.  Sphaerocephalus multiflorus  Kuntze in…
Glandular globe-thistle ⓘ
Great globe thistle ⓘ
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized,
Cultivated,
SNA
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 11 counties
iNat
GBIF
2 counties
USDA-XX
POWO
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Subtribe Carduinae

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Onopordum
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Onopordum acanthium
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Onopordum
Genus Onopordum Cottonthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. acanthium
1753.  Onopordum acanthium  L. in…
1771.  Acanos spina  Scop. in…
1791.  Acanthium onopordon  Gueldenst. in…
1796.  Onopordum tomentosum  Salisb. in…
1891.  Onopordum acanthium  var. polycephalum  Willk.  in…
1896.  Onopordum acanthium  var. schultesii  (Brittinger ex W.D.J.Koch) Rouy in…
 Scotch thistle,
Scotch cottonthistle 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [1],
Naturalized,
SNA
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 13 counties
? counties
USDA-XM
POWO
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Arctium
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Arctium lappa, greater burdock
Only the two burdock species Arctium lappa (greater burdock) and A. minus (lesser burdock) are currently listed as naturalized in New York. Specimens of A. minus were apparently misidentified as A. tomentosum in the past.

Arctium is an Old World genus whose biennial plants have been introduced around the world, perhaps in part due to Velcro-like burrs that promote wide seed dispersal.

Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Arctium
Genus Arctium Burdock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. lappa
1753.  Arctium lappa  L. in…
1762. Lappa vulgaris Hill
1785. Lappa officinalis All.
1791. Lappa major Gaertn.
1800. Arctium majus Bernh.
1833. Arctium nemorosum Lej. & Court.
1883. Lappa lappa (L.) H.Karst. (i)
1913. Arctium vulgare (Hill) A.H.Evans
1928. Arctium edule Beger
 Greater burdock,
Great burdock,
Edible burdock,
Beggar's-buttons
Grande bardane,
Bardane majeure,
Rhubarbe sauvage,
Graquias,
Toques,
Rapace 		Introduced from
 Eurasia 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: ? counties
? counties
USDA-XX
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 (Hill) Bernh.
1762. Lappa minor Hill
1800. Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.
1856. Arctium pubens Bab.
 Lesser burdock,
Common burdock,
Cuckoo-button
Petite bardane,
Bardane mineure,
Bardane,
Tabac du diable,
Tapace,
Chou bourache,
Cibourroche,
Graquias 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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Genus Arctium (excluded taxa) Burdock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mill.
1768. Arctium tomentosum Mill.
 Woolly burdock,
Hairy burdock
Bardane tomenteuse 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
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FNA
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Silybum
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Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Silybum
Genus Silybum Milk thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Gaertn.
1753. Carduus marianus L.
1768. Mariana mariana (L.) Hill in…
1791. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
 Milk-thistle,
Blessed milkthistle,
St. Mary's thistle 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 5[1]
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		  6 counties
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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  1. ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers: Silybum marianum (Blessed milkthistle) NYS Tier 5. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program
Cirsium
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Cirsium species are known as plume thistles due to the feathered hairs on their achenes.
New-World Cirsium
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Cirsium muticum
Swamp thistle
The North American thistles found in New York are here divided into two groups (species complexes) that are known to freely hybridize within the individual group.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Cirsium
Genus Cirsium Mill. (1745)
(North American - HG1) 		Thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.
1803. Cirsium muticum Michx.
1807. Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers.
1814. Cnicus muticus (Michx.) Pursh
1838. Cirsium bigelovii DC.
 Swamp thistle,
Dunce-nettle,
Horsetops
Chardon mutique,
Circe mutique 		Native, CoC: 9,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.
1803. Cnicus discolor Muhl. ex Willd.
1818. Carduus discolor in…
1826. Cirsium discolor in…
1894. Cirsium altissimum  f. discolor  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Voss
1902. Cirsium altissimum  var. discolor  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fernald
1917. Cirsium altissimum  ssp. discolor  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Petr.
 Field thistle,
Pasture thistle
Chardon discolore,
Circe discolore 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure,
S5
UPL
Biennial-perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (L.) Spreng.
1753. Carduus altissimus L.
1804. Cnicus altissimus Willd.
1826. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng.
1826. Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill
1908. Cirsium iowense in…
1917. Cirsium altissimum
var. biltmoreanum Petr.
 Tall thistle,
Roadside thistle 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely extirpated
UPL
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: Z
USDA-N0
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 (Rydb.) Arthur
1900. Carduus flodmanii Rydb.
1903. Cirsium oblanceolatum in…
1912. Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur
 Flodman's thistle,
Prairie thistle 		Introduced,
Midwest native,
Preglacial relict?
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-NN
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Genus Cirsium Mill. (1745)
(North American - HG2) 		Thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Nutt.) Spreng.
ssp. pumilum
1818. Carduus pumilus Nutt.
1826. Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng.
1911. Cirsium odoratum in…
 Pasture thistle,
Fragrant thistle,
Bull thistle
Chardon nain 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure
N. R.
Biennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-N0
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 Michx.
var. horridulum
1803. Cirsium horridulum Michx.
 Yellow thistle,
Giant thistle,
Bristly thistle,
Horrid thistle,
Bull thistle 		Native, CoC: 5,
Rare
FACU
Annual-biennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: N
USDA-N0
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Old-World Cirsium
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Cirsium vulgare
bull thistle
All three of the Eurasian Cirsium (thistle) species are considered invasive in New York State.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Cirsium
Genus Cirsium (Eurasian ) Plume thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Savi) Ten.
1753. Carduus lanceolatus L.
1798. Carduus vulgaris Savi
1835. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
1938. Ci. vulgare Airy Shaw (hom.)
1972. Ci. lanceolatum Scop. non Hill
 Bull thistle,
Common thistle,
Spear thistle,
Scotch thistle
Chardon vulgaire,
Chardon lancéolé,
Gros chardon,
Circe commun,
Circe vulgaire 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Widespread weed,
NE-3[1],
Invasive.org
FACU
Biennial,
Hert-forb 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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 (L.) Scop.
1753. Serratula arvensis L.
1772. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
1777. Carduus arvensis (L.) E.Robson
1819. Cirsium incanum
1819. Cirsium setosum (Willd.) M.Bieb.
 Creeping thistle,
Canada thistle,
Field thistle
Chardon des champs,
Chardon du Canada,
Circe des champs 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Highly invasive,
NYIS: 71%[2],
Prohibited[3],
CP-2[4] NE-2[5]
FACU
Perennial,
Hert-forb 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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 (L.) Scop.
1753. Carduus palustris L.
1772. Cirsium Palustre (L.) Scop.
 Marsh thistle,
Marsh plume thistle,
European marsh thistle,
European swamp thistle
Chardon des marais,
Cirse des marais 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 68% [6],
NE-2[5]
FACW
Perennial,
Hert-forb 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XW
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  1. ↑ Category 3 Plants - widespread non-native species - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  2. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium arvense: Highly invasive (71%).
  3. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
  4. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
  5. ↑ a b Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  6. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cirsium palustre: Moderately invaisve (68%).
Carduus
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Carduus acanthoides
spiny plumeless thistle
Carduus species are known as plumeless thistles.
Asterales — Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Carduus
Genus Carduus Plumeless thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
ssp. acanthoides
 Spiny plumeless thistle Introduced,
Moderately invasive 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Musk thistle,
Nodding thistle,
Nodding plumeless thistle 		Introduced,
Moderately invasive 		 
NYFA: Xn
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Curled plumless-thistle,
Welted thistle,
Curled thistle 		Introduced  
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
ssp. pycnocephalus
 Italian thistle Introduced,
Unvouchered waif 		 
NYFA: U
USDA-XX
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Wikispecies
Serratula
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Asterales — Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Carduinae — Serratula
Genus Serratula (excluded) Plumeless saw-wort N.Y. Status Images Distribution  NPT
 L.
    Serratula tinctoria L.
 Dyer's plumeless saw-wort,
Saw-wort 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Go Botany-0
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Subtribe Centaureinae

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The Centaureinae contains knapweeds and starthistles, none of which are native to New York, and some of which are considered to be seriously invasive in the state.[1]

Plectocephalus
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Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Plectocephalus
Genus Plectocephalus Basketflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Nutt.
1821. Centaurea americana Nutt.
1830. Plectocephalus americanus in…
 American star-thistle,
American basketflower,
Powderpuff thistle,
Thornless thistle 		Introduced from
 south-central US,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
Go Botany-0
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  1. ↑ Tree of Life: Centaureinae
Centaurea
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The subgeneric classification of Centaurea (knapweeds) used here is based on Hilpold et al. (2014).[1]
  1. ↑ Hilpold, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., Vilatersana, R. & Susanna, A. 2014. "Taxonomical and nomenclatural notes on Centaurea: A proposal of classification, a description of new sections and subsections, and a species list of the redefined section Centaurea." Collectanea Botanica '33:e001. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2013.v33.001
Centaurea identification
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Four of the most common and invasive knapweed species can often be distinguished by the involucre bracts, the scale-like structures surrounding the inflorescence, just below flower petals.[1]
  • Centaurea stoebe (spotted): Bracts are black tipped, tip and upper margin have soft, spine-like fringe, Center spine shorter than others.
  • Centaurea jacea (brown): Bracts are somewhat hairy, with broad, thin papery margins. Center of bract is dark brown.
  • Centaurea nigra (black): Bracts are oval-shaped with broad, comb-like, dark brown or black fringed margins. Fringe length up to 3 times as long as bract width.
  • Centaurea × moncktonii (meadow, brown × black): Bracts are light to dark brown, roundish, with thin papery margin with fringes about equal width of bract center.
  1. ↑ Celestine Duncan (2018). "What’s the Difference Between Spotted, Brown, Black, and Meadow Knapweed?" TechLine Invasive Plant News Published November 2018; reviewed May, 2019.
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Centaurea
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Centaurea stoebe
spotted knapweed
Centaurea sect. Centaurea contains spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos), which has widely naturalized in much of North America , including New York State, where it is considered highly invasive.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Centaurea
Genus Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Centaurea Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
ssp. micranthos (S.G.Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek
1838. Centaurea biebersteinii DC.
1872. C. australis Pančić ex A. Kern.
1907. C. maculosa  ssp. micranthos  Gugler
1931. C. stoebe  ssp. micranthos  Hayek
2003. C. stoebe  ssp. australis  Greuter
 auct. C. maculosa non Lam.
 auct. Acosta maculosa non (Lam.) Holub
 Spotted knapweed,
Spotted star-thistle
Centaurée maculée,
Centaurée tachetée 		Introduced from
 southeast Europe,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 79%[1],
CP-3[2] NE-1[3],
SNA, GNR 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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 L.
1753. Centaurea cineraria  L.
1785. C. candidissima  Lam.
1839. C. gymnocarpa  Moris & DeNot.[4]
1974. Acosta cineraria (L.) Holub
 Silver knapweed,
Star-thistle,
Dusty miller 		Introduced from
 southern Europe,
Impersistent,
Unk. naturalization,
SNA 		  Suffolk (1921)
NYFA: X
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
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Tropicos
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Genus Centaurea (excluded taxa) Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Lam.
1785. Centaurea diffusa  Lam.
1799. C. parviflora Desf.
1822. C. parviflora Besser hom.
1970. C. microcalathina A.O.Tarassov
1972. Acosta diffusa (Lam.) Soják
 Diffuse knapweed,
White knapweed,
Tumble knapweed 		Introduced,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 79%[1],
FEIS 		 
NYFA: 0
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
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  Centaurea diffusa ×
  C. stoebe ssp. micranthos
 Hybrid of
 Diffuse knapweed &
 Spotted knapweed 		Introduced,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 79%[1] 		 
USDA-0X
Images
Wikispecies
Jersey knapweed Introduced,
N.Y. excluded,
Note[5] 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b c New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. stoebe, C. diffusa, C. × psammogena: High (79).
  2. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
  3. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  4. ↑ Euro+Med Plantbase lists Centaurea gymnocarpa as an accepted species, while the Global Compositae Checklist lists it as a synonym of Centaurea cinerea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2014.1, states "C. gymnocarpa belongs to the group known as the "cineraria" group. This group probably was once a single species when the land masses were united, but as islands were formed, new species evolved on each island. This means that today there are a number of closely related species of Centaurea in the Mediterranean growing on rocky seaward cliffs, all probably related to a common ancestor."
  5. ↑ Centaurea paniculata checklist entries were based on reports only. No known specimens from New York exist. It is similar in appearance to Centaurea stoebe.
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Phrygia
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Centaurea × moncktonii
meadow knapweed
Centaurea sect. Phrygia, in New York State, contains three moderately invasive species of knapweeds, cumulatively known as the Centaurea jacea complex, and gradations of hybrids between possibly all three of them. The named hybrid Centaurea × moncktonii (C. jacea × C. nigra) is morphologically variable, and some individuals appear to have a similarity to C. nigrescens, possibly resulting from hybridization between all three species.


Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Phrygia
Genus Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Phrygia Knapweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753.  Centaurea jacea  L.
1778.  Jacea pratensis  Lam.
1799.  Centaurea pratensis  Thuill. (i)
 Brown knapweed,
Brownray knapweed,
Brown-rayed knapweed,,
Brown starthistle 		Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 62%[1],
CP-3[2] 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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 L.
1753. Centaurea nigra L.
1769. Jacea nigra (L.) Hill
1852. Centaurea nemoralis Jord.
1894. Centaurea jacea  ssp. nigra  (L.) Bonnier & Layens
 Black knapweed,
Lesser knapweed,
Common knapweed,
Black starthistle 		Introduced from
 Europe,
 northern Africa,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 62%[1] 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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 C.E.Britton
  Centaurea jacea ×
  Centaurea nigra
1799.  Centaurea pratensis  Thuill. non Salisb.
1813.  Centaurea nigra  var. radiata  DC.
18??.  Centaurea jacea  var. pratensis  W.D.J.Koch
1905.  Centaurea × gerstlaueri Erdner in…
1975.  Centaurea debeauxii  ssp. thuillieri  Dostál
1921.  Centaurea × moncktonii  C.E.Britton in…
1926.  Centaurea × jacea  f. dumeticola  Sennen  ...
 Meadow knapweed,
Protean knapweed,
Hybrid of
 black knapweed &
 brown knapweed 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 62%[1] 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-0X
POWO
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 Willd.
1803. Centaurea nigrescens Willd.
1831. C. vochinensis Bernh. ex Rchb.
1917. C. dubia  ssp. nigrescens  (Willd.) Hayek
1917. C. dubia  ssp. vochinensis  (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Hayek
 Tyrol knapweed,
Short-fringed knapweed,
Short-fringed starthistle,
Vochin knapweed 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 62%[1] 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 ssp. phrygia
    Centaurea austriaca
    C. uniflora
 Wig knapweed Introduced,
Impersistent,
Unk. naturalization 		 
NYFA: Xu
NYFA: ? counties
GBIF
? counties
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b c d New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – C. jacea, C. nigra, C. nigrescens, C. × moncktonii: Moderate (62).
  2. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)
Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Cnicus
edit
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Cnicus
Genus Centaurea subg. Centaurea sect. Cnicus Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) L.
1753. Cnicus benedictus  L.
1763. Centaurea benedicta  (L.) L.
1895. Cirsium pugnax  Sommier & Levier
1908. Carduus benedictus  Thell. (i)
 Blessed thistle,
Our Lady's thistle
Chardon béni,
Cnicaut béni,
Chardon bénit 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Not naturalized,
SNA 		  Oswego (1883)
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
Centaurea subg. Lopholoma
edit
 
Centaurea solstitialis
yellow knapweed
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Lopholoma
Genus Centaurea subg. Lopholoma Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Yellow starthistle,
Barnaby star-thistle,
St. Barnaby’s thistle 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [2],
Unknonwn naturalization,
SNA 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 6 counties
no counties
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Great starthistle,
Greater knapweed,
Hardheads,
Scabious knapweed,
Greater centaury 		Introduced,
Unk. naturalization 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Purple starthistle,
Red star-thistle,
Caltrops 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Not naturalized,
Impersistent,
SNA 		  Bronx (1898-99),
Kings (1897),
Queens (1879),
Westchester (1894-95)
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
North African knapweed Introduced,
Not naturalized,
Impersistent 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Rough star-thistle Introduced,
Not naturalized,
Impersistent,
SNA 		  New York (1880)
NYFA: X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Centaurea subg. Cyanus
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Centaurea cyanus
bachelor’s button
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Centaurea subg. Cyanus
Genus Centaurea subg. Cyanus Knapweed, Starthistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. (1753)
1769. Cyanus segetum  Hill
1837. Centaurea pulchra  DC.
 Cornflower,
Bachelor’s-button,
Bluebottle,
Bluebonnets 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized,
Note:[1],
SNA, GNR
UPL-FACU
Annual,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Centaurea montana L.
1768. Cyanus montanus (L) Hill
 Mountain starthistle,
Mountain cornflower,
Mountain bluet,
Perennial cornflower 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [3] 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Invasive.org lists Centaurea cyanus as invasive in WV, GA, AK, and a troublesome weed in KY, NC.
Carthamus
edit
 
Carthamus tinctorius
Safflower is grown primarily as a source of vegetable oil and mostly in Southwest.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Carthamus
Genus Carthamus Distaff thistle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Carthamus tinctorius L.
1753. Cathamus tinctorius L. (i)
 Safflower,
Dyer's-saffron,
False saffron,
Bastard-saffron 		Introduced from
 western Asia?,
 eastern Med.?,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized 		 
NYFA: X
iNat
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    Carthamus lanatus L.
Woolly distaff thistle
Downy safflower
Introduced,
Potentially invasive 		 
NYFA: 0 counties
iNat
0 counties
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Crupina
edit
 
Crupina vulgaris
Crupina vulgaris has spread rapidly in western rangelands since first being reported in west-central Idaho in 1969. It has also been reported in Massachusetts.[1]
  1. ↑ Go Botany (2022). Crupina vulgaris Cass. Native Plant Trust.
Asteraceae — Carduoideae — Cardueae — Centaureinae — Crupina
Genus Crupina Bearded creeper N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Cass.
1819. Crupina vulgaris Cass.
Common crupina ⓘ
Bearded creeper ⓘ
False saw-wort ⓘ
Crupine ⓘ
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: 18 listing sources,
 GRIIS-US: Invasive,
Not listed in NYFA 		 
NYFA: not listed
iNat
GBIF
no NY observations
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
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