Flora of New York/Santalales

← Brassicales	Flora of New York — Santalales				→ Caryophyllales 1 Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae
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The Santalales is a largely parasitic order of plants. The only one of its families that is known to have native or naturalized members in New York is the Santalaceae.

Family Santalaceae

The Santalaceae (sandalwood family) ...^[1]

↑ Joshua P. Der & Daniel L. Nickrent (2008) "A Molecular Phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales)." Systematic Botany 33(1): pp. 107–116.

Comandra clade

Also treated as the Comandraceae^[1] (bastard-toadflax family), this group contains only the two species bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata) and false toadflax (Geocaulon lividum), both of which are native to New York.

↑ D.L. Nickrent et al. (2010) "A revised classification of Sanalales." Taxon 59(2):538-558, 4 Apr 2010.

Comandra

Comandra umbellata
bastard toadflax

Santalaceae — Comandra
Genus Comandra	Bastard-toadflax	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. umbellata 1753. Thesium umbellatum L. 1818. Comandra umbellata Nutt. 1905. Comandra richardsiana Fernald 1982. C. umbellatassp. richardsiana Á&D.Löve	Bastard toadflax	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Geocaulon

Santalaceae — Geocaulon
Genus Geocaulon	False-toadflax	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fernald 1823. Comandra livida Richardson 1921. Geocaulon lividum Fernald	False toadflax	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Cervantesia clade

Also treated as the family Cervantesiaceae,^[1] this is a group of parasitic flowering plants. Its only native or naturalized New York genus is Pyrularia.

↑ D.L.Nickrent et al. (2010) "A revised classification of Sanalales." Taxon 59(2):538-558, 4 Apr 2010.

Pyrularia

Pyrularia pubera
buffalo-nut

Pyrularia contains two species native to the Himalayas of China and one native to the southeastern United States. Buffalonut (Pyrularia pubera) is a root-parasitic shrub, Native to the Appalachians and foothills from Southern Pennsylvania to Alabama and Georgia.^[1] It appears to have naturalized on Long Island.

↑ Kim D. Coder (2011) "Tree Root Parasite: Pyrularia pubera Buffalonut." Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Native Species Series. WSFNR11-09, March 2011

Santalaceae — Pyrularia
Genus Pyrularia	Buffalo-nut	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pyrularia pubera Michx. 1803. Pyrularia pubera Michx.	Buffalo-nut, Oil-nut	Introduced, US South native		NYFA: Xm	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Viscum clade

Also treated as the family Viscaceae or tribe Visceae,^[1] this group contains seven genera worldwide, two of which have single New York native species. These are branch parasites

↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Website for the order Santalales, 25 June 2015

Arceuthobium

Arceuthobium pusillum
dwarf mistletoe

Arceuthobium pusillum or dwarf mistletoe parasitizes the branches of spruce, pine, and tamarack trees and is one of many causes for the deformations known as "witches brooms" seen on those trees.

Santalaceae — Arceuthobium
Genus Arceuthobium	Dwarf-mistletoe	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arceuthobium pusillum Peck 1872. Arceuthobium pusillum Peck 1891. Razoumofskya pusilla Kuntze	Dwarf mistletoe, Eastern dwarf-mistletoe	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3?	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Phoradendron

Phoradendron leucarpum
American mistletoe

American mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum) is believed to be native to Staten Island where it was reported growing on blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) trees until sometime prior to 1879. It is now considered to be extirpated from New York State.

Santalaceae — Phoradendron
Genus Phoradendron	Mistletoe	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C.Johnst. 1817. Viscum leucarpum Raf. ^[1] 1820. Viscum serotinum Raf. 1911. non P. leucocarpum Pacz. 1957. P. serotinum M.C.Johnst. 1989. P. leucarpum Reveal & M.C.Johnst.	American mistletoe, Oak mistletoe, Eastern mistletoe, Hairy mistletoe	Native, Extirpated		NYFA: Z	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ A pending conservation proposal would change the basionym of Phoradendron leucarpum from Viscum leucarpum to Viscum serotinum, avoiding the P. leucocarpum homonym and making the accepted name Phoradendron serotinum.

← Brassicales	Flora of New York — Santalales				→ Caryophyllales 1 Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

[1] Joshua P. Der & Daniel L. Nickrent (2008) "A Molecular Phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales)." Systematic Botany 33(1): pp. 107–116.

[2] D.L. Nickrent et al. (2010) "A revised classification of Sanalales." Taxon 59(2):538-558, 4 Apr 2010.

[3] D.L.Nickrent et al. (2010) "A revised classification of Sanalales." Taxon 59(2):538-558, 4 Apr 2010.

[4] Kim D. Coder (2011) "Tree Root Parasite: Pyrularia pubera Buffalonut." Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Native Species Series. WSFNR11-09, March 2011

[5] Angiosperm Phylogeny Website for the order Santalales, 25 June 2015

[6] A pending conservation proposal would change the basionym of Phoradendron leucarpum from Viscum leucarpum to Viscum serotinum, avoiding the P. leucocarpum homonym and making the accepted name Phoradendron serotinum.

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