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Flora of New York/Caryophyllales 1

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Santalales:
Santalaceae 		Flora of New York — Caryophyllales 1: : Droseraceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae →
Caryophyllales 2:
Caryophyllaceae
Table of
contents 		Genus
index 		Protected species index Invasive species index


Caryophyllales introduction Edit

The order Caryophyllales[1]
  1. ↑ Walker, J. F., Yang, Y., Feng, T., Timoneda, A., Mikenas, J., Hutchison, V., Edwards, C., et al. 2018. From cacti to carnivores: Improved phylotranscriptomic sampling and hierarchical homology inference provide further insight into the evolution of Caryophyllales. American Journal of Botany 105( 3): 446– 462.

Family Droseraceae Edit

The Droseraceae (sundew family) ...[1]
  1. ↑ Droseraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Drosera Edit

 
Drosera intermedia
spatulate-leaved sundew
Caryophyllales — Droseraceae — Drosera
Drosera Sundew N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Hayne
1753. Drosera longifolia L. p.p.
1801. Drosera intermedia Hayne
1809. Drosera americana Willd.
1824. Drosera intermedia
var. americana (Willd.) DC.
1915. Rorella intermedia Nieuwl.
 Spoon-leaved sundew,
Spoonleaf sundew,
Oblong-leaf sundew,
Spatulate-leaved sundew
Droséra intermédiaire,
Rossolis intermédiaire,
Rossolis à feuille longue 		Native,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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 L.
var. rotundifolia
 Round-leaved sundew,
Roundleaf sundew 		Native,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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 L.
var. comosa
 Round-leaved sundew Native,
Unranked
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-U
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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 Raf.
 Thread-leaved sundew Native,
Vulnerable
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-3
USDA-NN
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Wikispecies

Aldrovanda Edit

 
Aldrovanda vesiculosa
Although the waterwheel plant is listed as endangered globally it is considered potentially invasive in the Northeast, where this carnivorous aquatic plant has been introduced into private ponds by hobbyists and probably transported into the wild on the feet of birds.[1]
  1. ↑ Marion Renault (2019). "A Waterwheel in Crisis: This Carnivorous Plant Invaded New York. That May Be Its Only Hope." The New York Times. Aug. 13, 2019, Section D, Page 1.
Caryophyllales — Droseraceae — Aldrovanda
Aldrovanda waterwheel plant N.Y. Status Images Distribution  NPT
 L.
1753. Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.
1753. Aldrovanda verticillata Roxb.
1753. Drosera aldrovanda F.Muell.
1819. Ruelingia polyphylla Haw.
1826. Anacampseros polyphylla (Haw.) Sweet
1876. Aldrovanda vesiculosa var. verticillata (Roxb.) Darwin
1902. Aldrovanda generalis E.H.L.Krause
Waterwheel plant
Waterwheel
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [1],
Naturalized,
SNA,
NSE: Exotic GNR 		 
NYFA: Orange (2013)
iNat: no observations 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-X0
GBIF
iNaturalist
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Family Tamaricaceae Edit

Some sources still list the Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family) as part of the Violales.[1]
  1. ↑ Tamaricaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tamarix Edit

 
Tamarix parviflora
Several tamarisk or saltcedar (Tamarix) species are considered invasive in North America, and they can be difficult to distinguish from one another.[1] The New York Flora Atlas lists Tamarix parviflora as naturalized in Suffolk County. iNaturalist shows a 2020 observation of Tamarix parviflora on Shelter Island, but it had only been confirmed to genus level as of 2022.[2]
  1. ↑ Smallflower tamarisk (Tamarix parviflora). Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States.
  2. ↑ iNaturalist May 28, 2020 observation of Tamarix parviflora on Shelter Island, Suffolk County, NY
Caryophyllales — Tamaricaceae — Tamarix
Tamarix Tamarisk N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 DC.
1828. Tamarix parviflora DC.
1827. Tamarix laxa var. subspicata Ehrenb.
1852. Tamarix cretica Bunge
1907. Tamarix rubella Batt.
1928. Tamarix lucronensis
Sennen & Hermano Elias
Small-flowered tamarisk
Smallflower tamarisk
Saltcedar
 Introduced from
 southeast Europe,
 western Asia,
 northern Africa,
Naturalized 		 
NYFA: Suffolk (2012)
iNat: Suffolk (2020) 		NYFA-U
USDA-X0
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Family Plumbaginaceae Edit

The Plumbaginaceae (leadwort or Plumbago family)

Subfamily Limonioideae Edit

Tribe Limonieae Edit

Limonium Edit
 
Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton
sea-lavender
The genus Limonium is generally known as sea lavender or statice. But it's not related to lavender (Lavandula), which is in the Lamiaceae (mint family).

Limonium carolinianum is reported as secure in salt marshes along the New York Atlantic Coast.

According to the Flora of North America, although Limonium leptostachyum was reported from New York by R. S. Mitchell and G. C. Tucker (1997), it's doubtful that it could naturalize New York.[1]

  1. ↑ Alan R. Smith (2005). "Limonium" in Flora of North America, Volume 5.
Caryophyllales — Plumbaginaceae — Limonioideae — Limonieae — Limonium
Limonium Sea lavender N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Walter) Britton
Sea-lavender
American thrift
Lavender thrift
Seaside thrift
Canker root
Ink root
Marsh root
 Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk, Westchester NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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(Boiss.) Kuntze
    Statice leptostachya Boiss.
    Limonium leptostachyum
(Boiss.) Kuntze
 Statice Introduced from
 central Asia,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized,
SNA
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		Westchester (1898) NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
Armeria Edit
 
Armeria maritima
Armeria maritima is native to coastal regions throughout the northern hemisphere but has not been known to naturalize in New York. Its North American distribution is primarily along the west coast, but there is a fairly significant population near Lehigh Gap, Palmerton, Pennsylvania, where it was used for remediation in test plots downwind from zinc smelters that severely damaged the forest on top of Blue Mountain.
Caryophyllales — Plumbaginaceae — Limonioideae — Limonieae — Armeria
Armeria (excluded taxa) Thrift N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Mill.) Willd.
ssp. sibirica (Turcz.) Nyman
1844. Armeria labradorica Wallr.
1848. Armeria sibirica Turcz. ex Boiss.
1881. Armeria maritima ssp. sibirica (Turcz.) Nyman
1948. Armeria maritima ssp. labradorica (Wallr.) Hultén
1993. Armeria labradorica ssp. sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) Kamelin
Siberian sea thrift
N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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Subfamily Staticoideae Edit

Tribe Staticeae Edit

Psylliostachys Edit
 
Limonium suworowii
Caryophyllales — Plumbaginaceae — Staticoideae — Staticeae — Psylliostachys
Psylliostachys Statice N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Regel) Roshkova
1880. Statice suworowii Regel
1891. Limonium suworowii (Regel) Kuntze
1916. Limonium superbum (Regel) F.T.Hubb.
ex L.H.Bailey
1952. Psylliostachys suworowii (Regel) Roshkova
Russian-statice
Rat tail statice
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized 		 
NYFA: Tompkins (1926)
iNat: no counties 		NYFA-Xm
Kew POWO
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies

Family Polygonaceae Edit

The Polygonaceae (buckwheat family)

Subfamily Polygonoideae Edit

The order in which Polygonoideae tribes are shown here has been modified somewhat from Reveal's system, based on phylogenic data shown in Schuster et al. (2013) "Age Estimates for the Buckwheat Family Polygonaceae Based on Sequence Data Calibrated by Fossils and with a Focus on the Amphi-Pacific Muehlenbeckia.

Tribe Persicarieae Edit

Persicaria Edit

Kim & Donoghue (2008). Molecular phylogeny of Persicaria (Persicarieae, Polygonaceae). Systematic Botany 33(1): pp. 77–86

Persicaria sect. Persicaria Edit
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Persicarieae — Persicaria sect. Persicaria
Persicaria sect. Persicaria Smartweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Delarbre
1753. Polygonum lapathifolium L.
1794. Polygonum scabrum Moench
1800. Persicaria lapathifolia
(L.) Delarbre
1966. Persicaria scabra
(Moench) Moldenke
Dock-leaved smartweed
Pale smartweed
Willow-leaved smartweed
Curlytop knotweed
Curlytop smartweed
Pink knotweed
Willow-weed
Renouée à
feuilles de patience
 Native, CoC: 1,
Unranked,
Circumboreal
FACW
Annual,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-U
USDA-NX
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(L.) M.Gómez
1753. Polygonum pensylvanicum L.
1896. Persicaria pensylvanica
(L.) M.Gómez
 Pennsylvania smartweed
Renouée de Pennsylvanie 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure
OBL-FACW
Annual,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 (Elliott) Small
1817. Polygonum punctatum Elliott
1817. Pol. acre Kunth
1894. Pol. punctatum var. robustius Small
1903. Per. punctata Small
1903. Per. punctata var. robustior Small
1909. Per. robustior E.P.Bicknell
1921. Pol. robustius Fernald
1949. Pol. punctatum var. majus (Meisn.) Fassett
 Dotted smartweed
Renouée ponctuée 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure
OBL
Annual, perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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(Muhl. ex Willd.) Greene
1803. Pol. amphibium var. emersum
1808. Pol. inundatum Raf.
1809. Pol. coccineum Muhl. ex Willd.
1879. Pol. muehlenbergii S.Watson
1904. Pol. amphibium var. coccineum
1904. Per. coccinea
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Greene
1906. Per. muhlenbergii
(S.Watson) Small
1984. Per. amphibia var. emersa
 Scarlet smartweed,
Longroot smartweed 		Native, CoC: 5,
Unranked
OBL
Perennial,
Forb-herb 		  NYFA-N
USDA-
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ARS-GRIN
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 (L.) Delarbre
ssp. laevimarginata (Hult.) Soják
1803. Pol. amphibium var. natans Michx. (i)
1822. Pol. natans (Michx.) Eaton
1874. Pol. amphibium var. stipulaceum N.Coleman
1944. Pol. amphibium
ssp. laevimarginatum
1952. Per. amphibia var. stipulacea (Coleman) Hara
1974. Per. amphibia ssp. laevimarginata (Hultén) Soják
American water smartweed
Renouée amphibie 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Forb-herb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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(Michx.) Small
1803. Po. hydropiperoides Michx.
1892. Po. opelousanum
Riddell ex Small
1903. Pe. hydropiperoides Small
1903. Pe. opelousana Small
 Swamp smartweed,
False water-pepper,
Mild water-pepper
Renouée
  faux-poivre-d'eau 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-
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 (Olney) Greene
1847. Po. careyi Olney
1904. Pe. careyi (Olney) Greene
 Carey's smartweed
Renouée de Carey 		Native, CoC: 5,
Endangered
FACW
Annual,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-1-2
USDA-NN
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(Baldwin) Small
1817. Po. setaceum Baldwin
1903. Pe. setacea (Baldwin) Small
 Bog smartweed,
Swamp smartweed,
Bristly smartweed 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-1-2
USDA-N0
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(L.) Delarbre
1753. Polygonum hydropiper L.
1800. Pe. hydropiper Delarbre
1927. Po. hydropiper var. projectum
1943. Pe. hydropiper var. projecta
 Marshpepper smartweed,
Water-pepper smartweed,
Redleaf
Renouée poivre-d'eau 		Introduced from
 Europe 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 (L.) Spach
1753. Polygonum orientale L.
1841. Persicaria orientalis Spach
1899. Polygonum spaethii Dammer
 Kiss-me-over-
   the-garden-gate,
Prince's-feather,
Princess-feather
Renouée orientale 		Introduced from
 Asia,
 Australia 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 Gray
1753. Po. persicaria L.
1821. Pe. maculosa Gray
1903. Pe. persicaria Small
taut.
 Spotted lady's-thumb,
Redshank, Heart's-ease,
Smartweed,
Jesusplant
Renouée persicaire,
Pied rouge 		Introduced,
from Eurasia 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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(Vorosch.) Tzvelev
1984. Po. extremiorientale Vorosch.
1987. Pe. extremiorientalis
(Vorosch.) Tzvelev
 Far eastern smartweed Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
[1]		   NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Tropicos
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(Bruijn) Kitag.
1854. Polygonum longisetum Bruijn
1930. Po. cespitosum var. longisetum
1937. Pe. longiseta Kitag.
1941. Pe. longiseta Moldenke (i)
1987. Pe. caespitosa var. longiseta
 Bristly lady's-thumb,
Creeping smartweed 		Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 60%[2]		   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 (Huds.) Opiz
    Polygonum minus  Huds.
    Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz
Small water pepper
Pygmy smartweed
 Introduced from
 Eurasia
OBL 		  NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Persicaria sect. Persicaria (excluded taxa) Smartweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
    
    
    
Chinese knotweed
Chinese smartweed
 Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-00
CABI
Images
Wikispecies
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross
1825. Polygonum posumbu
Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
1825. Po. cespitosum Blume
1913. Persicaria posumbu
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Gross
1934. Pe. cespitosa (Blume) Nakai
Tufted knotweed
 Introduced,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
ssp. amphibia
    Persicaria amphibia
    
    
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
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Persicaria amphibia ssp.
 laevimarginata × coccinea
  Persicaria amphibia
     ssp. laevimarginata ×
  Persicaria coccinea
    
    
    
 Hybrid of
 water smartweed &
 scarlet smartweed 		Native,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Daniel E. Atha, et. al. (2010) "Persicaria extremiorientalis (Polygonaceae) is established in the flora of the eastern United States of America." The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 137(4):333-338.
  2. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Persicaria longiseta: Moderate (60). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.
Persicaria sect. Tovara Edit
 
Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaert.
jumpseed
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Persicarieae — Persicaria sect. Tovara
Persicaria sect. Tovara Smartweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Gaert.
1753. Polygonum virginianum L.
1790. Persicaria virginiana Gaertn.
1836. Tovara virginiana Raf.
1964. Antenoron virginianum
Roberty & Vautier
 Jumpseed,
Virginia knotweed
Renouée de Virginie 		Native,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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Persicaria sect. Echinocaulon Edit
 
Persicaria perfoliata, mile-a-minute weed
Persicaria sect. Echinocaulon contains armed climbers known as tearthumbs. Two of these are New York natives, and one P. perfoliata (mile-a-minute weed) is a fairly recent introduction from Asia that is considered to be very highly-invasive in New York.
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Persicarieae — Persicaria sect. Echinocaulon
Persicaria sect. Echinocaulon Tearthumbs N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) H.Gross
1753. Polygonum sagittatum L.
1903. Tracaulon sagittatum Small
1919. Persicaria sagittata H.Gross
1974. Truellum sagittatum Soják
 Arrowleaf tearthumb,
Arrow-leaved tearthumb,
American tearthumb,
Arrow-vine,
Scratch-grass
Renouée sagittée 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 (L.) Haraldson
1753. Polygonum arifolium L.
1836. Tracaulon arifolium Raf.
1978. Persicaria arifolia Haraldson
 Halberdleaf tearthumb,
Halberd-leaved tearthumb
Renouée à feuilles d'arum 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
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FNA
Tropicos
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 (L.) H. Gross
1759. Polygonum perfoliatum L.
1913. Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross
 Mile-a-minute weed,
Asiatic tearthumb,
Climbing tearthumb,
Devil's-tail climbing tearthumb,
Giant climbing tearthumb 		Introduced from
 Asia,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 91%[1],
Prohibited[2],
CP-2[3] NE-1[4]		   NYFA-X
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
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Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Persicaria perfoliata: Very high (91). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
  3. ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  4. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon Edit
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Persicarieae — Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon
Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon Smartweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
1825. Polygonum alatum Buch.-Ham.
ex D. Don
1826. Polygonum nepalense Meisn.
1886. Polygonum alatum var. nepalense
1913. Persicaria nepalensis H.Gross
 Nepal smartweed,
Nepal knotweed
Renouée du Népal 		Introduced from
 Asia,
Potentially invasive,
 NYIS: 47%[1]		   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Persicaria longiseta: Unknown (47). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.
Persicaria sect. Rubrivena Edit
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Persicarieae — Persicaria sect. Rubrivena
Persicaria sect. Rubrivena (excluded taxa) Smartweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Greuter & Burdet
1832. Polygonum polystachyum
Wall. ex Meisn.
1941. Reynoutria polystachya Moldenke
1969. Aconogonon polystachyum M.Král
1985. Rubrivena polystachya M.Král
1989. P. wallichii Greuter & Burdet
Himalayan knotweed
Giant smart-weed
Kashmir plume
Garden smartweed
Cultivated knotweed
 Introduced from
 Asia,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
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Tribe Fagopyreae Edit

Fagopyrum Edit
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Fagopyreae — Fagopyrum
Fagopyrum Buckwheat N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Moench
1753. Polygonum fagopyrum L.
1794. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
    F. sagittatum Gilib.
    F. vulgare Hill
    F. fagopyrum (L.) H.Karst.
 Buckwheat,
Common buckwheat
Sarrasin commun 		Introduced,
Not naturalized 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 (L.) Gaertn.
1753. Polygonum tataricum L.
1790. Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.
 Tartarian buckwheat,
Tartary buckwheat,
Green buckwheat,
Japanese buckwheat,
India-wheat 		Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies

Tribe Rumiceae Edit

Rumex Edit
Rumex subg. Axillares Edit
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Rumiceae — Rumex subg. Axillares
Rumex subg. Axillares Dock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Rech.f.
1926. R. salicifolius ssp. triangulivalvis
1936. R. triangulivalvis Rech.f.
1964. R. salicifolius var. triangulivalvis
1964. R. triangulivalvis var. oreolapathum
 White dock,
White willow dock,
Triangular-valved dock 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
2n = 20 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Rumex verticillatus L.
1856. R. floridanus Meisn.
1895. R. fascicularis Small
 Swamp dock,
Water dock 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
2n = 60 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Rumex britannica L.
1856. R. hydrolapathum var. americanum
1867. R. orbiculatus A.Gray
1937. R. britannica var. borealis
 Water dock,
Greater water dock,
British dock 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
2n = 20 		  NYFA-5
USDA-N0
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 Alph.Wood
1847. Rumex altissimus Alph.Wood
1856. R. britannicus Meisn. non L.
1856. R. britannica Meisn. non L.
Pale dock
Tall dock
Smooth dock
Patience élevée
 Native, CoC: 10,
Secure,
2n = 20 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 Bigelow
1840. Rumex pallidus Bigelow
    
    
Sea-beach dock
Seaside dock
Pale willow dock
White dock
 Native, CoC: 10,
Unranked,
2n = 20 		  NYFA-U
USDA-NN
FNA
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Images
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Rumex subg. Axillares (excluded taxa) Dock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Weinm.
1821. Rumex salicifolius Weinm.
    
    
Willow dock
Willow-leaf dock
 N. America native
 s.w. N. America,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NM
ARS-GRIN
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 Meisn.
1856. Rumex mexicanus Meisn.
1964. R. salicifolius var. mexicanus (Meisn.) C.L.Hitchc.
    
Mexican dock
Mexican-willow
White dock
 N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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Rumex pallidus × triangulivalvis
  Rumex pallidus ×
  Rumex triangulivalvis
    
    
    
 Hybrid of
 sea-beach dock &
 white dock
 N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
Rumex pallidus × mexicanus
  Rumex pallidus ×
  Rumex mexicanus
    
    
    
 Hybrid of
 sea-beach dock &
 Mexican dock
 N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
Rumex subg. Rumex Edit
 
Rumex fueginus
Plants of subg. Rumex are generally synoecious (have male and female organs in the same flower), but polygamodioecious or dioecious individuals occasionally occur in some species.
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Rumiceae — Rumex subg. Rumex
Rumex subg. Rumex Dock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Phil.
1895. Rumex fueginus Phil.
1900. Rumex maritimus var. fueginus Dusén
1915. Rumex maritimus var. athrix H.St.John
1937. Rumex fueginus var. athrix (H.St.John) Rech.f.
1937. Rumex fueginus var. typicus Rech.f.
1968. Rumex maritimus ssp. fueginus Hultén
2010. Rumex persicarioides var. fueginus (Phil.) A.Haines[1]
American golden dock
Tierra del Fuego dock
Sea-side dock
Golden dock
 Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
2n = 40 		 
NYFA: 11 counties
iNat: 2 NRG observations 		NYFA-1
USDA-NN
COL
GBIF
Kew POWO
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 L.
1753. Rumex persicarioides L.
1794. Lapathum persicarioides (L.) Moench
1978. Rumex maritimus var. persicarioides (L.) R.S.Mitch.
Coastal dock
Peach-leaved dock
American golden dock
Golden dock
Seaside dock
Seashore dock
Rumex fausse-persicaire
Patience fausse-persicaire
Patience faux-persicaire
 Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports,
2n = 40 		 
NYFA: Suffolk (1879-1926)
iNat: No observations 		NYFA-H
USDA-NN
COL
GBIF
WFO
Kew POWO
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 L.
 ssp. crispus
    Rumex crispus L.
    
    
 Curly dock,
Sour dock,
Yellow dock 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [2],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR,
NSE: Exotic
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 60 		 
NYFA: 45 counties
iNat: 54 counties 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
GBIF
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 L.
 ssp. obtusifolius
 Bitter dock,
Broad-leaved dock 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [3],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA,
NSE: Exotic
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 40 		 
NYFA: 48 counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
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 Mert. & W.D.J.Koch
  Rumex crispus ×
  Rumex obtusifolius
1753. Rumex × acutus L. (pro sp.
1826. Rumex × pratensis Mert. & W.D.J.Koch
1855. Rumex × crispobtusifolius Meisn.
Field dock
Meadow dock
 Introduced  
NYFA: ? counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-XN
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Dooryard dock,
Long-leaved dock,
Northern dock 		Introduced,
Naturalized,
2n = 60 		 
NYFA: 20 counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
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 L.
 Patience dock Introduced,
Naturalized,
2n = 60 		 
NYFA: ? counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Xn
USDA-XX
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 Simonkai
  Rumex crispus ×
  Rumex patientia
 Large curly dock,
Confused dock 		Introduced  
NYFA: ? counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-X0
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Rumex subg. Rumex (excluded taxa) Dock N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
    
    
    
Redvein dock
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA: ? counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XW
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  1. ↑ Rumex persicarioides L. var. fueginus (Phil.) A.Haines (2010). "New combinations for the New England tracheophyte flora." Stantec Botanical Notes" No. 13.
Rumex subg. Acetosa Edit
 
Rumex acetosa
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Rumiceae — Acetosa
Rumex subg. Acetosa Sorrel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Baldwin
1817. Rumex hastatulus Baldwin
1856. Rumex engelmannii Meisn.
1948. Acetosa hastatula Á.Löve
 Heartwing sorrel,
Heart-winged sorrel,
Wild sorrel,
Heartwing dock,
Wild dock 		Native,
Endangered 		 
NYFA: Suffolk (1872-1987)
iNat: Suffolk (2020?) 		NYFA-1
USDA-N0
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 L.
1753. Rumex acetosa L.
1768. Acetosa pratensis Mill.
1903. R. acetosa ssp. pratensis
 Garden sorrel,
Green sorrel,
Common sorrel,
Common dock,
Sourdock
Oseille de prés,
Grande oseille 		Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [4],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5,
NSE: Exotic
UPL-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		 
NYFA: 20 counties
iNat: No RG observations 		NYFA-X
USDA-XM
GBIF
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Rumex subg. Acetosella Edit
 
Rumex acetosella
Rumex acetosella (sheep sorrel) is the only Rumex species currently listed in the New York State Invasive Species Tiers Table. It is listed with an Ecological Invasiveness of Moderate but shown as untiered in all PRISMS except Finger Lakes, where it has been assigned Tier 4 (Local Control). [1]
  1. ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers Table, Updated March 16, 2022, New York Natural Heritage Program
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Rumiceae — Acetosella
Rumex subg. Acetosella Sorrel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. pyrenaicus (Pourr. ex Lapeyr.) Akeroyd
1991. Rumex acetosella ssp. pyrenaicus (Pourr. ex Lapeyr.) Akeroyd
1818. Rumex pyrenaicus Pourr. ex Lapeyr.
 auct. Rumex acetosella ssp. angiocarpus (Murb.) Murb. misapplied
 Sheep sorrel,
Red sorrel,
Field sorrel
Oseille,
Petite oseille,
Sûrette 		Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 66%[1],
 NYIS Tier: Untiered (FL-4),
 Invasive.org: [5],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized,
CP-4[2]		  
NYFA: 48 counties
iNat: 30 counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 L.
 ssp. acetosella
1753. Rumex acetosella L.
1869. Acetosella vulgaris Fourr.
    
Sheep sorrel
 Introduced from
 Europe,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA: ? counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
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 L.
 ssp. multifidus (L.) Arcang.
1762. Rumex multifidus L.
1834. Rumex acetosella ssp. multifidus
    
    
 Sheep sorrel,
Red sorrel,
Field sorrel
Oseille,
Petite oseille,
Sûrette 		Introduced from
 Europe,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA: ? counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Rumex acetosella: Moderate (66).
  2. ↑ Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
Rheum Edit
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Rumiceae — Rheum
Rheum L. Rhubarb N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Rheum rhabarbarum L.
1762. R. undulatum L.
1879. R. franzenbachii Münter
 Garden rhubarb,
Pie-plant,
Rhubarb,
Wine-plant
Rhubarbe
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized
Perennial,
Herb-forb,
2n = 44 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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Rheum L. (excluded taxa) Rhubarb N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Rheum rhaponticum L.
    
    
European rhubarb
False rhubarb
 Introduced,
N.Y. excluded,
2n = 22 		  NYFA-Excluded
ITIS
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Tribe Polygoneae Edit

Polygonum Edit
The Flora of North America recognizes the two sections Duravia and Polygonum used here.[1]
  1. ↑ 30. Polygonum Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 19+ vols. New York and Oxford.
Polygonum sect. Duravia Edit
Schuster, Reveal & Kron (2011)[1] transferred Polygonella articulata back to Polygonum articulatum.
  1. ↑ Tanja M. Schuster, James L. Reveal & Kathleen A. Kron (2011) "Phylogeny of Polygoneae (Polygonaceae: Polygonoideae)." Taxon, 60(6), Dec. 2011, pp. 1653-1666.
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Polygoneae — Polygonum sect. Duravia
Polygonum sect. Duravia subsect. Polygonella Jointweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Polygonum articulatum L.
1841. Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisn.
1932. Delopyrum articulatum (L.) Small
 Coastal jointweed,
Northern jointweed,
Coast jointweed
Polygonelle articulée 		Native,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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Polygonum sect. Duravia subsect. Duravia Knotweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx. (1803)
P. tenue var. protrusum
 Pleatleaf knotweed,
Pleat-leaved knotweed,
Slender knotweed 		Native,
Rare 		  NYFA-3
USDA-NN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Greene
 Douglas knotweed Native,
Threatened 		  NYFA-2
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Polygonum sect. Polygonum Edit
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Polygoneae — Polygonum
Polygonum sect. Polygonum Knotweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 S.F.Blake
1917. Polygonum achoreum S.F.Blake
1982. Polygonum erectum ssp. achoreum Á & D.Löve
 Leathery knotweed,
Blake's knotweed,
Striate knotweed
Renouée coriace 		Native, CoC: 0,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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 Michx.
ssp. prolificum (Small) Costea & Tardif
1894. Polygonum ramosissimum var. prolificum Small
1902. Polygonum prolificum (Small) B.L. Rob.
1948. Polygonum prolificum var. autumnale (Brenckle) Brenckle
1948. Polygonum prolificum var. profusum Brenckle
2003. Polygonum ramosissimum ssp. prolificum (Small) Costea & Tardif
Proliferous knotweed
Bushy knotweed
Saltmarsh knotweed
Renouée prolifique
 Native, CoC: 1,
Introduced 		  NYFA-NX
USDA-NN
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 Michx.
ssp. ramosissimum
1803. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx.
1894. Polygonum exsertum Small
1894. Polygonum interior Small
1904. Polygonum leptocarpum B.L.Rob.
1909. Polygonum atlanticum (B.L.Rob.) E.P.Bicknell
1913. Polygonum triangulum E.P.Bicknell ex Small
1932. Polygonum latum Small ex Rydb.
1941. Polygonum stevensii Brenckle
 Bushy knotweed,
Slender knotgrass,
Renouée à fleurs jaunes 		Native, CoC: 1,
Introduced 		  NYFA-NX
USDA-NN
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 Nutt.
    
    Polygonum aviculare var. glaucum
 Seabeach knotweed,
Seaside knotweed 		Native, CoC: 8,
Rare 		  NYFA-3
USDA-N0
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 L.
1753. Polygonum erectum L.
Erect knotweed
Upright knotweed
Devil's shoestring
Leathery knotweed
Striate knotweed
Wireweed
Renouée dressée
 Native, CoC: 10,
No recent reports,
Impersistent 		  NYFA-Zm
USDA-NN
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 Small
1906. Polygonum buxiforme Small
1831. Polygonum aviculare var. littorale (Link) Mert. & W.D.J. Koch (i)
2003. Polygonum aviculare ssp. buxiforme (Small) Costea & Tardif
 Box knotweed,
Small's knotweed,
American knotweed
Renouée faux-buis
 Native, CoC: 0,
Endangered 		  NYFA-1
USDA-NN
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 L.
ssp. aviculare
    
1753. Polygonum aviculare L.
1912. Polygonum heterophyllum Lindm.
 Common knotweed,
Dooryard knotweed,
Doorweed,
Prostrate knotweed 		Introduced,
N. America native 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 L.
ssp. depressum (Meisn.) Arcang.
1856. Polygonum aviculare var. depressum
1857. Polygonum arenastrum Boreau
1882. Polygonum aviculare ssp. depressum
1912. Polygonum aequale Lindm.
1942. Polygonum montereyense Brenckle
 Common knotweed,
Oval-leaved knotweed,
Equal-leaved knotgrass
Renouée à petits fruits 		Introduced   NYFA-X
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 L.
 ssp. neglectum (Besser) Arcang.
1785. Polygonum bellardii All.
1822. Polygonum neglectum Besser
1882. Polygonum aviculare ssp. neglectum
 Narrowleaf knotweed,
Narrow-leaved knotweed 		Introduced from
 Eurasia 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XN
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 Jaubert & Spach
    
1844. Polygonum polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach
Himalayan knotweed
Manyleg knotweed
 Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized 		NYFA-Xm
USDA-X0
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Polygonum sect. Polygonum (excluded taxa) Knotweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 All.
1792. Polygonum procumbens Gilib.
1822. Polygonum neglectum Besser
1841. Polygonum nervosum Wallr.
1857. Polygonum agrestinum Jord. ex Boreau
1882. Polygonum bellardii All.
1959. Polygonum rectum (Chrtek) Scholz
 Bellard's knotweed,
Narrow-leaved knotweed 		Introduced from
 Europe,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XN
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 L.
 ssp. rurivagum
    
 Narrow-leaved knotweed Introduced,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
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 C.A.Mey. & Bunge ex Ledeb.
ssp. raii (Bab.) D.A.Webb & Chater
1836. Polygonum raii Bab.
1963. Polygonum oxyspermum ssp. rali (Bab.) D.A.Webb & Chater
    
Ray's knotweed
Renouée de Ray
 N. America native
 eastern Canada
 Maine,
N.Y. excluded
Annual-perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Polygonum maritimum L.
1849. Polygonum chilense K.Koch
1913. Polygonum maritimum var. chilense (K. Koch) Skottsb.
Introduced,
N.Y. excluded,
Missaplied to
 P. glaucum 		  NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
Fallopia Edit
Fallopia sect. Fallopia Edit
 
Fallopia scandens from Wild Flowers of New York (1918)
False-buckwheat (Fallopia) contains vines similar to those of Convolvulaceae (in order Solanales), many of which are also known as bindweeds.
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Polygoneae — Fallopia sect. Fallopia
Fallopia Adanson sect. Fallopia False-buckwheat N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) Holub
1803. Polygonum cilinode Michx.
1903. Tiniaria cilinodis Small
1904. Bilderdykia cilinodis Greene
1967. Reynoutria cilinodis Shinners
1971. Fallopia cilinodis Holub
 Fringed black bindweed,
Fringed bindweed,
Blackfringe knotweed
Renouée à noeuds ciliés 		Native,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 (L.) Holub
var. scandens
1753. Polygonum scandens L.
1867. Polygonum dumetorum var. scandens A.Gray
1913. Bilderdykia scandens Greene
1913. Fagopyrum scandens H.Gross
1967. Reynoutria scandens Shinners
1971. Fallopia scandens Holub
 Climbing false-buckwheat
Renouée grimpante 		Native,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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 (L.) Holub
var. cristatum (Engelm. & A.Gray) H.R.Hinds
1845. Polygonum cristatum Engelm. & A.Gray
1904. Bilderdykia cristata Greene
1952. P. scandens var. cristatum Gleason
1971. Fallopia cristata Holub
2005. F. scandens var. cristatum H.R.Hinds
 Climbing false-buckwheat,
Crested bindweed 		Native,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-N0
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 (L.) Á. Löve
1753. Polygonum convolvulus L.
1970. Fallopia convolvulus Á. Löve
 Black bindweed,
Wild buckwheat,
Eurasian black bindweed
Renouée liseron,
Renouée faux-liseron,
Chevrier 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [6],
 USGS: L48 invasive,
Naturalized 		 
NYFA: 53 counties
iNat: ? counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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 (L.) Holub
1762. Polygonum dumetorum L.
1952. P. scandens var. dumetorum Gleason
1971. Fallopia dumetorum Holub
 Climbing false buckwheat,
Thicket bindweed,
Copse-bindweed,
Desert knotgrass
Renouée des haies 		Introduced,
from Eurasia 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XN
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 (Regel) Holub
1885. Polygonum baldschuanicum Regel
1907. Polygonum aubertii L.Henry
1941. Reynoutria baldschuanica Moldenke
1971. Fallopia baldschuanica Holub
1971. Fallopia aubertii Holub
 Bukhara fleeceflower,
China fleece vine,
Silver lace-vine,
Mile-a-minute-vine,
Russianvine 		Introduced,
Invasive,
 NYIS: 51%[1]		   Kings (1992), Monroe, Orange(1990,96) NYFA-X
USDA-X0
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ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
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  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Fallopia baldschuanica: Moderate (51%).
Reynoutria Edit
 
Reynoutria japonica
Knotweed (Reynoutria — syns. Polygonum and Fallopia) includes the very common Japanese knotweed (R. japonica var. japonica) and the less common giant knotweed (R. sachalinensis). The hybrid of the two (R. × bohemica or Bohemian knotweed), often occurs mixed in with Japanese knotweed. All three are considered to be very highly invasive in New York State.
Caryophyllales — Polygonaceae — Polygonoideae — Polygoneae — Reynoutria
Reynoutria Knotweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Houtt.
var. japonica
1777. Reynoutria japonica Houtt.
1846. Polygonum cuspidatum
Siebold & Zucc.
1901. Polygonum reynoutria Makino illeg.
1919. Pleuropterus cuspidatus
(Siebold & Zucc.) H. Gross
1926. Reynoutria henryi Nakai
1946. Tiniaria japonica (Houtt.) Hedberg
1988. Fallopia japonica Ronse Decr.
2008. Polygonum japonicum
(Houtt.) S.L.Welsh illeg.
Japanese knotweed
Mexican bamboo
Japanese bamboo
Fleeceflower
Japanese winged-knotweed
Renouée du Japon
 Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Very highly invasive,
NYIS: 98%[1],
Prohibited[2],
CP-2[3] NE-1[4]		   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
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(F.Schmidt) Nakai
1859. Polygonum sachalinense F.Schmidt
1919. Reynoutria sachalinensis
(F. Schmidt) Nakai
1950. Tiniaria sachalinensis Janchen
1988. Fallopia sachalinensis Ronse Decr.
Giant knotweed
Sakhalin knotweed
Sachaline knotweed
Elephant-ear
Giant winged-knotweed
Renouée de Sakhaline
 Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 98%[1],
Prohibited[2],
CP-3[5]		   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
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Chrtek & Chrtková
  Reynoutria japonica ×
  Reynoutria sachalinensis
1983. Reynoutria × bohemica
Chrtek & Chrtková
1989. Fallopia × bohemica J.P.Bailey
2003. Polygonum × bohemicum
Zika & Jacobson
 Bohemian knotweed,
Hybrid Japanese
 & giant knotweed
Renouée de Bohème 		Introduced,
Very highly invasive,
NYIS: 98%[1],
Prohibited[2],
CP-2[3]		   Tompkins (2004) NYFA-X
USDA-XX
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VASCAN
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b c New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Fallopia spp.: Very highly invasive (98%).
  2. ↑ a b c New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species
  3. ↑ a b Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  4. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  5. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
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