Flora of New York/Poaceae 4

← Poaceae 3	Flora of New York — Poales : Poaceae : Pooideae : Poeae				→ Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Tribe Poeae R.Br. (1814) worldwide contains 2776 species in 118 genera. Soreng et al. (1990) identified two plastid clades: Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type) and Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type).^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type) Edit

Subtribe Torreyochloinae Edit

Subtribe Torreyochloinae Soreng (2003) contains Amphibromus, and Torreyochloa.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Torreyochloa Edit

Torreyochloa pauciflora

Torreyochloa (false mannagrass) has also been treated as a section of Puccinellia (alkali grass). Torreyochloa can be distinguished from similar wetland species of Glyceria and Puccinellia by Torreyochloa's open leaf sheaths, 3-veined upper glumes, and conspicuous veins on its lemmas.^[1]

↑ Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 285.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Torreyochloinae — Torreyochloa
Torreyochloa	False manna grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore 1906. Glyceria pallida var. fernaldii 1917. Glyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) H.St.John 1949. T. fernaldii (Hitchc.) G.L.Church 1964. T. pallida var. fernaldii 1966. Puccinellia fernaldii (Hitchc.) E.G.Voss	Fernald's false mannagrass Glycérie de Fernald	Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G. L. Church var. pallida 1819. Windsoria pallida Torr. 1829. Uralepis pallida (Torr.) Kunth 1836. Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. 1891. Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze 1949. T. pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church 1952. Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) R.T.Clausen	Pale false mannagrass, Pale mannagrass Glycérie pâle	Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Aveninae Edit

Subtribe Aveninae J. Presl (1830) contains Arrhenatherum, Avellinia, Avena, Gaudinia, Graphephorum, Helictotrichon, Koeleria, Lagurus, Leptophyllochloa, Peyritschia, Rostraria, Sphenopholis, Trisetaria, Tricholemma, and Trisetum.^[1] Genera in bold text have been found in New York.

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Sphenopholis Edit

Sphenopholis pensylvanica

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Sphenopholis
Sphenopholis Scribn.	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. 1909. Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb	Slender wedge grass, Slender wedgescale	Native, CoC: 6, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. (1906)	Shiny wedge grass, Shiny wedgescale	Native, CoC: 8, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. (1906)	Prairie wedgegrass, Prairie wedgescale	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc. 1753. Avena pennsylvanica L. 1817. Trisetum pensylvanicum (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. 1823. Arrhenatherum pensylvanicum (L.) Torr. 1915. Sphenopholis pennsylvanica (L.) Hitchc.	Swamp oats Swamp wedgescale	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis (excluded taxa)	Wedge scale	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sphenopholis × pallens Sphenopholis obtusata × Sphenopholis pensylvanica		Native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Sphenopholis intermedia × nitida Sphenopholis intermedia × Sphenopholis nitida		Native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Trisetum Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Trisetum
Trisetum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trisetum spicatum (L.) K.Richt.	Narrow false oats, Spike trisetum	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Avena flavescens 1805. Trisetum pratense Pers. 1812. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1816. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg.	Yellow oatgrass, Yellow oat grass, Golden oat grass Avoine dorée, Avoine jaunâtre	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-XW ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Graphephorum Edit

Graphephorum melicoides

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Graphephorum
Graphephorum	False oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Graphephorum melicoides (Michx.) Desv. 1803. Aira melicoides Michx. 1810. Graphephorum melicoides (Michx.) Desv. 1818. Poa melicoides (Michx.) Nutt. 1884. Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Scribn.	Melic oats Purple false oats False melic Trisèe fausse-mélique	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Koeleria Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Koeleria
Koeleria	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. 1753. Aira cristata L. 1812. Aira macrantha Ledeb. 1824. K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. auct. K. cristata non Pers. (i) auct. K. pyramidata non (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Junegrass, Prairie Junegrass	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Koeleria (excluded taxa)	June grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. 1791. Poa pyramidata Lam. 1812. K. pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv.	Misapplied to American Junegrass	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Arrhenatherum Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Arrhenatherum
Arrhenatherum	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. elatius	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Arrhenatherum (excluded taxa)	Oat grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1799. Avena bulbosa Willd. 1825. Arrh. elatius var. bulbosum 1834. Arrh. elatius ssp. bulbosum	Tall oatgrass	Introduced, No specimens			NYFA-D USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Avena Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Avena
Avena	Oat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avena fatua L. Avena fatua L. Avena hybrida	Wild oat	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Unknown naturalization, IPA			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Avena sativa L. Avena sativa L. Avena byzantina Avena fatua var. sativa	Common oat, Cultivated oat	Introduced, Not naturalized, IPA			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images Wikispecies

Rostraria Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aveninae — Rostraria
Rostraria	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev Festuca cristata (L.) Tzvelev Koeleria gerardii Koeleria phleoides	Mediterranean hairgrass	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Phalaridinae Edit

Subtribe Phalaridinae Fr. (1835) contains only the genus Phalaris.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Phalaris Edit

Phalaris arundinacea

Two canary grasses, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) and Phalaris canariensis (annual canary grass) are common in New York.

The New York Flora Atlas (2021) lists Phalaris arundinacea as native to New York because native genotypes of the grass once occurred in the state. But the Atlas states that the native genotypes are either extirpated or very rare, referring to Jakubowski et al. (2012 & 2014)^[1] and Nelson et al. (2014).^[2]

Although the New York Flora Atlas only lists Phalaris arundinacea var. picta as a synonym of Phalaris arundinacea, the Catalogue of New World Grasses (2003) lists both P. arundinacea var. arundinacea and P. arundinacea var picta as valid taxa.^[3] Because the ornamental var. picta is readily identifiable by its striped leaves, it's doubtful that it has naturalized in New York without being reported. However, it is believed that hardy European races of var. arundinacea have been introduced at various times since early European settlement and have probably hybridized with American races. So, the Phalaris arundinacea species may be considered invasive in New York.^[4]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phalaridinae — Phalaris
Phalaris	Canary grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea 1753. Phalaris arundinacea L. 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea Rauschert	Reed canary grass Reed canarygrass Alpiste roseau	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 78%^[1], USGS: L48 not listed, SNR, G5, CP-3^[2], Highly invasive^[3] FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun			NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L. 1753. P. arundinacea var. picta L. 1852. Phalaris picta (L.) Sloboda 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea ssp. japonica	Ornamental canary grass, Ribbon grass, Gardener's gaiters Alpiste ruban, Ruban de la vierge	Introduced, Potentially invasive FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun			NYFA-0 USDA-0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Phalaris canariensis L. 1753. Phalaris canariensis L. 1794. Phalaris ovata Moench 1796. Phalaris avicularis Salisb.	Annual canary grass, Common canary grass, Seed canary grass, Birdseed grass	Introduced from Europe, Canary Isands FACU Annual, Graminoid		30 counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America.

Subtribe Anthoxanthinae Edit

Subtribe Anthoxanthinae A. Gray (1856) contains only Anthoxanthum.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Anthoxanthum Edit

Anthoxanthum is known variously as sweetgrass, vernalgrass, vanillagrass, or holygrass. The merging of the genus Hierochloe into Anthoxanthum by Schouten and Veldkamp (1985) may be cause for confusion between the native Anthoxanthum nitens (formerly Hierochloe odorata) and the Eurasian Anthoxanthum odoratum. These are two distinct species, and A. nitens appears never to have been considered a sub-taxon of A. odoratum.

Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe Edit

Anthoxanthum nitens

The grasses of Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe are generally known as sweetgrass. Because A. hirtum and A. nitens were previously included together under Hierochloe odorata, the county-level distribution shown here for these two species is likely incorrect. The A. hirtum map is based on the BONAP map, while the A. nitens is based on the NYFA map as of 10-Nov-2016.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Anthoxanthinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe
Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe	Sweet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp ssp. nitens 1753. Holcus odoratus L. 1787. Poa nitens Weber 1806. Ho. borealis Schrad. (i) 1812. Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv. 1817. Hi. borealis (Schrad.) Roem. & Schult. (i) 1898. Savastana nashii E.P.Bicknell 1914. Hi. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) Kaczmarek 1915. Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc. 1921. T. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) House 1985. Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp	Vanilla sweet grass, Vanilla sweetgrass, Common sweetgrass, Vanilla grass, Holy grass, Manna grass, Seneca grass Hiérochloé odorante, Hiérochloé odorant, Avoine odorante, Foin d'odeur, Herbe sainte, Houlque boréale	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1789. Savastana hirta Schrank 1830. Hierochloe arctica J.Presl 1900. H. hirta (Schrank) Borbas 1930. H. odorata var. annulata 1971. H. hirta ssp. arctica 1973. H. odorata ssp. hirta 1976. H. odorata ssp. arctica 1979. H. hirta var. annulata 1985. Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1996. A. hirtum ssp. arcticum ^[1]	Hairy sweetgrass, Hairy sweet grass, Northern sweetgrass, Northern sweet grass Hiérochloé hérissée	Native, CoC: 2, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-U USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp ssp. monticola 1816. Holcus monticola Bigelow 1817. Dimesia monticola (Bigelow) Raf. 1954. Hierochloe orthantha T.J.Sørensen 1962. Hi. alpina var. orthantha 1964. Hi. monticola (Bigelow) Á.Löve & D.Löve (i) 1971. Hi. alpina ssp. orthantha 1985. A. monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp 1996. A. monticola ssp. orthanthum 2012. A. monticola ssp. monticola	Alpine sweetgrass Hiérochloé des montagnes	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007). ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.

Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum Edit

Anthoxanthum odoratum

The Old-World Anthoxanthum species found in New York often go by the name vernal grass and appear to be more widespread in the state than the native sweetgrass.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Anthoxanthinae — Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum
Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum	Vernal grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1753. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1823. A. villosum Dumort. 1873. A. odoratum var. villosum 1880. Xanthonanthos odoratum (L.) St.-Lag.	Sweet vernal grass, Sweet vernalgrass, Large sweet grass, Large sweet vernalgrass, Scented vernal grass Flouve odorante, Foin d'odeur	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag. var. aristatum (Boiss.) Pérez Lara 1842. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 1848. A. puelii Lecoq & Lamotte 1854. A. odoratum var. puelii 1854. A. odoratum var. aristatum 1886. A. ovatum var. aristatum	Vernal grass, Annual vernalgrass, Small sweet vernal grass Flouve aristée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not Naturalized Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Brizinae Edit

Subtribe Brizinae Tzvelev (1968) Airopsis and Briza.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Briza Edit

Briza maxima

Quakinggrass (Briza).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Brizinae — Briza
Briza	Quakinggrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Briza maxima L.	Big quakinggrass, Large quaking grass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Briza media L.	Perennial quaking grass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XW Images Wikispecies
Briza (excluded taxa)	Quakinggrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Briza minor L.	Little quakinggrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Echinopogoninae Edit

Subtribe Echinopogoninae Soreng (2017) contains Ancistragrostis, Dichelachne, Echinopogon, Pentapogon, Relchela,^[1] and Greeneochloa.^[2]

Greeneochloa Edit

Greeneochloa coarctata

Greeneochloa P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá (2019) was segregated from Calamagrostis based on phylogenetic and morphological differences. It contains type species Greeneochloa coarctata (syn. Calamagrostis coarctata Eaton), which is present in New York State.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Echinopogoninae — Greeneochloa
Greeneochloa	Reedgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Greeneochloa coarctata P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá auct. Calamagrostis cinnoides W.P.C.Barton (i) 1823. Arundo coarctata Torr. 1829. Calamagrostis coarctata (Torr.) Eaton 2019. Greeneochloa coarctata P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá	Small reedgrass, Arctic reedgrass, Nuttall's reedgrass	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure OBL			NYFA-4? USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Agrostidinae Edit

Subtribe Agrostidinae Fr. (1835) contains about 604 species in 16 genera: Agrostis, Ammophila, Ancistragrostis, Bromidium, Calamagrostis, Chaetopogon, Dichelachne, Echinopogon, Hypseochloa, Gastridium, Lachnagrostis, Limnodea, Pentapogon, Podagrostis, Polypogon, and Triplachne.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Agrostis Edit

Agrostis scabra

Bentgrass or simply bent (Agrostis)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Agrostis
Agrostis	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis scabra Willd. 1797. Agrostis scabra Willd. 1813. Trichodium scabrum (Willd.) Muhl. 1824. Agrostis geminata Trin. 1843. Agrostis scabra var. tenuis Tuck. 1843. Agrostis laxiflora var. scabra (Willd.) Torr. 1921. Agrostis peckii House 1942. Agrostis scabra var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen 1948. Agrostis hyemalis var. scabra (Willd.) H.L. Blomq. 1952. Agrostis hyemalis var. tenuis (Tuck.) Gleason	Northern tickle grass Rough bentgrass Agrostide scabre	Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1788. Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter 1888. Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1888. Agrostis hiemalis orth. var. 1898. Agrostis canina var. hyemalis (Walter) Kuntze 1908. Agrostis antecedens E.P.Bicknell	Southern tickle grass Southern hair grass Winter bent grass Hair grass Tickle grass Agrostide d'hiver	Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. A. altissima (Walter) Tuck. A. perennans (Walter) Tuck.	Autumn bent, Upland bent, Upland bentgrass	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis mertensii Trin. (1836) A. borealis Hartm. (1843)	Northern bent, Northern bentgrass, Arctic bentgrass Agrostide de Mertens	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2^[1] FACU Perennial, Graminoid		Essex	NYFA-2 Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis canina L. A. canina var. varians	Velvet bent, Velvet bentgrass Agrostide des chiens	Introduced, N. America native UPL-FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-NW Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis capillaris L. 1753. Agrostis capillaris L. 1794. Agrostis tenuis Sibth. 1796. Agrostis vulgaris With. 1855. Agrostis alba var. vulgaris (With.) Coss. & Durieu Agrostis stricta Agrostis sylvatica	Rhode Island bent, Rhode Island bentgrass, Colonial bent, Colonial bentgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis stolonifera L. (1753) auct. A. alba non L. A. maritima Lam. A. palustris Huds.	Creeping bent, Creeping bentgrass	Introduced, Moderately invasive, N. America native FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X5 USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis gigantea Roth 1788. Agrostis gigantea Roth 1796. Agrostis nigra With. 1825. Agrostis alba var. aristata Spenn. 1834. Agrostis stolonifera ssp. gigantea (Roth) Schübl. & G. Martens 1835. Agrostis stolonifera var. gigantea (Roth) Bréb.	Redtop, Red-top, Black bentgrass	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Agrostis (excluded taxa)	Bentgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Agrostis vinealis Schreb. 1771. Agrostis vinealis Schreb.	Brown bentgrass	Introduced from Alaska, Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-00 Images Wikispecies
Agrostis mertensii × scabra Agrostis mertensii × Agrostis scabra	Hybrid of northern bent & northern tickle-grass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded Images Wikispecies
Agrostis canina × capillaris Agrostis canina × Agrostis capillaris	Hybrid of velvet bent & Rhode Island bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded Images Wikispecies
Agrostis gigantea × stolonifera Agrostis gigantea × Agrostis stolonifera	Hybrid of red-top & creeping bent	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded Images Wikispecies
Agrostis capillaris × gigantea Agrostis capillaris × Agrostis gigantea	Hybrid of Rhode Island bent & red-top	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Agrostis mertensii ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Agrostis.gigantea: M 68 (all).

Calamagrostis Edit

Calamagrostis canadensis
Canada bluejoint grass

Jeffery M. Saarela et al. (2017) showed that two species of Ammophila are nested within separate clades in Calamagrostis s.s., making both Ammophila and Calamagrostis polyphyletic. Merging Ammophila into Calamagrostis was the solution.^[1]

Molecular and morphological studies have shown that native eastern North American beechgrass comprises a number of lineages with overlapping characteristics that may be best treated as a single species:^[2]

Coastal populations (A. breviligulata):
- Northern Atlantic coast,
- Southern Atlantic coast,
Interior populations (A. champlainensis):
- Lake Champlain & St. Lawrence River, and
- Great Lakes.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Calamagrostis
Calamagrostis	Reedgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis 1812. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. 1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis autonym 1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. robusta Vasey	Canada bluejoint grass, Bluejoint, Blue-joint reedgrass	Native, CoC: 7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. langsdorfii	Bluejoint	Native, Endangered		NYFA: 1 county	NYFA-1? USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Calamagrostis breviligulata (Fernald) Saarela 1920. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald 1966. A. champlainensis F. Seym. 2006. A. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis (F. Seym.) P.J. Walker, C.A. Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth 2017. Calamagrostis breviligulata (Fernald) Saarela 2017. C. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis (F. Seym.) Saarela	Beech grass American beachgrass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis pickeringii A.Gray	Pickering's reedgrass, Pickering's reed bent-grass	Native, Rare			NYFA-3 USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. inexpansa Calamagrostis hyperborea Calamagrostis inexpansa Calamagrostis lacustris	Northern reedgrass	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler ssp. stricta Calamagrostis neglecta	Slim-stemmed small-reedgrass	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis porteri A.Gray ssp. porteri	Porter's reedgrass	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[3]			NYFA-1-2 USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis perplexa	Wood reed grass	Native, Endangered, Endemic to NY, NYNHP: 1^[4]			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth 1753. Arundo epigejos L. 1788. Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth 1825. Agrostis epigeios (L.) Raspail 1852. Calamagrostis epigeios var. georgica (K. Koch) Griseb. (i)	Feathertop Chee reedgrass Bushgrass Calamagrostide épigéois Calamagrostide commune	Introduced from Eurasia, Africa, Highly invasive, Naturalized, SNA, G5		NYFA: 10 counties iNat: 2 counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany iNaturalist ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) lists C. canadensis var. langsdorfii as a synonym of C. canadensis. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis stricta. Endangered, S1/Gx. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for porteri. Endangered, S1S2/G4T4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Calamagrostis perplexa. Endangered, S1/G1.

Polypogon Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Agrostidinae — Polypogon
Polypogon	Rabbitsfoot grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Polypogon interruptus Kunth (1816)	Ditch beard grass, Ditch rabbitsfoot grass, Ditch polypogon	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized			NYFA-Xm USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. 1753. Alopecurus monspeliensis L. 1798. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	Annual rabbit's-foot grass, Annual beard grass, Rabbit's-foot polypogon	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalization unknown			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type) Edit

Subtribe Sesleriinae Edit

Subtribe Sesleriinae Parl. (1845) contains 37 species in 5 genera: Mibora, Echinaria, Oreochloa, Sesleria, and Sesleriella.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Mibora Edit

Mibora species previously listed have now been excluded from the New York Flora.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Sesleriinae — Mibora
Mibora (excluded taxa)	Sand grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mibora minima (L.) Desv. Mibora minima (L.) Desv.	Early sandgrass, Early sand grass	Introduced, Impersistent, Waif Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-EXCLUDED USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Coleanthinae Edit

Subtribe Coleanthinae Rouy (1913) contains Catabrosa, Catabrosella, Coleanthus, Colpodium, Hyalopoa, Paracolpodium, Phippsia, Puccinellia, Sclerochloa, and Zingeria.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Puccinellia Edit

Puccinellia distans

The Puccinellia (alkali grass) species are similar in appearance to the wetland genera Glyceria and Torreyochloa, however, alkali grass is adaptable to saline areas.^[1]

↑ Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 277.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Puccinellia
Puccinellia Parl.	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.	European alkaligrass, Weeping alkaligrass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) E.P. Bicknell	Saltmarsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh goosegrass	Introduced OBL			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weath.	Stiff alkaligrass, British alkaligrass, Goosegrass	Introduced Annual, Graminoid			NYFA- USDA-X Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia (excluded taxa)	Alkali grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Puccinellia nutkaensis (J. Presl) Fernald & Weath.	Nootka alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schult.) Hitchc.	Nuttall's alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. langeana ssp. alaskana P. paupercula var. alaskana P. tenella ssp. alaskana	Alaska goose grass, Tundra alkaligrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Puccinellia maritima	Seaside alkaligrass, Seaside speargrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Sclerochloa Edit

Sclerochloa dura

Hardgrass (Sclerochloa P. Beauv.)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Coleanthinae — Sclerochloa
Sclerochloa	Hardgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Cynosurus durus L. 1812. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv.	Fairground grass, Common hardgrass, Hard meadowgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Wool mill waif, GMW^[1]			NYFA-Xm USDA-XN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Grass Manual on the Web and USDA-NRCS seem to contradict about the North American nativity of Sclerochloa dura.

Subtribe Miliinae Edit

Subtribe Miliinae Dumort. (1829) contains about 5 species in 1 geneus: Milium.^[1]^[2]

Milium Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Miliinae — Milium
Milium	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. cisatlanticum Fernald 1950. M. effusum var. cisatlanticum 2010. M. effusum ssp. cisatlanticum	American milletgrass, Tall millet-grass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Milium (excluded taxa)	Millet grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Milium effusum L. var. effusum 1753. Milium effusum L. 1783. Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam. 1794. Miliarium effusa (L.) Moench. 1796. Melica effusa (L.) Salisb. 1808. Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard	Millet grass, Wood millet	Introduced, N.Y. excluded FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Excluded USDA- ARS-GRIN NWG Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Airinae Edit

Subtribe Airinae Caro (1982) contains about 41 species in 7 genera: Aira, Antinoria, Avenella, Corynephorus, Helictochloa, Molineriella, and Periballia.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Avenella Edit

Avenella flexuosa

Hairgrass (Avenella Bluff ex Drejer) contains the native Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drej., which is occasionally still listed as Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. by some sources.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Avenella
Avenella	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1753. Aira flexuosa L. 1811. Arundo flexuosa (L.) Clairv. 1823. Avena flexuosa (L.) Mert. & Koch (i) 1836. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. 1838. Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer 1852. Deschampsia flexuosa var. montana (L.) A. & D.Löve 1866. Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur	Common hair grass, Wavy hair grass, Crinkled hair grass	Native, CoC: 8, Secure Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN GBIF WFO Kew WCSP Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Aira Edit

Aira caryophyllea

Hairgrass

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Aira
Aira	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira praecox L. 1753. Aira praecox L. 1796. Agrostis praecox (L.) Salisb. 1824. Trisetum praecox (L.) Dumort. 1913. Aspris praecox (L.) Nash	Early hairgrass, Yellow hairgrass, Spike hairgrass, Early silver hairgrass, Small hairgrass	Introduced, USGS: L48 established, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminioid			NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Aira caryophyllea L. var. caryophyllea 1753. Aira caryophyllea L. 1780. Avena caryophyllea (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis caryophyllea (L.) Salisb. 1866. Fussia caryophyllea (L.) Schur 1913. Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash	Silver hairgrass, Silvery hairgrass, Common silver hairgrass Canche caryophyllée, Aira caryophyllé	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Aira (excluded taxa)	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aira caryophyllea L. var. capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bluff & Fingerh. 1798. Aira capillaris Savi 1823. Avena capillaris Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1836. Aira caryophyllea var. capillaris Bluff & Fingerh. 1853. Aira elegantissima Schur auct. Aira elegans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.	Delicate hairgrass, Annual silver hairgrass	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, No specimens, GMW			USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Corynephorus Edit

Corynephorus canescens

Clubawn grass

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Corynephorus
Corynephorus	Clubawn grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Aira canescens L. 1780. Avena canescens (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis canescens (L.) Salisb. 1812. Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1821. Aira variegata St.Amans	Gray clubawn grass, Gray hairgrass	Introduced from Europe, Morocco, Naturalized, USGS: L48 established, SNA, GNR, NSE: Exotic Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XN GBIF Kew WCSP Kew POWO Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Aristaveninae Edit

Subtribe Aristaveninae F.Albers & Butzin (1977) contains only Deschampsia with about 51 species worldwide. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae,^[1] but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.^[2]

Deschampsia Edit

Deschampsia cespitosa

Hairgrass (Deschampsia)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Aristaveninae — Deschampsia
Deschampsia P.Beauv.	Hairgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. ssp. cespitosa 1753. Aira cespitosa L. 1796. Agrostis caespitosa (L.) Salisb. 1812. D. caespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. 1846. D. cespitosa ssp. glauca (Hartm.) Hartm. 1861. D. cespitosa var. parviflora (Thuill.) Coss. & Germ. 1918. D. cespitosa var. glauca (Hartm.) Lindm. 1940. D. anadyrensis V.N.Vassil.	Tufted hairgrass, Small-flowered ticklegrass, Tussock grass Deschampsie cespiteuse, Canche cespiteuse, Canche gazonnante	Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NM Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro 1830. Aira danthonioides Trin. 1830. D. calycina J. Presl 1857. D. danthonioides (Trin.) Munro	Annual hairgrass	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized FACW Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Holcinae Edit

Subtribe Holcinae Dumort. (1868) contains about 11 species in 2 genera: Holcus and Vahlodea. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae,^[1] but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.^[2]

Vahlodea Edit

Poa fendleriana & Vahlodea atropurpurea

Mountain hair grass (Vahlodea atropurpurea) is a circumboreal grass that is probably extirpated from New York State.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Holcinae — Vahlodea
Vahlodea	Hair grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1812. Aira atropurpurea Wahlenb. 1822. Avena atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Link 1826. Holcus atropurpureus (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. 1843. Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1844. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele 1937. Vahlodea latifolia (Hook.) Hultén	Mountain hair grass, Mountain hairgrass, Arctic hair grass, Arctic hairgrass Deschampsie pourpre	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent FACW, Graminoid			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Holcus Edit

Holcus lanatus

Velvet grass or soft grass (Holcus) contains two non-native grasses found in New York State.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Airinae — Holcus
Holcus	Velvetgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Holcus lanatus L. 1753. Holcus lanatus L. 1787. Aira holcus-lanata Vill. 1802. Avena lanata (L.) Koeler 1817. Holcus argenteus C. Agardh ex Roem. & Schult. 1912. Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. 1916. Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T.Hubb.	Common velvetgrass, Fog grass Holoque laineuse	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Holcus mollis L. ssp. mollis 1759. Holcus mollis L. 1771. Aira mollis (L.) Schreb. 1787. Aira holcus-mollis Vill. 1802. Avena mollis (L.) Koeler (i) 1901. Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani 1915. Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc.	Creeping velvet grass Creeping soft grass Creeping fog Houlque molle	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Cynosurinae Edit

Subtribe Cynosurinae Fr. (1835) contains 10 species in the genus Cynosurus.^[1]^[2]

Cynosurus Edit

Cynosurus cristatus

Dogtail grass (Cynosurus) contains two non-native grasses occasionally found in New York.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Cynosurinae
Cynosurus	Dogstail grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cynosurus cristatus L.	Crested dog's tail, Crested dogtail grass Crêtelle à crêtes	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Cynosurus echinatus L.	Bristly dogtail grass, Rough dog's tail	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Dactylidinae Edit

Subtribe Dactylidinae Stapf (1898) contains 2 species in 2 genera: Dactylis and Lamarckia.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Dactylis Edit

Dactylis glomerata

Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) is a very common naturalized grass from Eurasia. It is commonly planted for grazing or for hay, but it can become quite weedy and is listed as a restricted noxious weed in states immediately south of New York (PA, NJ, MD, DE, and VA).

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Dactylidinae — Dactylis
Dactylis	Orchard grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dactylis glomerata L. 1753. Dactylis glomerata L. 1771. Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop. 1785. Festuca glomerata (L.) All. 1817. Limnetis glomerata (L.) Eaton 1828. D. glomerata var. detonsa 1838. D. glomerata var. ciliata 1906. D. glomerata ssp. lobata 1911. D. glomerata ssp. aschersoniana	Orchard grass, Orchardgrass, Cock's foot, Cock's foot grass	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Loliinae Edit

Subtribe Loliinae Dumort. (1829) contains about 700 species in 9 genera: Castellia, Drymochloa, Festuca, Leucopoa, Lolium, Megalachne, Patzkea, Podophorus, and Pseudobromus.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Festuca Edit

Festuca subverticillata

Fescue (Festuca L. 1753)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Festuca
Festuca	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E. B. Alexeev 1805. Poa subverticillata Pers. 1807. Festuca obtusa Biehler 1980. Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E.B. Alexeev	Nodding fescue	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Festuca saximontana var. saximontana	Mountain fescue, Sheep fescue, Rocky Mountain fescue	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) R.P. Murray 1882. F. ovina var. trachyphylla Hack 1895. Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) R.P. Murray auct. Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) W.D.J.Koch auct. Festuca longifolia non Thuill. 1930. Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina 1977. Festuca brevipila R.Tracey	Fétuque dressée, Fétuque à feuilles scabres, Hard fescue, Sheep Fescue	Introduced from Europe, Naturalized UPL Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Festuca filiformis Pourr. Festuca capillata Lam. Festuca ovina ssp. tenuifolia Festuca ovina var. capillata Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.	Hair fescue, Fineleaf sheep fescue, Fine-leaved sheep fescue	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 60%^[2] Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Festuca heterophylla F. rubra var. heterophylla	Various-leaved fescue	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald	Red fescue, Prolific fescue	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin 1786. Festuca nigrescens Lam. 1788. Festuca heteromalla Pourr. 1799. Festuca fallax Thuill. 1828. F. rubra ssp. commutata 1881. F. rubra var. fallax 1882. F. rubra ssp. fallax	Chewing's fescue, Varioushair fescue	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Festuca (excluded taxa)	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Festuca brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1823. F. brevifolia R.Br. non Muhl. 1827. F. brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1871. F. ovina var. brevifolia 1906. F. ovina var. brachyphylla	Alpine fescue, Rock fescue	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Festuca ovina F. ovina var. hispidula	Sheep fescue	Introduced, Synonym			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Festuca saximontana var. saximontana . Endangered, S1/G5T5. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Festuca filiformis: Moderate (60).

Vulpia Edit

Vulpia octoflora

Recent souces, including Soreng et al. (2015) and the New York Flora Atlas (2021) place Vulpia species within Festuca, while many other sources continue to treat them as separate species.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Vulpia
Vulpia	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald 1797. Festuca tenella Willd. 1812. Schedonorus tenellus (Willd.) P. Beauv. 1840. Vulpia tenella (Willd.) Heynh. 1862. Festuca gracilenta Buckley 1932. Festuca octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald 1932. Festuca octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald 1945. Vulpia octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald 1945. Vulpia octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald	Northern six-weeks fescue Eight-flowered six-weeks grass Slender 8-flowered fescue	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Festuca megalura Festuca myuros 1805. Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Vulpia megalura	Annual fescue, Rat's-tail six-weeks grass	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Vulpia (excluded taxa)	Fescue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X NPT
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray 1753. Festuca bromoides L. 1785. Bromus dertonensis 1821. Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray 1901. Festuca dertonensis (All.) Asch. & Graebn. 1904. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Gola 1905. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Volkart 1956. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Parodi	Brome fescue, Brome six-weeks grass	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Lolium Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Lolium
Lolium	Rye grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lolium multiflorum Lam.	Italian ryegrass, Ivraie multiflore, Ray-grass d'Italie	Introduced, GMW			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium perenne L.	Ivraie vivace, Perennial ryegrass, Ray-grass anglais	Introduced, GMW			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss. (1854) Lolium dorei B. Boivin	Ivraie de Perse, Persian darnel, Persian ryegrass	Introduced, Impersistent, GMW			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lolium temulentum L. ssp. temulentum	Darnel, Darnel ryegrass, Ivraie enivrante	Introduced, GMW			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Schedonorus Edit

Schedonorus arundinaceus

Because the Festuca subgenus Schedonorus seems to be more similar to Lolium than to the rest of Festuca, some sources now treat it as its own genus while others now treat it as a subgenus of Lolium.^[1]

↑ Stephen J. Darbyshire (1993). "Realignment of Festuca subg. Schedonorus with the genus Lolium (Poaceae)". Novon. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 3 (3): 239–243. JSTOR 3391460.
• Stephen J. Darbyshire. "Schedonorus treatment". Grass Manual on the Web (updated 2009).
• "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Current Standing: accepted
• "Schedonorus P. Beauv". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA-ARS. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2013. Probable synonym of: Festuca L. … placed by some in Lolium L.
• "Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh". Catalogue of New World Grasses. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 27 February 2013.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Loliinae — Schedonorus
Schedonorus	Fescue, ryegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. auct. Festuca elatior non L. (1753) 1762. Festuca pratensis Huds. 1812. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. 1993. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.	Tall rye grass, Meadow rye grass, Meadow fescue	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid		present in most counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1753. Festuca elatior L. nom. rej. 1771. Poa phoenix Scop. 1771. Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 1789. Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth 1857. Festuca elatior var. arundinacea 1867. Festuca elatior ssp. arundinacea 1824. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1993. Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh. 1998. S. phoenix (Scop.) Holub	Tall rye grass, Alta fescue, Tall fescue, Coarse fescue, Kentucky fescue, Reed fescue Fétuque élevée	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 65%^[1] FACU		present in at least 20 counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub 1753. Bromus giganteus L. 1787. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. 1993. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh. 1998. Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub	Giant rye grass, Giant fescue	Introduced, Unknown naturalization		Bronx, Westchester (1882)	NYFA-Xu USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: GMW
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Schedonorus arundinaceus: Moderate (65).

Subtribe Parapholiinae Edit

Subtribe Parapholiinae Caro (1982) contains about 26 species in 8 genera: Agropyropsis, Catapodium, Cutandia, Desmazeria, Hainardia, Parapholis, Sphenopus, and Vulpiella.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Catapodium Edit

Catapodium rigidum

Ferngrass (Catapodium rigidum) was collected from Monroe County but has not been reported to naturalize anywhere in the state.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Parapholiinae — Catapodium
Catapodium	Fern grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. ssp. rigidum 1846. Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb. 1952. Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin 1953. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb.	Ferngrass	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Alopecurinae Edit

Subtribe Alopecurinae worldwide contains 3 genera with 47 species. According to Soreng et. al. (2015) the genera of Alopecurinae were included in subtribe Poinae.^[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.^[2]

Alopecurus Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Alopecurus
Alopecurus	Foxtail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis 1799. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 1803. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. 1823. Alopecurus geniculatus var. aristulatus 1925. Alopecurus aequalis ssp. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalis var. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalis var. natans	Shortawn foxtail, Short-awn foxtail, Short-awned foxtail, Short foxtail, Little meadow foxtail, Water foxtail Vulpin à courtes arêtes	Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus carolinianus Walter	Tufted foxtail, Carolina foxtail, Carolina meadow foxtail	Introduced, N. America native, Weed Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus geniculatus L.	Meadow foxtail, Water foxtail, Floating foxtail, Marsh foxtail, Marsh meadow-foxtail, Knee-joint foxtail	Introduced from Eurasia, Weed FACW-OBL Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.	Slender meadow-foxtail Vulpin des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Alopecurus pratensis L.	Meadow foxtail, Field meadow-foxtail Vulpin des prés	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Beckmanniinae Edit

According to Soreng et. al. (2014) Beckmanniinae should be included in subtribe Poinae.^[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.^[2]

Beckmannia Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Alopecurinae — Beckmannia
Beckmannia	Sloughgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald	American sloughgrass	Introduced, N. America native			ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subtribe Phleinae Edit

According to Soreng et. al. (2015) Phleinae should be included in subtribe Poinae.^[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.^[2]

Phleum Edit

Phleum pratense

The genus Phleum contains several grasses commonly called timothy. In New York State, it consists almost entirely of common timothy (Phleum pratense), which probably grows in every county and is listed as moderately invasive.

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Phleinae — Phleum
Phleum	Timothy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phleum pratense L. ssp. pratense 1753. Phleum pratense L. 1778. P. pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds. 1821. P. nodosum var. pratense (L.) St.-Amans 1824. P. pratense ssp. nodosum (L.) Dumort. 1854. P. intermedium Jord. 1859. P. parnassicum Boiss. (i)	Common timothy Meadow timothy Timothy Meadow cat's-tail Fléole des près	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%^[1] FACU			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Phleum arenarium L.	Sand timothy	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Phleum paniculatum Huds. (1762) Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq.	British timothy	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phleum pratense: Moderate (64).

Subtribe Poinae Edit

Subtribe Poinae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Agrostopoa, Alopecurus, Aniselytron, Apera, Arctagrostis, Arctophila, Beckmannia, Bellardiochloa, Brizochloa(?), Cinna, Cornucopiae, Cyathopus, Dupontia, Dupontiopsis, Gaudiniopsis, Hookerochloa, Limnas, Nephelochloa, Nicoraepoa, Parvotrisetum, Phleum, Pholiurus, Poa, Pseudophleum, Rhizocephalus, Saxipoa, Simplicia, Sylvipoa, Ventenata.^[1]

↑ R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

Poa Edit

Poa is the largest genus of grasses and contains over 500 species throughout temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres. North American Poa species are generally known as bluegrass. The system used here for subgeneric Poa organization is based on Gillespie and Soreng (2005).^[1] The subgenera names use here are those proposed in Gillespie et al. (2007).^[2]

Poa subg. Arctopoa Edit

Poa subg. Arctopoa Grisebach (1971) is here considered equivalent of the ArcSyl clade, made up of subg. Arctopa sections Arctopa and Aphydris, and previous subg. Poa sect. Sylvestris: ( Arctopoa + Sylvestres ). It is considered to be the basal clade of the genus Poa. Subgenus Arctopoa comprises five species in two sections found in seashore and interior wetland habitats of northern, cool temperate regions.

Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres Edit

Poa alsodes

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres
Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa alsodes A.Gray 1856. Poa alsodes A.Gray	Grove blue grass Grove bluegrass Grove meadow grass	Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G4-5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany iNaturalist Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. languida (A.S. Hitchc.) A. Haines Poa debilis Torr. Poa saltuensis ssp. languida	Weak bluegrass, Woodland bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand ssp. saltuensis	Common weak bluegrass, Drooping bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN iNaturalist Images Wikispecies
Poa sylvestris A.Gray 1848. Poa sylvestris A.Gray	Woodland bluegrass, Forest bluegrass Pâturin des forêts	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa Edit

Poa arida

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa
Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa arida Vasey 1893. Poa arida Vasey 1896. Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. 1899. Poa glaucifolia Scribn. & T.A. Williams	Plains bluegrass	Introduced from great plains, N. America native		Ontario (1981)	NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Ochlopoa Edit

Poa subg. Ochlopoa (Ascherson & Graebner) Hylander (1953) is here treated as equivalent to the BAPO clade, comprising pervious subg. Poa sections: ( ( Bolbophorum + Alpinae ) ( Parodiochloa + Ochlopoa ) ).

Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae Edit

Poa annua

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua) is the only annual species of Poa present outside of cultivation in New York State. It is listed in Randall 2012 as one of the most aggressive weeds invading areas in all continents from sea level up to 4000 ft. in elevation.^[1] It is the only alien plant having a successfully established population in maritime Antarctica.^[2]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae
Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa annua L. 1753. Poa annua L. 1814. Aira pumila Pursh 1830. Poa aestivalis J. Presl 1891. Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn. 2003. Ochlopoa annua (L.) H. Scholz	Annual blue grass Annual bluegrass Annual meadow grass Annual meadowgrass Speargrass	Introduced from Eurasia, Widespread weed, Naturalized Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany iNaturalist Tropicos BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies
(excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 1894. Poa chapmaniana Scribn.	Chapman bluegrass, Chapman's bluegrass	Introduced from southeast US, N. America native, Excluded Annual, Graminoid		excluded	NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Go Botany iNaturalist Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae Edit

Poa bulbosa

Bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae
Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. 1799. Poa crispa Thuill. 1802. Poa bulbosa var. vivipara Koeler 1882. Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. 1915. Paneion bulbosum var. viviparum (Koeler) Lunell 1955. Poa bulbosa fo. vivipara (Koeler) Maire 1972. Poa bulbosa ssp. crispa (Thuill.) Tzvelev	Bulbous blue grass Bulbous bluegrass Viviparous bulbous bluegrass Bulbous meadow-grass Pâturin vivipare Pâturin bulbeux vivipare	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 49%^[1] Perennial, Graminoid		Albany, Bronx, Broome, Kings, Nassau, Queens, Saratoga, Suffolk, Tompkins, Westchester	NYFA-Xn USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
(excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY /NPT
Poa bulbosa L. ssp. bulbosa 1753. Poa bulbosa L. 1802. Poa bulbosa var. bulbosa 1882. Poa bulbosa ssp. bulbosa	Bulbous bluegrass	Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid		excluded	NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa bulbosa: Low (49).

Poa subg. Stenopoa Edit

Poa subg. Stenopoa (Dumortier) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, Aliso (2006) is here considered to be equivalent to the SPOSTA clade, made up of members of sections:

( Secundae ( Pandemos ( Oreinos + Stenopoa + Tichopoa + Abbreviatae ) ) ).

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Stenopoa Edit

Poa palustris

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Stenopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa palustris L. 1759. Poa palustris L.	Fowl bluegrass, Meadowgrass	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Poa glauca ssp. glauca	Glaucous bluegrass	Native, Endangered			NYFA-2 Images Wikispecies
Poa interior Rydb.	Inland bluegrass	Native, No recent reports, Endangered			NYFA-1 Images Wikispecies
Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Poa nemoralis L. 1753. Agrostis alba L. 1808. Poa glaucantha Schleich. ex Gaudin 1915. Agrestis alba (L.) Lunell 1915. Paneion nemorale (L.) Lunell	Woodland bluegrass, Woods bluegrass, Wood bluegrass	Introduced			NYFA-Xn USDA-MM Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Poa subg. Stenopa (excluded taxa)	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. laxa	Mt. Washington bluegrass	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa glauca × laxa Haenke	Hybrid of gaucous bluegrass & Mt. Washington bluegrass	Native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos Edit

Poa laxa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Oreinos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa laxa Haenke ssp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl. 1935. Poa fernaldiana Nannf. 1953. Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana Hyl. 1964. Poa flexuosa ssp. fernaldiana Á. Löve & D. Löve	Fernald's bluegrass	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		Essex (1890-1990)	NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Poa paludigena	Slender marsh bluegrass, Bog bluegrass	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Poa laxa ssp. fernaldiana.

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos Edit

Poa trivialis

Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Pandemos	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa trivialis L. ssp. trivialis 1753. Poa trivialis L. 1854. Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr.	Rough bluegrass, Rough-sheathed bluegrass, Rough-stalk bluegrass, Rough-stalk meadow grass, Scribner bluegrass, Scribner's bluegrass	Introduced from Europe, Widespread weed, Naturalized, SNA, GNR FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa Edit

Poa compressa

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa
Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Tichopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa compressa L. 1753. Poa compressa L.	Flat-stemmed blue grass Canada blue grass Canada bluegrass Flattened meadow grass Wiry bluegrass	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%^[1], CP-2^[2] FAC Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-Xn USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa compressa: Moderate (69). ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

Poa subg. Poa Edit

The Poa subgenus is here considered to be composed of the HAMBADD clade (supersect. Homalopoa) and the PoM clade (supersect. Poa).

Poa subg. Poa sect. Homalopoa Edit

Poa pratensis

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa
Poa sect. Homalopoa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa cuspidata Poa brachyphylla	Early bluegrass	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5 Perennial, Graminoid		Monroe (2013), New York (1897), Richmond, Yates	NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Poa chaixii Vill.	Chaiz bluegrass, Broadleaf bluegrass	Introduced			NYFA-X Images Wikispecies

Poa subg. Poa sect. Poa Edit

Poa pratensis

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is listed as invasive in New York State ^[1] North American sources treat Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia as a subspecies,^[2] European sources appear to have reverted to treating these two taxa a distinct species.^[3]

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Poa subg. Poa
Poa sect. Poa	Bluegrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Poa pratensis L. ssp. pratensis 1753. Poa pratensis L. 1800. Poa pratensis var. pratensis 1828. Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis 1915. Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell 1938. Poa peckii Chase	Common Kentucky bluegrass Kentucky bluegrass Smooth meadow grass Smooth meadow-grass Pâturin des prés Wiesenrispengras	Introduced from Eurasia, n.Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%^[1], SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF WFO Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies
Poa angustifolia L. 1753. Poa angustifolia L. 1800. Poa pratensis var. angustifolia Sm. 1828. Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L) Lej. 1882. Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L.) Arcang.**	Narrow-leaved Kentucky blue grass Narrow-leaf meadow grass Schmalblättriges Rispengras Smalgröe	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, Naturalized, SNA FACU Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-X USDA- GBIF WFO Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Poa pratensis: Moderate (68).

Cinna Edit

Cinna latifolia

According to Soreng et. al. (2014)^[1] Cinna should be included in Poinae.

↑ R.J.Soreng, et. al. (2014) A World-Wide Phylogenic Classification of Poaecea (Gramineae): căo (草), capim, çayır, çimen, darbha, ghaas, ghas, gish, gramas, graminius, gräser, grasses, gyokh, he-ben-ke, hullu, kasa, kusa, nyasi, pastos, pillu, pullu, zlaki, etc. (rev. 5 Apr 2014)

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Cinna
Cinna	Wood reed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cinna arundinacea L. 1753. Cinna arundinacea L.	Stout woodreed Sweet woodreed Sweet wood-reed Wood reedgrass Wood-reed	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. 1830. Agrostis latifolia Trevir. ex Göpp. 1832. Muhlenbergia pendula Trin. 1841. Cinna pendula Trin. 1852. Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. 1856. Cinna arundinacea var. pendula (Trin.) A. Gray	Drooping woodreed Drooping wood-reed Slender wood reedgrass	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Apera Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Apera
Apera	Silky bent	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Apera interrupta (L.) P.Beauv. Agrostis interrupta Apera interrupta P.Beauv.	Dense silky bentgrass, Interrupted windgrass	Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR		Delaware, Lewis	NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Apera spica-venti	Silky bentgrass, Loose silkybent, Common windgrass	Introduced, Unk. naturalization, SNA, GNR		Bronx, New York, Rensselaer	NYFA-Xun USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Ventenata Edit

Poales — Poaceae — Pooideae — Poeae — Poinae — Ventenata
Ventenata Köhler (excluded taxa)	North Africa grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. 1775. Avena dubia Leers 1802. Ventenata avenacea Koeler 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. 1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Durieu 1912. Heteranthus dubius (Leers) Thell.	North Africa grass	Introduced from eastern Europe, N.Y. excluded Annual, Graminoid			NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

[1] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[2] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[3] Haines, A., Farnsworth, E., Morrison, G., & New England Wildflower Society. (2011). New England Wildflower Society's flora Novae Angliae: A manual for the identification of native and naturalized higher vascular plants of New England. Framingham, Mass.: New England Wild Flower Society. p. 285.

[4] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[5] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[6] Jakubowski, Andrew & Jackson, Randall & Casler, Michael. (2014). The History of Reed Canarygrass in North America: Persistence of Natives among Invading Eurasian Populations. Crop Science. 54. 210. 10.2135/cropsci2013.05.0342.

[7] Nelson, M.F., Anderson, N.O., Casler, M.D. et al. Population genetic structure of N. American and European Phalaris arundinacea L. as inferred from inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Biol Invasions 16, 353–363 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0525-9

[8] R.J. Soreng, (2003). "Phalaris." In Catalogue of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 479–488.

[MIAC8-9] Paul M. Catling, Gisèle Mitrow, and Liette Vasseur (2014) "Major Invasive Alien Plants of Canada. 8. Reed Canarygrass." The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Vol. 47 No.1. Mar. 2014.

[10] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Phalaris arundinacea: Highly invasive (78).

[CP3-11] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Plantations' accessioned collections (2009)

[12] Although Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea is native to much of North America, its Eurasian ecotype has been widely planted and become a problem in North America.

[13] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[14] When separated into subspecies, A. hirtum ssp. arcticum is the only North American native of the species. The New York Flora Atlas (2016) treats all A. hirtum subspecies as one variable taxon, baed on Allred and Barkworth (2007).

[15] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Anthoxanthum monticola ssp. monticola. Endangered, S1/GNL.

[16] R.J. Soreng, G. Davidse, P.M. Peterson, F.O. Zuloaga, E.J. Judziewicz, T.S. Filgueiras, O. Morrone & K. Romaschenko (2015). "A World-wide Phylogenetic Classification of Poaceae (Gramineae)." Jnl of Sytematics Evolution, 53: 117-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[1]

[1]