Flora of New York/Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales

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The orders Commelinales and Zingiberales are members of the commelinids clade within the monocots.

commelinids

Arecales (palms, not naturalized in NY)

Poales (grasses, rushes, sedges)

	Zingiberales (gingers, banana, unlikely naturalized in NY)

	Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)

The monospecific order Ceratophyllales is thought to be the phylogenetic sister to all the eudicots, which include all the angiosperms that follow.

Order Commelinales Edit

The Commelinales

Family Commelinaceae Edit

The Commelinaceae (dayflower family).^[1]

↑ Commelinaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subamily Commelinoideae Edit

Tribe Tradescanteae Edit

Tradescantia Edit

Wild Flowers of New York Part 1, Plate 7. Spider Lily, Spiderwort - Tradescantia virginiana (1918)

Spiderwort (Tradescantia) is a New World genus of herbaceous perennials, named by Carl Linnaeus in honor of John Tradescant the Elder (ca. 1570–1638). Although all spiderworts listed in New York are considered to be native to eastern North America, none are listed as New York natives by the New York Flora Atlas.

Commelinales — Commelinaceae — Commelinoideae — Tradescanteae — Tradescantia
Tradescantia	Spider wort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. 1814. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf.	Ohio spiderwort, Bluejacket, Smooth spiderwort	Introduced from eastern N. America, N. America native, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP BBG Images Wikispecies
Tradescantia virginiana L. 1753. Tradescantia virginiana L.	Virginia spiderwort Éphémère de Virginie	Introduced from eastern N. America, N. America native, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP BBG Images Wikispecies
T. ohiensis × virginiana Tradescantia ohiensis × Tradescantia virginiana	Hybrid of Ohio spiderwort & Virginia spiderwort	Introduced from eastern N. America, N. America native, Naturalized			NYFA-X Images Wikispecies
Tradescantia occidentalis (Britton) Smyth var. occidentalis yyyy. Tradescantia virginiana var. occidentalis L.	Prairie spider-wort, Western spiderwort	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-NN ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl. 1813. Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl. 1893. Tradescantia montana Shuttlew. ex Small & Vail 1935. Tradescantia subaspera var. montana (Shuttlew. ex Small & Vail) E.S.Anderson & Woodson 1949. Tradescantia subaspera ssp. montana (Shuttlew. ex Small & Vail) R.T.Clausen	Zigzag spiderwort	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Commelineae Edit

The Commelineae in New York include the dayflowers (Commelina spp.) and dewflowers (Murdannia spp.).

Commelina Edit

Commelina erecta L.
slender or whitemouth dayflower

The only dayflower (Commelina sp.) listed as native to New York is Commelina erecta (slender dayflower),^[1] which is thought to be extirpated from the state.

The introduced Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) is fairly common in many parts of the state. It is reported to be invasive in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virgina, Virginia, and Kentucky.^[2]

↑ M.L. Fernald (1950). Gray's manual of botany, 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. p. 393. Lists C. erecta (typical) as present in southeastern New York.
↑ Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. July 10, 2018

Commelinales — Commelinaceae — Commelinoideae — Commelineae — Commelina
Commelina	Dayflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Commelina erecta L. 1753. Commelina erecta L. Commelina elegans Kunth Commelina saxicola Small	Slender dayflower, Whitemouth dayflower	Native, Extirpated, Impersistent, NYNHP:^[1]			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 BONAP Images Wikispecies
Commelina communis L. 1753. Commelina communis L. 1811. C. debilis Ledeb. 1843. C. willdenowii Kunth 1861. C. ludens Miq. 1881. C. communis var. ludens (Miq.) C.B. Clarke 1909. C. communis var. angustifolia Nakai 1910. C. coreana H.Lév. 1961. C. communis fo. aureostriata	Asian dayflower, Asiatic dayflower, Dayflower	Introduced from temperate Asia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Commelina (excluded taxa)	Dayflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Commelina diffusa Burm.f. var. diffusa 1768. Commelina diffusa Burm.f.	Climbing dayflower	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Commelina virginica L. 1753. Commelina virginica L.	Virginia dayflower	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017: 2017 Rare Plant Status List - Active Inventory List: Commelina erecta Slender Dayflower: NEWY-X QUEE-? RICH-? G5 SX U

Murdannia Edit

Commelinales — Commelinaceae — Commelinoideae — Commelineae — Murdannia
Murdannia Royle (excluded species)	Dew-flower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan 1753. Commelina nudiflora L. 1952. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan	Nakedstem dewflower, Dove-weed	Introduced from Asia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz. 1870. Aneilema keisak Hassk. 1936. Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz.	Wart-removing herb, Marsh dewflower, Asian spiderwort	Introduced from Asia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 78%^[1], No NY reports			USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP BUG Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Murdannia keisak: High (78).

Family Haemodoraceae Edit

The Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family).^[1]

Subfamily Haemodoroideae Edit

Lachnanthes Edit

Lachnanthes caroliniana

The genus Lachnanthes consists of the single species Carolina redroot or bloodroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana).

↑ Haemodoraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Commelinales — Haemodoraceae — Haemodoroideae
Lachnanthes	Redroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy 1791. Dilatris caroliniana Lam. 1791. Heritiera tinctorium Walter ex J.F.Gmel. 1812. Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Salisb. 1814. Dilatris tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Pursh 1816. Lachnanthes tinctoria (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Elliott 1932. L. caroliana (Lam.) Dandy	Carolina redroot, Carolina bloodroot, Red-root, Paint-root, Dye-root Lachnanthe de Caroline	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G4, NYNHP: 1^[1] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		Suffolk	NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Lachnanthes caroliniana. Endangered, S1/G4.

Family Pontederiaceae Edit

The Pontederiaceae (family).^[1]

↑ Pontederiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe Pontederieae Edit

Pontederia Edit

Pontederia subg. Pontederia Edit

Pontederia cordata
pickerel weed

Commelinales — Pontederiaceae — Pontederieae — Pontederia
Pontederia	Pickerel weed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	n NPT
Pontederia cordata L. 1753. Pontederia cordata L.	Pickerelweed Pontédérie cordée, Langue du boeuf	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Pontederia subg. Oshunae Edit

Eichhornia crassipes
water hyacinth

Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an attractive free-floating aquatic perennial that is known to be very invasive in the south. It has been reported outside of cultivation in New York State, but was thought to be unable to overwinter this far north. However, it may be able to grow as an annual, and there is concern that water hyacinths may eventually evolve resistance to the cold.^[1]^[2]

Commelinales — Pontederiaceae — Pontederieae — Pontederia
Pontederia	Water hyacinth	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pontederia crassipes Mart. 1823. Pontederia crassipes Mart. 1843. Eichhornia speciosa Kunth (i) 1883. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms 1883. Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (i) 1893. Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Britton	Common water hyacinth	Introduced, Highly invasive			NYFA-X USDA-XX Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tribe Heteranthereae Edit

Heteranthera Edit

Heteranthera dubia

The genus Heteranthera contains aquatic plants known as mud plantains, two of which are native to New York.

Commelinales — Pontederiaceae — Heteranthereae — Heteranthera
Heteranthera	Mud plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. 1768. Commelina dubia Jacq. 1892. H. dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. 1894. H. dubia (Jacq.) Morong (i) 1913. Zosterella dubia (Jacq.) Small	Water star-grass, Grassleaf mudplantain, Grass-leaved mud-plantain Hétéranthère litigieuse, Hétéranthère douteuse	Native, CoC: 5, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA- USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies
Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pav.	Mud-plantain, Kidneyleaf mudplantain, Kidney-leaved mud-plantain	Native, CoC: 7, Rare, S3, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Ulster	NYFA-3 USDA-N0 ITIS FNA LBJ Images Wikispecies

Order Zingiberales Edit

Family Cannaceae Edit

The Cannaceae (family) contains the single genus Canna.^[1]

↑ Cannaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Canna Edit

Canna × generalis

Zingiberales — Cannaceae — Canna
Canna	Canna lily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Canna × generalis L.H.Bailey (pro sp.) Canna glauca × Canna indica 1923. Canna × generalis L.H.Bailey 1923. Canna × orchiodes L.H.Bailey auct. Canna × hortensis non Guillaumin (1934)	Canna-lily, Canna lily, Common garden canna Balisier	Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized, Cultivated, SNA, GNA FACW-OBL		Oneida (1965)	NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Order Ceratophyllales Edit

The Ceratophyllales contains a single family.

Family Ceratophyllaceae Edit

The Ceratophyllaceae contains a single genus.

Ceratophyllum Edit

Ceratophyllum demersum

The genus Ceratophyllum contains a relatively small number of species, of which, two are listed as native to New York.

Ceratophyllales — Ceratophyllaceae — Ceratophyllum
Ceratophyllum	Hornwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ceratophyllum demersum L. 1753. Ceratophyllum demersum L. 1794. Dichotophyllum demersum (L.) Moench 1829. C. apiculatum Cham. 1860. C. dermersum var. apiculatum	Common coontail Coon's tail Common hornwort Coontail Common hornweed Coontail hornwort Rigid hornweed Cornifle nageante	Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Ceratophyllum echinatum A.Gray 1837. Ceratophyllum echinatum A.Gray 1856. C. demersum var. echinatum 1985. C. submersum var. echinatum	Spiny-fruited coontail Prickly coontail Prickly hornwort Spineless hornwort Cornifle échinée	Native, CoC: 4, Vulnerable, S4, G4? OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3 USDA-NN Go Botany FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

[1] Commelinaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[2] M.L. Fernald (1950). Gray's manual of botany, 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. p. 393. Lists C. erecta (typical) as present in southeastern New York.

[3] Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. July 10, 2018

[4] New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017: 2017 Rare Plant Status List - Active Inventory List: Commelina erecta Slender Dayflower: NEWY-X QUEE-? RICH-? G5 SX U

[5] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Murdannia keisak: High (78).

[6] Haemodoraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[7] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Lachnanthes caroliniana. Endangered, S1/G4.

[8] Pontederiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[9] Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2018 New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[10] "Invasive Species → Water Hyacinth." Western New York PRISM. 2018.

[11] Cannaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

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