Flora of New York/Poaceae 4
← Poaceae 3 |
Flora of New York — Poales : Poaceae : Pooideae : Poeae | → Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales | |||
Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
Tribe Poeae R.Br. (1814) worldwide contains 2776 species in 118 genera. Soreng et al. (1990) identified two plastid clades: Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type) and Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type).[1]
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Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type)
editSubtribe Torreyochloinae
editSubtribe Torreyochloinae Soreng (2003) contains Amphibromus, and Torreyochloa.[1]
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Torreyochloa
editTorreyochloa (false mannagrass) has also been treated as a section of Puccinellia (alkali grass). Torreyochloa can be distinguished from similar wetland species of Glyceria and Puccinellia by Torreyochloa's open leaf sheaths, 3-veined upper glumes, and conspicuous veins on its lemmas.[1]
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Genus Torreyochloa | False manna grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Torr.) G.L.Church var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore 1906. Glyceria pallidavar. fernaldii 1917. Glyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) H.St.John 1949. T. fernaldii (Hitchc.) G.L.Church 1964. T. pallidavar. fernaldii 1966. Puccinellia fernaldii (Hitchc.) E.G.Voss |
Fernald's false mannagrass Glycérie de Fernald |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Torr.) G. L. Church var. pallida 1819. Windsoria pallida Torr. 1829. Uralepis pallida (Torr.) Kunth 1836. Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. 1891. Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze 1949. T. pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church 1952. Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) R.T.Clausen |
Pale false mannagrass, Pale mannagrass Glycérie pâle |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure OBL |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Aveninae
editSubtribe Aveninae J. Presl (1830) contains Arrhenatherum, Avellinia, Avena, Gaudinia, Graphephorum, Helictotrichon, Koeleria, Lagurus, Leptophyllochloa, Peyritschia, Rostraria, Sphenopholis, Trisetaria, Tricholemma, and Trisetum.[1] Genera in bold text have been found in New York.
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Sphenopholis
edit
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Genus Sphenopholis Scribn. | Wedge scale | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Rydb.) Rydb. 1909. Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb |
Slender wedge grass, Slender wedgescale |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(Biehler) Scribn. (1906) |
Shiny wedge grass, Shiny wedgescale |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(Michx.) Scribn. (1906) |
Prairie wedgegrass, Prairie wedgescale |
Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Hitchc. 1753. Avena pennsylvanica L.
1817. Trisetum pensylvanicum in…
1823. Arrhenatherum pensylvanicum in…
1915. Sphenopholis pennsylvanica in… |
Swamp oats ⓘ
Swamp wedgescale ⓘ
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Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Sphenopholis (excluded taxa) | Wedge scale | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Sphenopholis obtusata × Sphenopholis pensylvanica |
Native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Sphenopholis intermedia × nitida Sphenopholis intermedia × Sphenopholis nitida |
Native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
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Trisetum
editGenus Trisetum | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) K.Richt. |
Narrow false oats, Spike trisetum |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Avena flavescens 1805. Trisetum pratense Pers. 1812. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P.Beauv. 1816. Trisetaria flavescens (L.) Baumg. |
Yellow oatgrass, Yellow oat grass, Golden oat grass Avoine dorée, Avoine jaunâtre |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-XW ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Graphephorum
edit
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Genus Graphephorum | False oat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Michx.) Desv. 1803. Aira melicoides Michx.
1810. Graphephorum melicoides in…
1818. Poa melicoides (Michx.) Nutt.
1884. Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Scribn. |
Melic oats ⓘ
Purple false oats ⓘ
False melic ⓘ Trisèe fausse-mélique ⓘ
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Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Koeleria
editGenus Koeleria | June grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Ledeb.) Schult. 1753. Aira cristata L. 1812. Aira macrantha Ledeb. 1824. K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. auct. K. cristata non Pers. (i) auct. K. pyramidata non (Lam.) P. Beauv. |
Junegrass, Prairie Junegrass |
Introduced, N. America native |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Koeleria (excluded taxa) | June grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Lam.) P. Beauv. 1791. Poa pyramidata Lam. 1812. K. pyramidata (Lam.) P. Beauv. |
Misapplied to American Junegrass |
Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
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Arrhenatherum
editGenus Arrhenatherum | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. elatius |
Tall oatgrass | Introduced, Naturalized |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Arrhenatherum (excluded taxa) | Oat grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl ssp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens 1799. Avena bulbosa Willd. 1825. Arrh. elatiusvar. bulbosum 1834. Arrh. elatiusssp. bulbosum |
Tall oatgrass | Introduced, No specimens |
NYFA: D |
USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Avena
editGenus Avena | Oat | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. Avena fatua L.
Avena hybrida |
Wild oat | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Unknown naturalization, IPA |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |
L. Avena sativa L.
Avena byzantina
Avena fatua var. sativa |
Common oat, Cultivated oat |
Introduced, Not naturalized, IPA |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XW Images Wikispecies | |
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Rostraria
editGenus Rostraria | Hair grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Tzvelev Festuca cristata (L.) Tzvelev
Koeleria gerardii
Koeleria phleoides |
Mediterranean hairgrass | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Phalaridinae
editSubtribe Phalaridinae Fr. (1835) contains only the genus Phalaris.[1]
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Phalaris
editTwo canary grasses, Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) and Phalaris canariensis (annual canary grass) are common in New York.
The New York Flora Atlas (2021) lists Phalaris arundinacea as native to New York because native genotypes of the grass once occurred in the state. But the Atlas states that the native genotypes are either extirpated or very rare, referring to Jakubowski et al. (2012 & 2014)[1] and Nelson et al. (2014).[2] Although the New York Flora Atlas only lists Phalaris arundinacea var. picta as a synonym of Phalaris arundinacea, the Catalogue of New World Grasses (2003) lists both P. arundinacea var. arundinacea and P. arundinacea var picta as valid taxa.[3] Because the ornamental var. picta is readily identifiable by its striped leaves, it's doubtful that it has naturalized in New York without being reported. However, it is believed that hardy European races of var. arundinacea have been introduced at various times since early European settlement and have probably hybridized with American races. So, the Phalaris arundinacea species may be considered invasive in New York.[4]
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Genus Phalaris | Canary grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. arundinacea 1753. Phalaris arundinacea L. 1969. Phalaroides arundinacea Rauschert |
Reed canary grass
Reed canarygrass Alpiste roseau
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Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 78%[1], USGS: L48 not listed, SNR, G5, CP-3[2], Highly invasive[3] FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun |
NYFA: 5 GBIF |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. picta L. 1753. P. arundinaceavar. picta L. 1852. Phalaris picta (L.) Sloboda 1969. Phalaroides arundinaceassp. japonica |
Ornamental canary grass, Ribbon grass, Gardener's gaiters Alpiste ruban, Ruban de la vierge |
Introduced, Potentially invasive FACW Perennial, Graminoid, Sun |
NYFA: 0 |
USDA-0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Phalaris canariensis L. 1794. Phalaris ovata Moench 1796. Phalaris avicularis Salisb. |
Annual canary grass, Common canary grass, Seed canary grass, Birdseed grass |
Introduced from Europe, Canary Isands FACU Annual, Graminoid |
30 counties NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Anthoxanthinae
editSubtribe Anthoxanthinae A. Gray (1856) contains only Anthoxanthum.[1]
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Anthoxanthum
editAnthoxanthum is known variously as sweetgrass, vernalgrass, vanillagrass, or holygrass. The merging of the genus Hierochloe into Anthoxanthum by Schouten and Veldkamp (1985) may be cause for confusion between the native Anthoxanthum nitens (formerly Hierochloe odorata) and the Eurasian Anthoxanthum odoratum. These are two distinct species, and A. nitens appears never to have been considered a sub-taxon of A. odoratum.
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Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe
editThe grasses of Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe are generally known as sweetgrass. Because A. hirtum and A. nitens were previously included together under Hierochloe odorata, the county-level distribution shown here for these two species is likely incorrect. The A. hirtum map is based on the BONAP map, while the A. nitens is based on the NYFA map as of 10-Nov-2016.
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Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Hierochloe | Sweet grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp ssp. nitens 1753. Holcus odoratus L. 1787. Poa nitens Weber 1806. Ho. borealis Schrad. (i) 1812. Hierochloe odorata (L.) P.Beauv. 1817. Hi. borealis (Schrad.) Roem. & Schult. (i) 1898. Savastana nashii E.P.Bicknell 1914. Hi. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) Kaczmarek 1915. Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc. 1921. T. nashii (E.P.Bicknell) House 1985. Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp |
Vanilla sweet grass, Vanilla sweetgrass, Common sweetgrass, Vanilla grass, Holy grass, Manna grass, Seneca grass Hiérochloé odorante, Hiérochloé odorant, Avoine odorante, Foin d'odeur, Herbe sainte, Houlque boréale |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
(Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1789. Savastana hirta Schrank 1830. Hierochloe arctica J.Presl 1900. H. hirta (Schrank) Borbas 1930. H. odoratavar. annulata 1971. H. hirtassp. arctica 1973. H. odoratassp. hirta 1976. H. odoratassp. arctica 1979. H. hirtavar. annulata 1985. Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp 1996. A. hirtumssp. arcticum [1] |
Hairy sweetgrass, Hairy sweet grass, Northern sweetgrass, Northern sweet grass Hiérochloé hérissée |
Native, CoC: 2, Unranked Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: U |
USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
(Bigelow) Veldkamp ssp. monticola 1816. Holcus monticola Bigelow 1817. Dimesia monticola (Bigelow) Raf. 1954. Hierochloe orthantha T.J.Sørensen 1962. Hi. alpinavar. orthantha 1964. Hi. monticola (Bigelow) Á.Löve & D.Löve (i) 1971. Hi. alpinassp. orthantha 1985. A. monticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp 1996. A. monticolassp. orthanthum 2012. A. monticolassp. monticola |
Alpine sweetgrass Hiérochloé des montagnes |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[2] |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum
editThe Old-World Anthoxanthum species found in New York often go by the name vernal grass and appear to be more widespread in the state than the native sweetgrass.
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Genus Anthoxanthum subg. Anthoxanthum | Vernal grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1823. A. villosum Dumort. 1873. A. odoratumvar. villosum 1880. Xanthonanthos odoratum (L.) St.-Lag. |
Sweet vernal grass, Sweet vernalgrass, Large sweet grass, Large sweet vernalgrass, Scented vernal grass Flouve odorante, Foin d'odeur |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: Xn |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Lag. var. aristatum (Boiss.) Pérez Lara 1842. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 1848. A. puelii Lecoq & Lamotte 1854. A. odoratumvar. puelii 1854. A. odoratumvar. aristatum 1886. A. ovatumvar. aristatum |
Vernal grass, Annual vernalgrass, Small sweet vernal grass Flouve aristée |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not Naturalized Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Brizinae
editSubtribe Brizinae Tzvelev (1968) Airopsis and Briza.[1]
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Briza
editQuakinggrass (Briza).
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Genus Briza | Quakinggrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Big quakinggrass, Large quaking grass |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Perennial quaking grass | Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-XW Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Briza (excluded taxa) | Quakinggrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Little quakinggrass | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Echinopogoninae
editGreeneochloa
editGreeneochloa P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá (2019) was segregated from Calamagrostis based on phylogenetic and morphological differences. It contains type species Greeneochloa coarctata (syn. Calamagrostis coarctata Eaton), which is present in New York State.
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Genus Greeneochloa | Reedgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
P.M. Peterson, Soreng, Romasch. & Barberá auct. Calamagrostis cinnoides W.P.C.Barton (i)
1823. Arundo coarctata Torr.
1829. Calamagrostis coarctata (Torr.) Eaton
2019. Greeneochloa coarctata in… |
Small reedgrass, Arctic reedgrass, Nuttall's reedgrass |
Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure OBL |
NYFA: 4? |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Agrostidinae
editSubtribe Agrostidinae Fr. (1835) contains about 604 species in 16 genera: Agrostis, Ammophila, Ancistragrostis, Bromidium, Calamagrostis, Chaetopogon, Dichelachne, Echinopogon, Hypseochloa, Gastridium, Lachnagrostis, Limnodea, Pentapogon, Podagrostis, Polypogon, and Triplachne.[1]
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Agrostis
editBentgrass or simply bent (Agrostis)
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Genus Agrostis | Bentgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Willd. 1797. Agrostis scabra Willd.
1813. Trichodium scabrum (Willd.) Muhl.
1824. Agrostis geminata Trin.
1843. Agrostis scabra var. tenuis Tuck.
1843. Agrostis laxiflora var. scabra (Willd.) Torr.
1921. Agrostis peckii House
1942. Agrostis scabra var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen
1948. Agrostis hyemalis var. scabra (Willd.) H.L. Blomq.
1952. Agrostis hyemalis var. tenuis (Tuck.) Gleason |
Northern tickle grass ⓘ
Rough bentgrass ⓘ
Agrostide scabre ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1788. Cornucopiae hyemalis Walter
1888. Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) in…
1888. Agrostis hiemalis orth. var.
1898. Agrostis canina var. hyemalis (Walter) Kuntze
1908. Agrostis antecedens E.P.Bicknell |
Southern tickle grass ⓘ
Southern hair grass
Winter bent grass ⓘ
Hair grass ⓘ
Tickle grass ⓘ Agrostide d'hiver ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 4-5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Walter) Tuck. A. altissima (Walter) Tuck. A. perennans (Walter) Tuck. |
Autumn bent, Upland bent, Upland bentgrass |
Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Trin. (1836) A. borealis Hartm. (1843) |
Northern bent, Northern bentgrass, Arctic bentgrass Agrostide de Mertens |
Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, S2, G5, NYNHP: 2[1] FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
Essex NYFA: 2 |
Go Botany NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. A. caninavar. varians |
Velvet bent, Velvet bentgrass Agrostide des chiens |
Introduced, N. America native UPL-FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NW Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Agrostis capillaris L.
1794. Agrostis tenuis Sibth.
1796. Agrostis vulgaris With.
1855. Agrostis alba var. vulgaris (With.) Coss. & Durieu
Agrostis stricta
Agrostis sylvatica |
Rhode Island bent, Rhode Island bentgrass, Colonial bent, Colonial bentgrass |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], Naturalized |
NYFA: X GBIF |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
L. (1753) auct. A. alba non L. A. maritima Lam. A. palustris Huds. |
Creeping bent, Creeping bentgrass |
Introduced, Moderately invasive, N. America native FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X5 |
USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Roth 1788. Agrostis gigantea Roth
1796. Agrostis nigra With.
1825. Agrostis alba var. aristata Spenn.
1834. Agrostis stolonifera ssp. gigantea (Roth) Schübl. & G. Martens
1835. Agrostis stolonifera var. gigantea (Roth) Bréb. |
Redtop, Red-top, Black bentgrass |
Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%[2] |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Agrostis (excluded taxa) | Bentgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Schreb. 1771. Agrostis vinealis Schreb. |
Brown bentgrass | Introduced from Alaska, Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-00 Images Wikispecies | |
Agrostis mertensii × Agrostis scabra |
Hybrid of northern bent & northern tickle-grass |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
Agrostis canina × Agrostis capillaris |
Hybrid of velvet bent & Rhode Island bent |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
Agrostis gigantea × Agrostis stolonifera |
Hybrid of red-top & creeping bent |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
Agrostis capillaris × Agrostis gigantea |
Hybrid of Rhode Island bent & red-top |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
Images Wikispecies | |
Calamagrostis
editJeffery M. Saarela et al. (2017) showed that two species of Ammophila are nested within separate clades in Calamagrostis s.s., making both Ammophila and Calamagrostis polyphyletic. Merging Ammophila into Calamagrostis was the solution.[1]
Molecular and morphological studies have shown that native eastern North American beechgrass comprises a number of lineages with overlapping characteristics that may be best treated as a single species:[2]
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Genus Calamagrostis | Reedgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis 1812. Calamagrostis canadensis in…
1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis autonym
1878. Calamagrostis canadensis var. robusta Vasey |
Canada bluejoint grass, Bluejoint, Blue-joint reedgrass |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Michx.) P. Beauv. var. langsdorfii |
Bluejoint | Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 1 county NYFA: 1? |
USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: [1] | |
(Fernald) Saarela 1920. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald
1966. A. champlainensis F. Seym.
2006. A. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis (F. Seym.) P.J. Walker, C.A. Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth
2017. Calamagrostis breviligulata in…
2017. C. breviligulata ssp. champlainensis (F. Seym.) Saarela |
Beech grass ⓘ
American beachgrass
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Native, CoC: 8, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
A.Gray |
Pickering's reedgrass, Pickering's reed bent-grass |
Native, Rare |
NYFA: 3 |
USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(Timm) Koeler ssp. inexpansa Calamagrostis hyperborea Calamagrostis inexpansa Calamagrostis lacustris |
Northern reedgrass | Native, Threatened |
NYFA: 2 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
(Timm) Koeler ssp. stricta Calamagrostis neglecta |
Slim-stemmed small-reedgrass | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[2] |
NYFA: 1 |
Images Wikispecies | |
A.Gray ssp. porteri |
Porter's reedgrass | Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[3] |
NYFA: 1-2 |
USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Wood reed grass | Native, Endangered, Endemic to NY, NYNHP: 1[4] |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | ||
(L.) Roth 1753. Arundo epigejos L.
1788. Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth
1825. Agrostis epigeios (L.) Raspail
1852. Calamagrostis epigeios var. georgica (K. Koch) Griseb. (i) |
Feathertop ⓘ
Chee reedgrass ⓘ
Bushgrass ⓘ Calamagrostide épigéois ⓘ
Calamagrostide commune ⓘ
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Introduced from Eurasia, Africa, Highly invasive, Naturalized, SNA, G5 |
NYFA: 10 counties iNat: 2 counties NYFA: X iNat |
USDA-XX Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Polypogon
editGenus Polypogon | Rabbitsfoot grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Kunth (1816) |
Ditch beard grass, Ditch rabbitsfoot grass, Ditch polypogon |
Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Desf. 1753. Alopecurus monspeliensis L. 1798. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf. |
Annual rabbit's-foot grass, Annual beard grass, Rabbit's-foot polypogon |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalization unknown |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
|
Tribe Poeae, Chloroplast Group 2 (Poeae type)
editSubtribe Sesleriinae
editSubtribe Sesleriinae Parl. (1845) contains 37 species in 5 genera: Mibora, Echinaria, Oreochloa, Sesleria, and Sesleriella.[1]
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Mibora
editMibora species previously listed have now been excluded from the New York Flora.
|
Genus Mibora (excluded taxa) | Sand grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Desv. Mibora minima (L.) Desv. |
Early sandgrass, Early sand grass |
Introduced, Impersistent, Waif Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: EXCLUDED |
USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Coleanthinae
editSubtribe Coleanthinae Rouy (1913) contains Catabrosa, Catabrosella, Coleanthus, Colpodium, Hyalopoa, Paracolpodium, Phippsia, Puccinellia, Sclerochloa, and Zingeria.[1]
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Puccinellia
editThe Puccinellia (alkali grass) species are similar in appearance to the wetland genera Glyceria and Torreyochloa, however, alkali grass is adaptable to saline areas.[1]
|
Genus Puccinellia Parl. | Alkali grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Jacq.) Parl. |
European alkaligrass, Weeping alkaligrass |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(Torr.) E.P. Bicknell |
Saltmarsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh alkaligrass, Salt marsh goosegrass |
Introduced OBL |
NYFA: X |
USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(With.) Fernald & Weath. |
Stiff alkaligrass, British alkaligrass, Goosegrass |
Introduced Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: |
USDA-X Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Puccinellia (excluded taxa) | Alkali grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(J. Presl) Fernald & Weath. |
Nootka alkaligrass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(Schult.) Hitchc. |
Nuttall's alkaligrass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Scribn. & Merr. P. alaskana Scribn. & Merr. P. langeanassp. alaskana P. pauperculavar. alaskana P. tenellassp. alaskana |
Alaska goose grass, Tundra alkaligrass |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Seaside alkaligrass, Seaside speargrass |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-MX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
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Sclerochloa
editHardgrass (Sclerochloa P. Beauv.)
|
Genus Sclerochloa | Hardgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Cynosurus durus L. 1812. Sclerochloa dura (L.) P.Beauv. |
Fairground grass, Common hardgrass, Hard meadowgrass |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Wool mill waif, GMW[1] |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-XN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Miliinae
editMilium
editGenus Milium | Millet grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. cisatlanticum Fernald 1950. M. effusumvar. cisatlanticum 2010. M. effusumssp. cisatlanticum |
American milletgrass, Tall millet-grass |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Milium (excluded taxa) | Millet grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. effusum 1753. Milium effusum L. 1783. Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam. 1794. Miliarium effusa (L.) Moench. 1796. Melica effusa (L.) Salisb. 1808. Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard |
Millet grass, Wood millet |
Introduced, N.Y. excluded FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA- ARS-GRIN NWG Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Airinae
editSubtribe Airinae Caro (1982) contains about 41 species in 7 genera: Aira, Antinoria, Avenella, Corynephorus, Helictochloa, Molineriella, and Periballia.[1]
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Avenella
editHairgrass (Avenella Bluff ex Drejer) contains the native Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drej., which is occasionally still listed as Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. by some sources.
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Genus Avenella | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Drejer 1753. Aira flexuosa L.
1811. Arundo flexuosa (L.) Clairv.
1823. Avena flexuosa (L.) Mert. & Koch (i)
1836. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
1838. Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer
1852. Deschampsia flexuosa var. montana (L.) A. & D.Löve
1866. Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Schur |
Common hair grass, Wavy hair grass, Crinkled hair grass |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 GBIF |
USDA-NN WFO Kew WCSP POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Aira
editHairgrass
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Genus Aira | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Aira praecox L.
1796. Agrostis praecox (L.) Salisb.
1824. Trisetum praecox (L.) Dumort.
1913. Aspris praecox (L.) Nash |
Early hairgrass, Yellow hairgrass, Spike hairgrass, Early silver hairgrass, Small hairgrass |
Introduced, USGS: L48 established, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminioid |
NYFA: X GBIF |
USDA-XX VASCAN Images Wikispecies | |
L. var. caryophyllea1753. Aira caryophyllea L. 1780. Avena caryophyllea (L.) Weber 1796. Agrostis caryophyllea (L.) Salisb. 1866. Fussia caryophyllea (L.) Schur 1913. Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash |
Silver hairgrass, Silvery hairgrass, Common silver hairgrass Canche caryophyllée, Aira caryophyllé |
Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized |
NYFA: X GBIF |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Aira (excluded taxa) | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. capillaris (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Bluff & Fingerh. 1798. Aira capillaris Savi 1823. Avena capillaris Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1836. Aira caryophylleavar. capillaris Bluff & Fingerh. 1853. Aira elegantissima Schur auct. Aira elegans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. |
Delicate hairgrass, Annual silver hairgrass |
Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, No specimens, GMW |
USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
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Corynephorus
editClubawn grass
|
Genus Corynephorus | Clubawn grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) P.Beauv. 1753. Aira canescens L.
1780. Avena canescens (L.) Weber
1796. Agrostis canescens (L.) Salisb.
1812. Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.Beauv.
1821. Aira variegata St.Amans |
Gray clubawn grass, Gray hairgrass |
Introduced from Europe, Morocco, Naturalized, USGS: L48 established, SNA, GNR Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X GBIF |
USDA-XN Kew WCSP POWO Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Aristaveninae
editSubtribe Aristaveninae F.Albers & Butzin (1977) contains only Deschampsia with about 51 species worldwide. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae,[1] but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.[2]
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Deschampsia
editHairgrass (Deschampsia)
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Genus Deschampsia P.Beauv. | Hairgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) P.Beauv. ssp. cespitosa 1753. Aira cespitosa L.
1796. Agrostis caespitosa (L.) Salisb.
1812. D. caespitosa (L.) P.Beauv.
1846. D. cespitosa ssp. glauca (Hartm.) Hartm.
1861. D. cespitosa var. parviflora (Thuill.) Coss. & Germ.
1918. D. cespitosa var. glauca (Hartm.) Lindm.
1940. D. anadyrensis V.N.Vassil. |
Tufted hairgrass, Small-flowered ticklegrass, Tussock grass Deschampsie cespiteuse, Canche cespiteuse, Canche gazonnante |
Native, CoC: 8, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NM Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
(Trin.) Munro 1830. Aira danthonioides Trin. 1830. D. calycina J. Presl 1857. D. danthonioides (Trin.) Munro |
Annual hairgrass | Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized FACW Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Holcinae
editSubtribe Holcinae Dumort. (1868) contains about 11 species in 2 genera: Holcus and Vahlodea. Soreng et al. (2015) tentatively placed Deschampsia in subtribe Holcinae,[1] but Soreng et al. (2017) moved it to its own subtribe Aristaveninae.[2]
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Vahlodea
editMountain hair grass (Vahlodea atropurpurea) is a circumboreal grass that is probably extirpated from New York State.
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Genus Vahlodea | Hair grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1812. Aira atropurpurea Wahlenb. 1822. Avena atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Link 1826. Holcus atropurpureus (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. 1843. Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Fr. ex Hartm. 1844. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahlenb.) Scheele 1937. Vahlodea latifolia (Hook.) Hultén |
Mountain hair grass, Mountain hairgrass, Arctic hair grass, Arctic hairgrass Deschampsie pourpre |
Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent FACW, Graminoid |
NYFA: Z |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Holcus
editVelvet grass or soft grass (Holcus) contains two non-native grasses found in New York State.
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Genus Holcus | Velvetgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Holcus lanatus L. 1787. Aira holcus-lanata Vill. 1802. Avena lanata (L.) Koeler 1817. Holcus argenteus C. Agardh ex Roem. & Schult. 1912. Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. 1916. Ginannia lanata (L.) F.T.Hubb. |
Common velvetgrass, Fog grass Holoque laineuse |
Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FAC-FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. mollis1759. Holcus mollis L. 1771. Aira mollis (L.) Schreb. 1787. Aira holcus-mollis Vill. 1802. Avena mollis (L.) Koeler (i) 1901. Ginannia mollis (L.) Bubani 1915. Notholcus mollis (L.) Hitchc. |
Creeping velvet grass ⓘ
Creeping soft grass ⓘ
Creeping fog ⓘ Houlque molle
|
Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Cynosurinae
editCynosurus
editDogtail grass (Cynosurus) contains two non-native grasses occasionally found in New York.
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Genus Cynosurus | Dogstail grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Crested dog's tail, Crested dogtail grass Crêtelle à crêtes |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Bristly dogtail grass, Rough dog's tail |
Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Dactylidinae
editSubtribe Dactylidinae Stapf (1898) contains 2 species in 2 genera: Dactylis and Lamarckia.[1]
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Dactylis
editOrchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) is a very common naturalized grass from Eurasia. It is commonly planted for grazing or for hay, but it can become quite weedy and is listed as a restricted noxious weed in states immediately south of New York (PA, NJ, MD, DE, and VA).
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Genus Dactylis | Orchard grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Dactylis glomerata L. 1771. Bromus glomeratus (L.) Scop. 1785. Festuca glomerata (L.) All. 1817. Limnetis glomerata (L.) Eaton 1828. D. glomeratavar. detonsa 1838. D. glomeratavar. ciliata 1906. D. glomeratassp. lobata 1911. D. glomeratassp. aschersoniana |
Orchard grass, Orchardgrass, Cock's foot, Cock's foot grass |
Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: Xn |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Loliinae
editSubtribe Loliinae Dumort. (1829) contains about 700 species in 9 genera: Castellia, Drymochloa, Festuca, Leucopoa, Lolium, Megalachne, Patzkea, Podophorus, and Pseudobromus.[1]
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Festuca
editFescue (Festuca L. 1753)
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Genus Festuca | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Pers.) E. B. Alexeev 1805. Poa subverticillata Pers.
1807. Festuca obtusa Biehler
1980. Festuca subverticillata in… |
Nodding fescue | Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
var. saximontana |
Mountain fescue, Sheep fescue, Rocky Mountain fescue |
Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[1] |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
(Hack.) R.P. Murray 1882. F. ovina var. trachyphylla Hack
1895. Festuca trachyphylla in…
auct. Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) W.D.J.Koch
auct. Festuca longifolia non Thuill.
1930. Festuca trachyphylla in…
1977. Festuca brevipila R.Tracey |
Fétuque dressée, Fétuque à feuilles scabres, Hard fescue, Sheep Fescue |
Introduced from Europe, Naturalized UPL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Pourr. Festuca capillata Lam. Festuca ovinassp. tenuifolia Festuca ovinavar. capillata Festuca tenuifolia Sibth. |
Hair fescue, Fineleaf sheep fescue, Fine-leaved sheep fescue |
Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 60%[2] Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
F. rubra var. heterophylla |
Various-leaved fescue | Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. rubra Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fernald |
Red fescue, Prolific fescue |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. commutata Gaudin 1786. Festuca nigrescens Lam. 1788. Festuca heteromalla Pourr. 1799. Festuca fallax Thuill. 1828. F. rubrassp. commutata 1881. F. rubravar. fallax 1882. F. rubrassp. fallax |
Chewing's fescue, Varioushair fescue |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Festuca (excluded taxa) | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Schult. & Schult.f. 1823. F. brevifolia R.Br. non Muhl. 1827. F. brachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. 1871. F. ovinavar. brevifolia 1906. F. ovinavar. brachyphylla |
Alpine fescue, Rock fescue |
N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
F. ovina var. hispidula |
Sheep fescue | Introduced, Synonym |
NYFA: X |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
Vulpia
editRecent souces, including Soreng et al. (2015) and the New York Flora Atlas (2021) place Vulpia species within Festuca, while many other sources continue to treat them as separate species.[1]
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Genus Vulpia | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Walter) Rydb. var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald 1797. Festuca tenella Willd.
1812. Schedonorus tenellus in…
1840. Vulpia tenella (Willd.) Heynh.
1862. Festuca gracilenta Buckley
1932. Festuca octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald
1932. Festuca octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald
1945. Vulpia octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald
1945. Vulpia octoflora var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald |
Northern six-weeks fescue ⓘ
Eight-flowered six-weeks grass ⓘ
Slender 8-flowered fescue ⓘ
|
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) C.C.Gmel. Festuca megalura Festuca myuros 1805. Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Vulpia megalura |
Annual fescue, Rat's-tail six-weeks grass |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Vulpia (excluded taxa) | Fescue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | X NPT |
(L.) Gray 1753. Festuca bromoides L.
1785. Bromus dertonensis
1821. Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray
1901. Festuca dertonensis in…
1904. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Gola
1905. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Volkart
1956. Vulpia dertonensis (All.) Parodi |
Brome fescue, Brome six-weeks grass |
Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Lolium
editGenus Lolium | Rye grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Lam. |
Italian ryegrass, Ivraie multiflore, Ray-grass d'Italie |
Introduced, GMW |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Ivraie vivace, Perennial ryegrass, Ray-grass anglais |
Introduced, GMW |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss. (1854) Lolium dorei B. Boivin |
Ivraie de Perse, Persian darnel, Persian ryegrass |
Introduced, Impersistent, GMW |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
L. ssp. temulentum |
Darnel, Darnel ryegrass, Ivraie enivrante |
Introduced, GMW |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Schedonorus
editBecause the Festuca subgenus Schedonorus seems to be more similar to Lolium than to the rest of Festuca, some sources now treat it as its own genus while others now treat it as a subgenus of Lolium.[1]
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Genus Schedonorus | Fescue, ryegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Huds.) P.Beauv. auct. Festuca elatior non L. (1753) 1762. Festuca pratensis Huds. 1812. Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. 1993. Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. |
Tall rye grass, Meadow rye grass, Meadow fescue |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
present in most counties NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(Schreb.) Dumort 1753. Festuca elatior L. nom. rej. 1771. Poa phoenix Scop. 1771. Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 1789. Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth 1857. Festuca elatiorvar. arundinacea 1867. Festuca elatiorssp. arundinacea 1824. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort 1993. Lolium arundinaceum Darbysh. 1998. S. phoenix (Scop.) Holub |
Tall rye grass, Alta fescue, Tall fescue, Coarse fescue, Kentucky fescue, Reed fescue Fétuque élevée |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 65%[1] FACU |
present in at least 20 counties NYFA: X iNat |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Holub 1753. Bromus giganteus L. 1787. Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. 1993. Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh. 1998. Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub |
Giant rye grass, Giant fescue |
Introduced, Unknown naturalization |
Bronx, Westchester (1882) NYFA: Xu |
USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: GMW | |
Subtribe Parapholiinae
editSubtribe Parapholiinae Caro (1982) contains about 26 species in 8 genera: Agropyropsis, Catapodium, Cutandia, Desmazeria, Hainardia, Parapholis, Sphenopus, and Vulpiella.[1]
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Catapodium
editFerngrass (Catapodium rigidum) was collected from Monroe County but has not been reported to naturalize anywhere in the state.
|
Genus Catapodium | Fern grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) C.E. Hubb. ssp. rigidum 1846. Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb.
1952. Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin
1953. Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. |
Ferngrass | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Alopecurinae
editSubtribe Alopecurinae worldwide contains 3 genera with 47 species. According to Soreng et. al. (2015) the genera of Alopecurinae were included in subtribe Poinae.[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.[2]
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Alopecurus
editGenus Alopecurus | Foxtail | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Sobol. var. aequalis 1799. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 1803. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. 1823. Alopecurus geniculatusvar. aristulatus 1925. Alopecurus aequalisssp. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. aequalis 1925. Alopecurus aequalisvar. natans |
Shortawn foxtail, Short-awn foxtail, Short-awned foxtail, Short foxtail, Little meadow foxtail, Water foxtail Vulpin à courtes arêtes |
Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
Walter |
Tufted foxtail, Carolina foxtail, Carolina meadow foxtail |
Introduced, N. America native, Weed Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Meadow foxtail, Water foxtail, Floating foxtail, Marsh foxtail, Marsh meadow-foxtail, Knee-joint foxtail |
Introduced from Eurasia, Weed FACW-OBL Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Huds. |
Slender meadow-foxtail Vulpin des champs |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Meadow foxtail, Field meadow-foxtail Vulpin des prés |
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
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Subtribe Beckmanniinae
editAccording to Soreng et. al. (2014) Beckmanniinae should be included in subtribe Poinae.[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.[2]
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Beckmannia
editGenus Beckmannia | Sloughgrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Steud.) Fernald |
American sloughgrass | Introduced, N. America native |
ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
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Subtribe Phleinae
editAccording to Soreng et. al. (2015) Phleinae should be included in subtribe Poinae.[1] But Soreng et. al. (2017) retained the separation, placing Alopecurinae in supersubtribe Poodinae within tribe Poeae.[2]
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Phleum
editThe genus Phleum contains several grasses commonly called timothy. In New York State, it consists almost entirely of common timothy (Phleum pratense), which probably grows in every county and is listed as moderately invasive.
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Genus Phleum | Timothy | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. pratense 1753. Phleum pratense L.
1778. P. pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds.
1821. P. nodosum var. pratense (L.) St.-Amans
1824. P. pratense ssp. nodosum (L.) Dumort.
1854. P. intermedium Jord.
1859. P. parnassicum Boiss. (i) |
Common timothy ⓘ
Meadow timothy
Timothy ⓘ
Meadow cat's-tail ⓘ Fléole des près ⓘ
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Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%[1] FACU |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
L. |
Sand timothy | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | |
Huds. (1762) Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq. |
British timothy | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA: Xm |
ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Subtribe Poinae
editSubtribe Poinae Dumort. (1829) contains the genera Agrostopoa, Alopecurus, Aniselytron, Apera, Arctagrostis, Arctophila, Beckmannia, Bellardiochloa, Brizochloa(?), Cinna, Cornucopiae, Cyathopus, Dupontia, Dupontiopsis, Gaudiniopsis, Hookerochloa, Limnas, Nephelochloa, Nicoraepoa, Parvotrisetum, Phleum, Pholiurus, Poa, Pseudophleum, Rhizocephalus, Saxipoa, Simplicia, Sylvipoa, Ventenata.[1]
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Poa
editPoa is the largest genus of grasses and contains over 500 species throughout temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres. North American Poa species are generally known as bluegrass. The system used here for subgeneric Poa organization is based on Gillespie and Soreng (2005).[1] The subgenera names use here are those proposed in Gillespie et al. (2007).[2]
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Poa subg. Arctopoa
editPoa subg. Arctopoa Grisebach (1971) is here considered equivalent of the ArcSyl clade, made up of subg. Arctopa sections Arctopa and Aphydris, and previous subg. Poa sect. Sylvestris: ( Arctopoa + Sylvestres ). It is considered to be the basal clade of the genus Poa. Subgenus Arctopoa comprises five species in two sections found in seashore and interior wetland habitats of northern, cool temperate regions.
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Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres
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Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Sylvestres | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
A.Gray 1856. Poa alsodes A.Gray |
Grove blue grass ⓘ
Grove bluegrass
Grove meadow grass ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 3, Secure, S5, G4-5 FAC-FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Fernald & Wiegand ssp. languida (A.S. Hitchc.) A. Haines Poa debilis Torr. Poa saltuensisssp. languida |
Weak bluegrass, Woodland bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Fernald & Wiegand ssp. saltuensis |
Common weak bluegrass, Drooping bluegrass, Oldpasture bluegrass |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 iNat |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
A.Gray 1848. Poa sylvestris A.Gray |
Woodland bluegrass, Forest bluegrass Pâturin des forêts |
Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | |
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Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa
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Genus Poa subg. Arctopoa sect. Arctopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Vasey 1893. Poa arida Vasey
1896. Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb.
1899. Poa glaucifolia Scribn. & T.A. Williams |
Plains bluegrass | Introduced from great plains, N. America native |
Ontario (1981) NYFA: X |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Poa subg. Ochlopoa
editPoa subg. Ochlopoa (Ascherson & Graebner) Hylander (1953) is here treated as equivalent to the BAPO clade, comprising previous subg. Poa sections: ( ( Bolbophorum + Alpinae ) ( Parodiochloa + Ochlopoa ) ).
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Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae
editAnnual bluegrass (Poa annua) is the only annual species of Poa present outside of cultivation in New York State. It is listed in Randall 2012 as one of the most aggressive weeds invading areas in all continents from sea level up to 4000 ft. in elevation.[1] It is the only alien plant having a successfully established population in maritime Antarctica.[2]
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Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Micrantherae | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Poa annua L.
1814. Aira pumila Pursh
1830. Poa aestivalis J. Presl
1891. Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn.
2003. Ochlopoa annua (L.) H. Scholz |
Annual blue grass ⓘ
Annual bluegrass
Annual meadow grass
Annual meadowgrass ⓘ
Speargrass
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Introduced from Eurasia, Widespread weed, Naturalized Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA: X iNat |
USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies | |
Genus (excluded taxa) | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY /NPT |
Scribn. 1894. Poa chapmaniana Scribn. |
Chapman bluegrass, Chapman's bluegrass |
Introduced from southeast US, N. America native, Excluded Annual, Graminoid |
excluded NYFA-Excluded iNat |
USDA-XX Go Botany Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae
editBulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa)
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Genus Poa subg. Ochlopoa sect. Arenariae | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. 1799. Poa crispa Thuill.
1802. Poa bulbosa var. vivipara Koeler
1882. Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang.
1915. Paneion bulbosum var. viviparum (Koeler) Lunell
1955. Poa bulbosa f. vivipara (Koeler) Maire
1972. Poa bulbosa ssp. crispa (Thuill.) Tzvelev |
Bulbous blue grass
Bulbous bluegrass
Viviparous bulbous bluegrass ⓘ
Bulbous meadow-grass Pâturin vivipare ⓘ
Pâturin bulbeux vivipare ⓘ
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Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 49%[1] Perennial, Graminoid |
Albany, Bronx, Broome, Kings, Nassau, Queens, Saratoga, Suffolk, Tompkins, Westchester NYFA: Xn |
USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Genus (excluded taxa) | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY /NPT |
L. ssp. bulbosa 1753. Poa bulbosa L.
1802. Poa bulbosa var. bulbosa
1882. Poa bulbosa ssp. bulbosa |
Bulbous bluegrass | Introduced, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Graminoid |
excluded NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Poa subg. Stenopoa
editPoa subg. Stenopoa (Dumortier) Soreng & L. J. Gillespie, Aliso (2006) is here considered to be equivalent to the SPOSTA clade, made up of members of sections:
( Secundae ( Pandemos ( Oreinos + Stenopoa + Tichopoa + Abbreviatae ) ) ). |
Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Stenopoa
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Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Stenopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1759. Poa palustris L. |
Fowl bluegrass, Meadowgrass |
Native, Secure |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
ssp. glauca |
Glaucous bluegrass | Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 2 |
Images Wikispecies | |
Rydb. |
Inland bluegrass | Native, No recent reports, Endangered |
NYFA: 1 |
Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Poa nemoralis L.
1753. Agrostis alba L.
1808. Poa glaucantha Schleich. ex Gaudin
1915. Agrestis alba (L.) Lunell
1915. Paneion nemorale (L.) Lunell |
Woodland bluegrass, Woods bluegrass, Wood bluegrass |
Introduced | NYFA: Xn |
USDA-MM Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Genus Poa subg. Stenopa (excluded taxa) | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Haenke ssp. laxa |
Mt. Washington bluegrass | N. America native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
Haenke |
Hybrid of gaucous bluegrass & Mt. Washington bluegrass |
Native, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
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Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Oreinos
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Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Oreinos | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Haenke ssp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl. 1935. Poa fernaldiana Nannf. 1953. Poa laxassp. fernaldiana Hyl. 1964. Poa flexuosassp. fernaldiana Á. Löve & D. Löve |
Fernald's bluegrass | Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1[1] |
Essex (1890-1990) NYFA: 1 |
USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | |
Slender marsh bluegrass, Bog bluegrass |
Native, Endangered |
NYFA: 1 |
Images Wikispecies | ||
Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Pandemos
editRough bluegrass (Poa trivialis)
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Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Pandemos | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. trivialis 1753. Poa trivialis L. 1854. Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr. |
Rough bluegrass, Rough-sheathed bluegrass, Rough-stalk bluegrass, Rough-stalk meadow grass, Scribner bluegrass, Scribner's bluegrass |
Introduced from Europe, Widespread weed, Naturalized, SNA, GNR FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | |
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Poa subg. Stenopoa sect. Tichopoa
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Genus Poa subg. Stenopa sect. Tichopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Poa compressa L. |
Flat-stemmed blue grass ⓘ
Canada blue grass ⓘ
Canada bluegrass ⓘ
Flattened meadow grass ⓘ
Wiry bluegrass
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Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 69%[1], CP-2[2] FAC Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: Xn |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Poa subg. Poa
editThe Poa subgenus is here considered to be composed of the HAMBADD clade (supersect. Homalopoa) and the PoM clade (supersect. Poa).
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Poa subg. Poa sect. Homalopoa
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Genus Poa sect. Homalopoa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Poa brachyphylla |
Early bluegrass | Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5 Perennial, Graminoid |
Monroe (2013), New York (1897), Richmond, Yates NYFA: 1 |
USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | |
Vill. |
Chaiz bluegrass, Broadleaf bluegrass |
Introduced | NYFA: X |
Images Wikispecies | |
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Poa subg. Poa sect. Poa
editKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is listed as invasive in New York State [1] North American sources treat Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia as a subspecies,[2] European sources appear to have reverted to treating these two taxa a distinct species.[3]
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Genus Poa sect. Poa | Bluegrass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. pratensis1753. Poa pratensis L.
1800. Poa pratensis var. pratensis
1828. Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis
1915. Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell
1938. Poa peckii Chase |
Common Kentucky bluegrass ⓘ
Kentucky bluegrass ⓘ
Smooth meadow grass ⓘ
Smooth meadow-grass ⓘ Pâturin des prés ⓘ
Wiesenrispengras ⓘ
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Introduced from Eurasia, n.Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%[1], SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X iNat GBIF |
USDA-XX WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies | |
L. 1753. Poa angustifolia L.
1800. Poa pratensis var. angustifolia Sm.
1828. Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L) Lej.
1882. Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L.) Arcang.** |
Narrow-leaved Kentucky blue grass ⓘ
Narrow-leaf meadow grass ⓘ Schmalblättriges Rispengras ⓘ
Smalgröe ⓘ
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Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, Naturalized, SNA FACU Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: X iNat GBIF |
USDA- WFO POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN NWG Tropicos CABI Images Wikispecies | |
Cinna
editAccording to Soreng et. al. (2014)[1] Cinna should be included in Poinae.
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Genus Cinna | Wood reed | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Cinna arundinacea L. |
Stout woodreed ⓘ
Sweet woodreed ⓘ
Sweet wood-reed ⓘ
Wood reedgrass
Wood-reed ⓘ
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Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany NWG Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. 1830. Agrostis latifolia Trevir. ex Göpp.
1832. Muhlenbergia pendula Trin.
1841. Cinna pendula Trin.
1852. Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb.
1856. Cinna arundinacea var. pendula (Trin.) A. Gray |
Drooping woodreed
Drooping wood-reed ⓘ
Slender wood reedgrass
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Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 FACW Perennial, Graminoid |
NYFA: 5 |
USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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Apera
editGenus Apera | Silky bent | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) P.Beauv. Agrostis interrupta Apera interrupta P.Beauv. |
Dense silky bentgrass, Interrupted windgrass |
Introduced, Naturalized, SNA, GNR |
Delaware, Lewis NYFA: X |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |
Silky bentgrass, Loose silkybent, Common windgrass |
Introduced, Unk. naturalization, SNA, GNR |
Bronx, New York, Rensselaer NYFA: Xun |
USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
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Ventenata
editGenus Ventenata Köhler (excluded taxa) | North Africa grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Leers) Coss. 1775. Avena dubia Leers
1802. Ventenata avenacea Koeler
1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.
1855. Ventenata dubia (Leers) Durieu
1912. Heteranthus dubius (Leers) Thell. |
North Africa grass | Introduced from eastern Europe, N.Y. excluded Annual, Graminoid |
NYFA-Excluded |
USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
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