Flora of New York/Lamiales 1
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Flora of New York — Lamiales 1: Oleaceae, Tetrachondraceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae |
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Table of contents |
Genus index |
Protected species index | Invasive species index | ||
The Lamiales [1] |
Family OleaceaeEdit
The Oleaceae (olive family) in New York consists of a handful of native and introduced ash trees, along with a number of non-native shrubs, some of which, primarily the privets, are extremely invasive and create dense thickets. Interestingly, the olive family does not include Elaeagnus species (Russian olive and autumn olive), which are also common alien invasives but are categorized in the Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family) in the Rhamnales.[1][2]
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Tribe ForsythieaeEdit
ForsythiaEdit
Forsythia is a popular non-native ornamental shrub, planted at least in part for its bright yellow early spring flowers. In New York, the degree of this popularity is tempered in much of the state where local weather doesn't consistently allow much flowering. The two species listed as having to some extent naturalized in New York are F. viridissima (greenstem forsythia) and F. suspensa (weeping forsythia). It's likely that in recent times the hybrid of the two, Forsythia × intermedia, has been planted at least as much as either of its parents, but it is sterile and also may not reproduce vegetatively as well as F. suspensa, whose arching branches root where they touch the ground, allowing it to do a slow walk into adjacent natural areas.[1] |
Forsythia species | Common name | Stem Center | Stem Habit | Leaf type |
---|---|---|---|---|
Forsythia suspensa | weeping forsythia | Hollow except at nodes | Arching | |
Forsythia viridissima | greenstem forsythia | Pith except at nodes | Upright | Simple |
Forsythia × intermedia | hybrid forsythia | Upright or arching | Simple or 3-lobed |
Forsythia | Forsythia | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Lindl. 1846. Forsythia viridissima Lindl. 1932. Rangium viridissimum Ohwi |
Greenstem forsythia, Green-stemmed forsythia, Golden-bells Forsythia vert |
Introduced from China & Korea, Not naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
(Thunb.) Vahl 1780. Ligustrum suspensum Thunb. 1784. Syringa suspensa Thunb. ex Murray 1804. Forsythia suspensa Vahl 1932. Rangium suspensum Ohwi |
Forsythia, Weeping forsythia, Golden-bells |
Introduced from China, Not naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Zabel Forsythia suspensa var. fortunei × Forsythia viridissima 1885. Forsythia × intermedia Zabel 1900. F. × intermedia var. densiflora Koehne |
Border forsythia, Showy forsythia, Hybrid forsythia |
Introduced, Not naturalized |
NYFA: Suffolk (2008) iNat: ? counties |
NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe OleeaeEdit
Subtribe FraxininaeEdit
FraxinusEdit
The genus Fraxinus is represented in New York primarily by the three native and economically important ash trees: white ash, black ash, and green ash. All are susceptible to infestation by the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) which has already infested a number of areas in the state and is expected to decimate ash tree populations in the near future.
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Fraxinus sect. Melioides | Ash | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Fraxinus americana L. 1878. F. americana var. microcarpa 1898. F. biltmoreana Beadle 1947. F. americana var. biltmoreana 1983. F. americana ssp. biltmoreana |
White ash, American ash Frêne blanc, Franc frêne, Frêne d'Amérique |
Native, CoC: 3, Secure FACU Perennial, Tree |
NYFA-N USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Marsh. 1785. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 1788. F. pubescens Lam. 1800. F. lanceolata Borkh. 1865. F. juglandifolia var. aucubifolia 1894. F. pennsylvanica var. lanceolata 1947. F. pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima 1949. F. pennsylvanica fo. aucubifolia |
Green ash, Downy ash, Northern red ash Frêne de Pennsylvanie, Frêne rouge |
Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Tree |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
(Bush) Bush 1813. Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx. superfl. 1894. Fraxinus americana var. profunda 1897. Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush 1897. Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. profunda 1914. Calycomelia profunda (Bush) Nieuwl. |
Pumpkin ash Frêne pubescent |
Native, CoC: 8, Impersistent OBL Perennial, Tree |
NYFA-X USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Fraxinus sect. Fraxinus | Ash | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Marshall 1785. Fraxinus nigra Marshall 1788. F. sambucifolia Lam. 1790. F. nigra var. sambucifolia 1846. F. americana var. sambucifolia |
Black ash, Brown ash, Hoop ash, Swamp ash, Water ash Frêne noir, Frêne de grève, Frêne gras |
Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW Perennial, Tree |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. Fraxinus excelsior L. |
European ash, Black ash Frêne commun, Frêne d'Europe |
Introduced from Eurasia, Impersistent Perennial, Tree |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Subtribe LigustrinaeEdit
The subtribe Ligustrinae contains the non-native lilacs and privets.
SyringaEdit
The common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) has been grown in the state as an ornamental shrub for centuries and appears to persist only where it has been cultivated, and so it is found to have naturalized mainly around abandoned farmsteads and such. The more recently introduced Japanese tree lilac (Syringa reticulata) however is considered to be potentially invasive, and although it is not yet widespread outside of cultivation in New York, it may be of concern.
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Syringa L. | Lilac | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Syringa vulgaris L. |
Common lilac, Purple lilac Lilas commun, Lilas vulgaire |
Introduced from southeastern Europe, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], GRIIS-US: Invasive, Naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note: WI, CA | ||
(Blume) H. Hara ssp. reticulata1850. Ligustrum reticulatum Blume 1941. Syringa reticulata H.Hara 1952. Ligustrina reticulata Nakai |
Japanese tree lilac Lilas japonais |
Introduced from temperate Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 31%[1], iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], GRIIS-US: No Evidence |
NYFA-Xn USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BBG Images Wikispecies Note: NYFA blog | ||
Syringa (excluded taxa) | Lilac | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Blume) H. Hara ssp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S. Greene & M.C. Chang 1856. Syringa amurensis Rupr. 1995. S. reticulata ssp. amurensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green & M.C.Chang |
Amur lilac | Introduced from temperate Asia, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN BBG Images Wikispecies | ||
Vahl 1804. Syringa villosa Vahl 1895. Syringa bretschneideri Lemoine |
Villous lilac, Late lilac, Japanese lilac |
Introduced from China, No NY reports |
NYFA-0 USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: [2] | ||
J. Jacq. ex Rchb. 1830. Syringa josikaea Rchb. |
Hungarian lilac | Introduced from southeastern Europe, No NY reports |
NYFA-0 USDA-X0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies Note: [3] | ||
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LigustrumEdit
In general, the several privet species, none of which are native to the western hemisphere, have been found to be invasive, and some are quite difficult to control where they have naturalized. The New York Flora Atlas reports that Ligustrum obtusifolium (border privet) is by far the most common and invasive of the naturalized privets, but that Ligustrum vulgare (European privet) can be locally quite aggressive as well.
Although some sources continue to treat Amur privet as a separate subspecies (Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. suave),[1] others treat it as a synonym of border privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium).[2]
|
Ligustrum sp. | young twigs & stalks of floral panicles |
floral-panicle length |
corolla lobe to tube length ratio |
tube length |
---|---|---|---|---|
L. vulgare | hairless or minutely pubescent | longer than 2" | ~1/1 | 2.5 - 3 mm |
L. obtusifolium | conspicuously hairy | 1" to 2" long | 1/3 - 2/3 | 5 - 8 mm |
Ligustrum | Privet | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Ligustrum vulgare L. 1877. L. insulense Decne. 1879. L. insulare Decne. |
European privet, Common privet, Wild privet, Prim Troène commun, Troène |
Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 68%[1] FACU Perennial, Shrub |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Siebold & Zucc. ssp. obtusifolium 1846. Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc.
1846. Ligustrum obtusifolium var. obtusifolium
1846. Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium
1899. Ligustrum obtusifolium var. regelianum Rehder
1900. Ligustrum ibota var. regelianum Rehder
1904. Ligustrum regelianum Koehne
1926. Ligustrum ibota var. obtusifolium (Siebold & Zucc.) Koidz. |
Border privet | Introduced from Japan, Korea, Highly invasive, NYIS: 77%[2], GRIIS-US: Invasive, Prohibited[3], CP-2[4] NE-4[5], IPA VT Perennial, Shrub |
NYFA-X USDA-X0 GBIF Kew POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Siebold & Zucc. ssp. suave (Kitag.) Kitag. 1861. Ligustrum amurense Carrière
1924. Ligustrum ibota var. amurense (Carrière) Mansf.
1934. Ligustrum ibota var. suave Kitag.
1944. Ligustrum obtusifolium var. suave (Kitag.) H.Hara.
1946. Ligustrum obtusifolium var. amurense (Carrière) Mansf.
1965. Ligustrum obtusifolium ssp. suave (Kitag. )Kitag.
1979. Ligustrum suave (Kitag.) Kitag. |
Amur privet, Amur river privet[5] |
Introduced from China, Potentially invasive, NYIS: NA[6] Perennial, Shrub |
NYFA: Schenectady (1950) | NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Hassk. 1844. Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. 1850. L. japonicum var. ovalifolium Blume 1877. L. californicum Decne. 1878. L. medium Franch. & Sav. |
California privet, Oval-leaf privet, Garden privet Troène des haies |
Introduced from Japan, South Korea, Invasive, NYIS: 45%[7], CP-3[8], CT-FL Perennial, Shrub |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Ligustrum (excluded taxa) | Privet | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Lour. 1790. Ligustrum sinense Lour. 1874. L. villosum May 1931. L. microcarpum Kaneh. & Sasaki |
Chinese privet, Small-leaf privet |
Introduced from China, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Potentially invasive, NYIS: NA[9] |
NYFA-U USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
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Subtribe OleinaeEdit
ChionanthusEdit
White fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus) is a usually-dioecious tree that is native to the southeastern US, possiibly as far north as southern Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but it has been reported to have naturalized in a few New York counties. It is becoming popular as a small ornamental tree in residential landscapes. There is some evidence that white fringetree in an acceptable host for the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).[1]
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Chionanthus | Fringetree | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Chionanthus virginica L. 1814. C. virginicus var. maritimus 1830. C. maritimus (Pursh) Sweet |
White fringetree, White fringe-tree, White fringe tree, American fringetree, Old-man's-beard |
Introduced from southeast US, N. America native, SNA, G5 FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Part shade |
NYFA: 6 counties | NYFA-X USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | |
Lindl. & Paxton 1852. Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton |
Tassel Tree
Chinese fringetree
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Introduced from temperate Asia, Cultivated[1] |
iNat: 3 counties | iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Family TetrachondraceaeEdit
The Tetrachondraceae is a very small family containing only two species of the genus Tetrachondra and a single species of the genus Polypremum. Of these three species, only Polypremum procumbens, juniper leaf, has been reported to have been collected in New York, but it has since been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.[1][2]
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PolypremumEdit
Juniper leaf appears to be native from southern New Jersey to Florida and Texas. It is not known to have naturalized in New York State.
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Polypremum (excluded taxa) | Juniper leaf | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Juniper leaf | N. America native southeastern US, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN iNaturalist BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Family PlantaginaceaeEdit
The Plantaginaceae (plantain family)[1][2]
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Tribe GratioleaeEdit
GratiolaEdit
Gratiola | Hedge-hyssop | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Torr. 1819. Gratiola neglecta Torr. |
Northern clammy hedge-hyssop, Clammy hedge-hyssop, American hedge-hyssop Gratiole négligée |
Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Annual, Herb-forb |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Muhl. 1811. Gratiola lutea Raf. 1813. Gratiola aurea Muhl. 1920. Gratiola aurea var. obtusa 1935. Gratiola lutea var. obtusa |
Golden hedge-hyssop, Golden hedgehyssop, Golden pert Gratiole dorée |
Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
L. Gratiola virginiana L. |
Virginia hedge hyssop
Roundfruit hedgehyssop
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Native, CoC: ?, Endangered OBL Annual-biennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies | ||
LeucosporaEdit
Leucospora | Leucospora | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(Michx.) Nutt. 1803. Capraria multifida Michx. 1825. Stemodia multifida (Michx.) Spreng. 1834. Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. 1844. Sutera multifida (Michx.) Walp. 1846. Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth. |
Narrow-leaved paleseed, Narrow-leaf paleseed, Obe-Wan-Conobea, Cliff conobea |
Introduced from southern Midwest, N. America native, Naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Tribe CheloneaeEdit
CheloneEdit
Turtleheads are all native to eastern North America, but only the white turtlehead is native to New York State. Although common in New York wetlands and listed as secure, it is also listed as exploitably vulnerable by the state.[1] |
Chelone | Turtlehead | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Chelone glabra L. 1840. Chlonanthes glabra (L.) Raf. 1929. Chelone chlorantha Pennell & Wherry |
White turtlehead, White turtle-head, Snakehead, Smooth balmony Galane glabre |
Native, CoC: 6, Secure, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - shade |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Pursh 1814. Chelone Lyonii Pursh |
Pink turtlehead | Introduced, US South native, No NY reports FACW Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-Excluded USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1767. Chelone obliqua L.
1935. Chelone obliqua ssp. typica (L.) Pennell nom. inval. |
Red turtlehead | Introduced, US South native, No NY reports OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-0 USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
PenstemonEdit
Penstemon or beardtongue is a large genus of about 250 species of primarily North American herbaceous perennials. The genus name was derived from the Greek penta (five) and stemon (stamen), referring to the flowers, which have five stamens (one sterile and four fertile).
Some Penstemon species have been hybridized and selected for horticultural trade. A popular example is Penstemon 'Dark Towers' (2004), which is a cross between an eastern U.S. cultivar: Penstemon digitalis Nutt. 'Husker Red' (Lindgren, 1984) and south-central U.S. hybrid pollen parent: Penstemon 'Prairie Splendor' (Penstemon cobaea Nutt. × Penstemon triflorus A.Heller) (Lindgren, 1993).[1] |
Penstemon subg. Penstemon sect. Penstemon | Beardtongue | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Willd. 1753. Chelone hirsuta L. (i) 1800. Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. (i) |
Hairy beardtongue, Hairy beard-tongue, Northeastern beard-tongue |
Native, CoC: 7, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
Small 1903. Penstemon pallidus Small 1922. P. arkansanus var. pubescens 1933. P. brevisepalus Pennell |
Pale beardtongue, Eastern white beardtongue Penstémon pâle |
Native, CoC: 10, Secure FACU-UPL |
NYFA-5 USDA-NX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Nutt. ex Sims Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims P. laevigatus ssp. digitalis P. laevigatus var. angulatus |
Foxglove beardtongue, Fox-glove beard-tongue, Talus-slope beard-tongue |
Introduced, US South native, Naturalized FAC |
NYFA-5 USDA-NX Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Small Penstemon calycosus Small P. laevigatus ssp. calycosus |
Longsepal beardtongue, Long-sepal beard-tongue |
Introduced, N. America native, Unk. naturalizaiton |
NYFA-X USDA-N0 Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Nutt. 1837. Penstemon tubaeflorus Nutt. (i) 1837. Penstemon tubiflorus Nutt. (i) 1949. P. tubaeflorus var. achoreus Fernald |
Funnel-form beardtongue, White-wand beardtongue, Tube beardtongue |
Introduced, N. America native |
NYFA-X USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
CollinsiaEdit
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Collinsia Nutt. (1817) | Blue-eyed-Mary | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Nutt. 1817. Collinsia verna Nutt. 1824. Collinsia bicolor Raf. |
Blue-eyed Mary, Spring blue-eyed Mary, Eastern blue-eyed Mary, Broad-leaved collinsia, Innocence Collinsie printanière |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports, DEC-A[1] FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb |
NYFA-Z USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN 0 iNaturalist ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | ||
Lindl. 1813. Antirrhinum tenellum Pursh nom. illeg.
1827. Collinsia parviflora Lindl.
1846. Collinsia parviflora var. parviflora {{{5}}}
1906. Collinsia tenella Piper nom. illeg. |
Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Maiden blue-eyed Mary
Few-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Blue-lips
Small blue-eyed Mary
Small-flowered collinsia Collinsie à petites fleurs
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Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-NN VASCAN 0 iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
Tribe AntirrhineaeEdit
Of the dozen or so species of Antirrhineae (snap-dragon tribe) known to grow in the wild in New York, only oldfield toadflax is considered to be native to the state.
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NuttallanthusEdit
The genus Nuttallanthus contains a small number of American toad-flaxes, which are still often included in the much larger Linaria genus.
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Nuttallanthus | Toadflax | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) D.A.Sutton 1753. Antirrhinum canadense L.
1802. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dum. Cours.
1988. Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton |
Old-field toadflax, Canada toadflax, Blue toadflax, Field toadflax Linaire du Canada |
Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure Biennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | ||
LinariaEdit
Linaria (toadflax) has also been placed in the Scrophulariaceae (figwort family). Note that the New York Flora Atlas includes the native Nuttallanthus canadensis (blue toadflax, above) in Linaria.
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Linaria | Toadflax | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Mill. Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. |
Butter-and-eggs, Yellow toadflax, Flax-weed, Wild snapdragon, Eggs-and-bacon |
Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Refs.[1][2] |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
(L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica L. genistifolia ssp. dalmatica Antirrhinum dalmaticum L. |
Balkan toadflax, Dalmatian toadflax |
Introduced from Mediterranean, Very highly invasive, Refs.[3][4][5], Invasive.org |
NYFA: 3 counties | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
Hook. f. |
Moroccan toadflax, Morocco toadflax |
Introduced from Mediterranean, Impersistent, Not naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb |
NYFA: 2 counties | NYFA-Xm USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Mill. ssp. genistifolia 1753. Antirrhinum genistifolium L. 1768. Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. |
Broom-leaved toad-flax | Introduced from Eurasia, Not naturalized |
NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
(L.) Mill. Linaria repens (L.) Mill. Linaria striata DC. |
Pale toad-flax, Striped toadflax |
Introduced, Not naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
(L.) Chaz. ssp. supina Linaria repens (L.) Mill. Linaria striata DC. |
Prostrate toad flax, Lesser butter and eggs |
Introduced, Not naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies | ||
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ChaenorhinumEdit
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Chaenorhinum | Dwarf-snapdragon | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Lange Linaria minus (L.) Desf.
Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange |
Dwarf snapdragon
Small toadflax
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Introduced from continental Europe, Potentially invasive, IPA-US, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
CymbalariaEdit
The genus Cymbalaria
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Cymbalaria | Cymbalaria | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Gaertn., Meyer & Sherb. Linaria cymbalaria |
Kenilworth ivy | Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Wettst. |
White coliseum-ivy, Italian toadflax |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-00 Images Wikispecies | ||
KickxiaEdit
The genus Kickxia contains species known as cancerwort or fluellin.
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Kickxia | Cancerwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Dumort. 1753. Antirrhinum elatine L.
1768. Linaria elatine (L.) Mill.
1827. Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort.
1840. Tursitis elatine (L.) Raf.
1891. Elatinoides elatine (L.) Wettst.
1891. Anarrhinum elatum (L.) Kuntze |
Sharp-pointed fluellin
Sharp-leaved fluellen
Sharp-point toadflax
|
Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalzed |
NYFA: 3 counties iNat: 2 counties |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF WFO Kew POWO Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
(L.) Dumort. 1753. Antirrhinum spurium L.
1768. Linaria spuria (L.) Mill.
1800. Cymbalaria spuria (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.
1827. Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort.
1891. Elatinoides spuria (L.) Wettst. |
Round-leaved fluellin
Round-leaved cancerwort
Female fluellin
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Introduced | NYFA: Queens (1879) iNat: No NY observations |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF WFO Kew POWO Images Wikispecies | |
AntirrhinumEdit
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Antirrhinum | Snapdragon | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Garden snapdragon | Introduced, Not naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | |||
MisopatesEdit
Misopates | Snapdragon | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Raf. Antirrhinum orontium L. |
Lesser snapdragon | Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA-Xm USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Tribe CallitricheaeEdit
CallitricheEdit
The Callitriche found in New York are aquatic plants known as water-starworts.
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Callitriche | Water-starwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Pursh ssp. heterophylla Callitriche anceps Fernald |
Diverseleaf water-starwort, Twoheaded water-starwort |
Native, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. Callitriche verna L. |
Vernal water-starwort | Native, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Raf. Callitriche austinii Engelm. Callitriche deflexa A.Braun |
Terrestrial water-starwort | Native, Threatened, DEC-B[1] |
NYFA-2-3 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Autumnal water-starwort, Northern water-starwort |
Native, Endangered, DEC-A[2] |
NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Scop. |
Pond water-starwort | Introduced, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 49%[3], iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [3], GRIIS-US: Invasive, Naturalized, SNA, NSE: Exotic OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
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HippurisEdit
Hippuris | Mare's-tail | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1953. Hippuris vulgaris L. |
Common mare's-tail Hippuride vulgaire, Queue de cheval, Pesse vulgaire |
Native, Endangered, DEC-A[1] |
NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
Tribe DigitalideaeEdit
DigitalisEdit
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Digitalis sect. Digitalis | Foxglove | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Digitalis purpurea L. |
Purple foxglove, Common foxglove, Digitalis, Fairy cap Digitale pourpre, Grande digitale |
Introduced from Europe, Morocco, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 53%[1], Naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Digitalis sect. Globiflorae | Foxglove | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Ehrh. 1792. Digitalis lanata Ehrh. |
Grecian foxglove, Woolly foxglove, Woolly digitalis Digitale laineuse |
Introduced from Europe, Turkey, Somewhat invasive, NYIS: 37%[2], Unknown naturalization |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Digitalis sect. Macranthae | Foxglove | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Mill. 1773. Digitalis ochroleuca Jacq.
1768. Digitalis grandiflora Mill.
1768. Digitalis magniflora Mill.
1768. Digitalis orientalis Mill.
1770. Digitalis ambigua Murray
1775. Digitalis flava Georgi
1782. Digitalis lutea-majar Gilib.
1825. Digitalis ambigua var. grandiflora Wender.
1838. Digitalis milleri G.Don |
Yellow foxglove, Large yellow foxglove Digitale à grandes fleurs |
Introduced from Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS Tier: 2, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [4], Naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF WFO Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. Digitalis lutea L.
1773. Digitalis parviflora All.
1907. Digitalis ornata Porta ex Huter |
Straw foxglove, Small yellow foxglove Digitale jaune, Digitale à petites fleurs, Petite digitale |
Introduced from Europe, Not naturalized |
NYFA: 4 counties iNat: 4 counties |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | |
Tribe VeroniceaeEdit
VeronicaEdit
Veronica subg. VeronicaEdit
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Veronica subg. Veronica | Speedwell | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Marsh speedwell, Skullcap speedwell |
Native, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. Veronica officinalis L.
1862. Veronica officinalis L. tournefortii |
Common speedwell, Gypsy-weed, Common gypsy-weed |
Introduced from Eurasia, Macaronesia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 52%[1], iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [5], Naturalized, SNA, NSE: SNR G5 FACU Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF WFO Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
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Veronica subg. BeccabungaEdit
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Veronica subg. Beccabunga | Speedwell | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Schwein. ex Benth. 1846 |
American speedwell, American brooklime |
Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. ssp. peregrina |
Purslane speedwell
Neckweed
|
Native, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. ssp. xalapensis Veronica xalapensis Kunth
Veronica sherwoodii M.Peck
|
Bird's-eye Speedwell
Glandular speedwell
Hairy purslane speedwell
Neckweed
|
Native, Vulnerable |
NYFA-3 USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Pennell 1921. Veronica catenata Pennell Veronica comosa Richt. Veronica connata Raf. Veronica salina Schur. misapplied auct. V. anagallis-aquatica |
Chained speedwell, Pink water speedwell, Water speedwell, Pennell's speedwell |
Native, CoC: 10, Vulnerable |
NYFA-3-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
L. ssp. humifusa (Dicks.) Vahl Veronica tenella All.
Veronica humifusa Dicks. |
Bright blue speedwell | Native, Likely extirpated |
NYFA-X USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. ssp. serpyllifolia |
Thyme-leaved speedwell | Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. V. anagallis-aquatica L. V. brittonii Porter ex Pennell V. glandifera Pennell auct. V. catenata |
Water speedwell, Blue speedwell, Water pimpernel, Brook pimpernel, Blue water speedwell Mouron d'eau |
Introduced | NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Brooklime, European speedwell |
Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 62%[1] |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Veronica subg. ChamaedrysEdit
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Veronica subg. Chamaedrys | Speedwell | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Corn speedwell | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: 5, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Germander speedwell | Introduced, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: 3, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Spring speedwell | Introduced, Naturalized, USGS: L48 established |
NYFA: 2 counties iNat: Lewis (1994) |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF Images Wikispecies | |
Crantz |
Dillen's speedwell | Introduced, Not naturalized, USGS: L48 established |
NYFA-X USDA-X0 GBIF Images Wikispecies | ||
Veronica subg. CochlidiospermaEdit
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Veronica subg. Cochlidiosperma | Speedwell | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Veronica hederifolia L.
1839. Cochlidiosperma hederifolium (L.) Opiz
1869. Pocilla hederifolia (L.) Fourr. |
Ivy-leaved speedwell
|
Introduced from Eurasia,, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: 7, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized, SNA, GNR, NSE: Exotic Annual, Herb-forb, 2n=56 |
NYFA: 8 counties iNat: 9 counties |
NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF WFO Kew POWO Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
M.A.Fisch. 1830. Veronica hederifolia var. lucorum Klett & Richt.
1966. Veronica hederifolia ssp. lucorum (Klett & Richt.) Hartl
1967. Veronica sublobata M.A.Fisch. |
Pink ivy-leaved speedwell
False ivy-leaved speedwell
|
Introduced | NYFA: Not listed iNat: 8? counties |
GBIF Kew POWO iNaturalist ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies | |
Veronica subg. OrientalesEdit
Veronica subg. Orientales | Speedwell | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. ssp. teucrium (L.) D.A. Webb 1762. Veronica teucrium L.
1939. V. krylovii Schischk.
1972. V. austriaca ssp. teucrium (L.) D.A. Webb |
Broad-leaved speedwell
Broadleaf speedwell
Large speedwell
|
Introduced from Eurasia, Unkown naturalization |
NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Veronica subg. PocillaEdit
Veronica subg. Pocilla | Speedwell | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. |
Field speedwell, Green field speedwell |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. Pocilla biloba (L.) W.A. Weber |
Two-lobe speedwell | Introduced, Rare |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Sm. |
Slender speedwell | Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Poir. Pocilla persica |
Bird-eye speedwell | Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Fries Pocilla polita (Fr.) Fourr. Veronica didyma Ten. p.p. |
Wayside speedwell | Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Veronica subg. PseudolysimachionEdit
Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachion | Speedwell | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Veronica longifolia L. 1852. Pseudolysimachion longifolium (L.) Opiz |
Longleaf speedwell, Long-leaf speedwell, Long-leaved speedwell, Garden speedwell |
Introduced, Eurasia native |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. Veronica spicata L.
1769. Veronica orchidea Crantz
1817. Veronica barrelieri Schult.
1852. Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz
1950. Veronica hololeuca Juz. |
Spike speedwell | Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Heuff. 1821. Veronica grandis Fisch. ex Spreng. misapplied
1835. Veronica bachofenii Heuff.
1967. Pseudolysimachion bachofenii |
Heartleaf speedwell, Heart-leaved speedwell |
Introduced from eastern Europe, Impersistent, Not naturalized |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
VeronicastrumEdit
Culver's root (Veronicastrum virginicum) is the only species of Veronicastrum (false Veronica) reported in New York. It is listed a threatened (S2) in the state, but is widely planted.
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Veronicastrum | Veronicastrum | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
(L.) Farw. 1753. Veronica virginica L. 1818. Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt. 1917. Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. |
Culver's root, Blackroot, Bowman's root, Tall speedwell |
Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, S2, G4, NYNHP: 2[1] FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - part shade |
NYFA-2 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies | ||
Tribe PlantagineaeEdit
Littorella Edit
Littorella | Shore grass | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Fernald 1753. Plantago uniflora L. 1859. Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. 1918. Littorella americana Fernald 1952. Littorella uniflora var. americana Gleason 1996. Plantago americana Rahn |
American shore-grass, American shore plantain, American shore weed |
Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports, SH, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies Note: [1] | ||
PlantagoEdit
Plantago subg. PlantagoEdit
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Plantago subg. Plantago | Plantain | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Rugel’s plantain
Blackseed plantain
Black-seeded plantain
American plantain |
Native, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NX Go Botany iNaturalist Images Wikispecies | |||
L. |
Virginia plantain, Pale-seeded plantain, Hoary plantain |
Native, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Lam. 1792. Plantago cordata Lam. |
Heart-leaved plantain, Heartleaf plantain, Kingroot |
Native, Rare OBL Perennial, Herb-forb |
NYFA-3 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Dwarf plantain | Introduced, N. America native |
USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies | |||
Nutt. |
Slender plantain | Introduced, N. America native |
NYFA-X USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Common plantain, Nipple-seeded plantain |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Lamb's tongue plantain
Hoary plantain Plantain moyen
Plantain bâtard
|
Introduced from Eurasia |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Plantago subg. Plantago (excluded taxa) | Plantain | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Torr. |
Redwool plantain | Introduced, N.Y. excluded |
NYFA-Excluded USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Plantago subg. CoronopusEdit
Plantago | Plantain | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. var. juncoides Plantago juncoides Lam. Plantago maritima ssp. borealis Plantago oliganthos |
Seaside plantain | Native, Threatened |
NYFA-2-3 USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
Buckhorn plantain | Introduced, Rare |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Images Wikispecies | ||
Plantago subg. Psyllium s.lEdit
This subgenus combines subg. Psyllium s.s and subg. Albicans, which have been found to be polyphyletic when treated separately.
Plantago | Plantain | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Michx. |
Largebracted plantain, Rat-tail plantain, Western ripplegrass |
Introduced, N. America native |
NYFA-X USDA-NX Images Wikispecies | ||
Jacq. |
Woolly plantain | Introduced, N. America native |
NYFA-X USDA-NN Images Wikispecies | ||
L. |
English plantain, Narrowleaf plantain, Narrow-leaved plantain |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
Waldst. & Kit. 1753. Plantago psyllium L., nom. utique rej.
1759. Plantago indica L., nom. utique rej.
1794. Plantago scabra Moench
1801. Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. |
Flaxseed plantain
Sand plantain |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
Family ScrophulariaceaeEdit
The Scrophulariaceae (figwort Family) ...[1][2]
Tribe ScrophularieaeEdit
ScrophulariaEdit
Scrophularia | Figwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Pursh 1813 |
Hare figwort, Lanceleaf figwort, American figwort |
Native, Secure |
NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753 |
Carpenter's square, Figwort, Eastern figwort, Maryland figwort |
Native, Likely secure |
NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753 |
Woodland figwort, Common figwort, Figwort |
Introduced, Eurasia native |
NYFA-X USDA-NX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753 S. aquatica auct. |
Shoreline figwort, Water betony, Water figwort |
Introduced, Impersistent |
NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
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VerbascumEdit
Verbascum | Mullein | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
L. 1753. Verbascum blattaria L. |
Moth mullein, White moth mullein |
Introduced, Eurasia native, N. Africa native |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753 1753. Verbascum thapsus L. |
Common mullein, Great mullein Molène, Bouillon blanc |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. Verbascum lychnitis L. |
White mullein | Introduced, Eurasia native |
NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
K.Koch Verbascum lychnitis × Verbascum thapsus 1837. Verbascum spurium K.Koch |
Mullein | Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753 1753. Verbascum phlomoides L. |
Orange mullein, Clasping-leaved mullein |
Introduced, Eurasia native |
NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. Verbascum phoeniceum L. 1753. Verbascum phoenicium L. |
Purple mullein | Introduced, Eurasia native |
NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
L. 1753. Verbascum sinuatum L. |
Wavyleaf mullein, Wavy-leaved mullein, Black-leaved mullein, Scallop-leaved mullein |
Introduced | NYFA-X USDA-X0 ITIS Images Wikispecies | ||
Tribe LimoselleaeEdit
LimosellaEdit
|
Limosella | Mudwort | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
R. Br. 1804. Limosella tenuifolia J.P.Wolff
1806. Limosella aquatica ssp. tenuifolia (J.P.Wolff) Pers.
1810. Limosella australis R.Br.
1817. Limosella subulata E.Ives
1905. Limosella aquatica var. tenuifolia (J.P.Wolff) Hook.f. |
Atlantic mudwort
Welsh mudwort
Delta Mudwort Limosella à feuilles subulées
|
Native, CoC: 10, Rare, Vulnerable, S2, G4-5 OBL Annual, Herb-forb |
NYFA-3 USDA-NN iNaturalist ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies | ||
Tribe BuddlejeaeEdit
BuddlejaEdit
One species of Butterfly bush, Buddleja davidii has escaped cultivation and become invasive in New York State. It has been widely planted to attract butterflies and birds, but it has been found to be invasive in many temperate locations outside of its native range in China. Butterfly-bush should not be confused with butterfly-weed (Asclepias tuberosa), which is a native milkweed.
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Buddleja | Butterflybush | N.Y. Status | Images | Distribution | NY NPT |
Franch. 1888. Buddleja davidii Franch. |
Orange-eyed butterfly-bush, Orange-eye butterfly-bush, Orange eye butterflybush, Butterfly bush, Orange eye, Summer lilac Arbre aux papillons, Lilas d'été |
Introduced from China, Invasive, NYIS: 45%[1] FACU Perennial, Shrub |
NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies | ||
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