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New York Carex Species Index ⇗

New York Carex cladogram ⇗

Carex

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The genus Carex is represented by more than 200 species in New York. Of these, all but about a dozen species are native to New York State.[1] Of the non-native taxa, the two species of Asiatic sand sedge, included here in Carex sect. Macrocephalae, are considered to be potentially invasive.[2] Only one of these, Carex kobomugi, has been reported in New York (a single population in 2013), but both have been reported in nearby states.

Here, the genus was previously organized by sections, using the modified version of Kenneth Kent Mackenzie’s system used in the Flora of North America (FNA).[3][4]

This page was later re-organized somewhat based on the intermediate framework recommended by the Global Carex Group (GCG)(2021).[5]

Where practicable, the traditional (FNA) sections were left intact within any larger clades into which their members were placed by GCG.

New York Natural Heritage Program Rare Plant Status Lists.[6]

  1. ↑ Weldy, Troy, David Werier, and Andrew Nelson. 2013 New York Flora Atlas. (S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell, original application development, Florida Center for Community Design and Research. University of South Florida). New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
  2. ↑ The New York Invasive Species Clearinghouse, Cornell cooperative extension invasive species program.
  3. ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 23: 26. Carex
  4. ↑ Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek, Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 23: 26 Carex. New York and Oxford. Accessed 1/21/2024
  5. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  6. ↑ Richard M. Ring (2023). New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program. State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Albany, NY. December 2023

Carex subg. Euthyceras

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III. Carex subg. Euthyceras Peterm., Deutschl. Fl. 602. 1849.[1]

Type species: Carex microglochin Wahlenb.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Tamara Villaverde, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, Marcia J Waterway, Sangtae Kim, Bora Lee, Mario Rincón-Barrado, Marlene Hahn, Enrique Maguilla, Eric H Roalson, Andrew L Hipp, THE GLOBAL CAREX GROUP , A new classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) subgenera supported by a HybSeq backbone phylogenetic tree, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 194, Issue 2, October 2020, Pages 141–163

Subg. Euthyceras > Rara Clade >> sect. Leptocephalae

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Carex leptalea
III.B.1. Rara Clade contains traditional sections Rarae (23/23), Rhizopodae (3/3), Leptocephalae (1/1). Of the 27 or so species in the resulting clade, only Carex leptalea is native to North America. The rest are Asian or Australasian species.[1]

The traditional Carex section Leptocephalae contains the single species Carex leptalea which is found in North America and the Caribbean Basin.[2]

iNaturalist currently treats the Rara Clade as Complex Carex leptalea (Carex Rara Clade).[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Leptocephalae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Complex Carex leptalea (Carex Rara Clade) at iNaturalist 1/24/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Euthyceras sect. Leptocephalae
Genus Carex subg. Euthyceras sect. Leptocephalae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Wahlenb.
 ssp. leptalea

1803. Carex microstachya Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:169
1803. Carex leptalea Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:139
1805. Carex polytrichoides Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 213
1840. Carex hochstetteri Frank ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:291
1979. Carex leptalea var. tayloris B.Boivin in Phytologia 43:67

Bristle-stalked sedge
Bristly-stalked sedge
Bristlystalked sedge
Flaccid sedge
Carex à tiges grêles 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 50, 52 		 
NYFA: 48 counties
iNat: 19 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNAFNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies

Subg. Euthyceras > Capitata Clade

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Carex microglochin
III.B.2. Capitata Clade contains all or parts of traditional sections Capituligerae (6/6), Leucoglochin (1/5), Petraeae (2/3), Nardinae (1/1), Obtusatae (1/1).

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Capituligerae contains about six species worldwide, with Carex arctogena and Carex capitata found in North America.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Leucoglochin contains about five species worldwide, with Carex microglochin and Carex pauciflora found in North America.[2]

The Global Carex Group (2021) placed Carex microglochin with sect. Capituligerae and a few other species in subg. Euthyceras clade Capitata (III.B.3)[3]

iNaturalist currently treats subg. Euthyceras clade Capitata (III.B.2) as Complex Carex capitata (Carex capitata Clade).[4]

None of the sedges in this clade have been reported in New York, but a few have been reported from New England and eastern Canada. They are included here as placeholder representatives of the calde.

  1. ↑ David F. Murray (2020). Carex sect. Capituligerae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  2. ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Leucoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  4. ↑ Complex Carex capitata (Carex Capitata Clade) at iNaturalist 1/26/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Euthyceras — clade Capitata
Genus Carex fna-sect. Capituligerae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Sol

1759. Carex capitata Sol. in C.Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2:1261
1840. Diemisa capitata (Sol.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1849. Carex capitata f. alpicola Andersson in Nya Bot. Not. 1849:2
1866. Psyllophora capitata (Sol.) Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 697
1979. Vignea capitata (Sol.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:195 (1980)

Capitate Sedge
Carex capité 		N. America native,
Not listed in NY
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 50 		 
NYFA: Not listed
iNat: No NY observations
GBIF: none in NY
USDA-NNNN
POWO
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Harry Sm.

1940. Carex arctogena Harry Sm. in Acta Phytogeogr. Suec. 13:193
1944. Carex capitata ssp. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Hiitonen in Luonnon Tutkija 48:55
1949. Carex capitata f. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Raymond in Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ.
1958. Carex capitata var. arctogena (Harry Sm.) Hultén in Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.
1954. Carex antarctogena Roiv. in Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. "Vanamo"

Tufted black sedge
Capitate sedge
Black sedge
Carex arctogène 		N. America native,
Not listed in NY
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: Not listed
iNat: No NY obserations
USDA-NN
POWO
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Carex fna-sect. Leucoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Wahlenb.
 ssp. microglochin

1803. Carex microglochin Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 140
1813. Carex pauciflora var. microglochin (Wahlenb.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck
1826. Uncinia microglochin (Wahlenb.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:830
1889. Caricinella microglochin (Wahlenb.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2:880

Fewseeded bog sedge
Bristle sedge
Carex à petite arête 		N. America native,
Not listed in NY
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 50 		 
NYFA: Not listed
iNat: No NY observations
GBIF: Ontario County
USDA-NNNN
POWO
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Carex fna-sect. Nardinae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Hornem.) Fr.
 var. nardina

1827. Kobresia nardina Hornem. in Nomencl. Fl. Danic.: 74
1839. Carex nardina (Hornem.) Fr. in Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2:55
1841. Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer in Naturhist. Tidsskr. 3:438, nom. superfl.
1882. Carex chordorrhiza ssp. gynocrates Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.:782
1902. Carex dioica var. gynocrates (Nyman) Ostenf. in Fl. Arct.:60
1939. Kobresia arctica N.A.Ivanova in Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 24:490
1943. Carex elyniformis A.E.Porsild in Sargentia 4:17
1962. Carex dioica ssp. gynocrates (Nyman) Hultén in Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.
1979. Vignea gynocrates (Nyman) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír., nom. superfl.
1979. Vignea nardina (Hornem) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír.

Spike sedge
Nard Sedge
Carex à odeur de nard 		N. America native
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 68, 70 		 
iNat: No NY observations
GBIF: Erie County
USDA-NN
POWO
FNA
Images
Wikispecies

Subg. Euthyceras > Pauciflora Clade >> sect. Leucoglochin

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Carex pauciflora
III.B.3. Pauciflora Clade contains all or parts of traditional sections Circinatae (6/6), Dornera (4/4), Inflatae (3/3), Leucoglochin (1/5).

The traditional Carex section Leucoglochin contains about five species worldwide, with Carex microglochin and Carex pauciflora found in North America.[1]

III.B.3. Pauciflora Clade contains Carex pauciflora (the type species of sect. Leucoglochin). The other North American sedge from this section (C. microglochin) was placed in III.B.2. Capitata Clade above.[2]

iNaturalist currently treats subg. Euthyceras clade Pauciflora (III.B.3) as Complex Carex pauciflora (Carex Pauciflora Clade).[3]

  1. ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Leucoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  2. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  3. ↑ Complex Carex pauciflora (Carex Pauciflora Clade) at iNaturalist 1/26/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Euthyceras — clade Pauciflora
Genus Carex subg. Euthyceras sect. Leucoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Lightf.

1777. Carex pauciflora Lightf. in Fl. Scot. 2:543
1778. Carex patula Huds. in Fl. Angl., ed. 2:402, nom. illeg.
1782. Carex leucoglochin L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 413
1821. Trasus pauciflorus (Lightf.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 56 (publ. 1822)
1840. Anithista patula Raf. in Good Book: 26
1844. Leucoglochin pauciflorus (Lightf.) Heuff. in Flora 27:528

Few-flowered sedge
Fewflower sedge
Few-flowered bog sedge
Star sedge
Carex pauciflore, Laîche pauciflore 		Native, CoC: 10,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 9,
2n = ~74, 76 		 
NYFA: 25 counties
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
COL
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies

Carex subg. Uncinia

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IV. Carex subg. Uncinia (Pers.) Peterm., Deutschl. Fl. 602. 1849.[1]

Type species: Uncinia australis Persoon, nom. illeg. (Carex uncinata L.f.) (designated by Pfeiffer, 1874–1875, Nomenclator Botanicus 2 (2): 1529).[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Tamara Villaverde, Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, Marcia J Waterway, Sangtae Kim, Bora Lee, Mario Rincón-Barrado, Marlene Hahn, Enrique Maguilla, Eric H Roalson, Andrew L Hipp, THE GLOBAL CAREX GROUP , A new classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) subgenera supported by a HybSeq backbone phylogenetic tree, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 194, Issue 2, October 2020, Pages 141–163

Subg. Uncinia > sect. Phyllostachyae

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Carex backii
IV.D. Carex sect. Phyllostachyae Tuck. ex Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 642. 1909.

Sect. Phyllostachyae contains all of traditional (FNA) sect. Phyllostachyae (10/10). The Global Carex Group found strong support for this section being monophyletic.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Phyllostachyae contains about ten North American species,[2] three of which have been found in New York State.

iNaturalist currently treats subg. Uncinia sect. Phyllostachyae (IV.D) as Section Phyllostachyae (Carex Sect. Phyllostachyae).[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ William J. Crins, Robert F. C. Naczi, A. A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford (2024). Carex sect. Phyllostachyae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Section Phyllostachyae (Carex Sect. Phyllostachyae) at iNaturalist 1/29/2024
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Uncinia sect. Phyllostachyae
Genus Carex sect. Phyllostachyae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schkuhr ex Willd.

1805. Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:211

Willdenow's sedge
Carex de Willdenow 		Native, CoC: 7,
Rare,
DEC-C[1],
S4
UPL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 3,
2n = 62, 78 		 
NYFA: 13 counties
iNat: 4 counties
USDA-NN
COL
POWO
FSUS
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Boott

1839. Carex backii Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:210
1893. Carex durifolia L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:428

Back's sedge
Rocky Mountain sedge
Carex de Back 		Native, CoC: 8,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2],
NYNHP-3[3],
S3, G4
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 66 		 
NYFA: 12 counties
iNat: 4 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNAFNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 Schwein.

1824. Carex jamesii Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 1:67
1837. Carex steudelii Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:480
1837. Carex disperma Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:480, nom. illeg.
1905. Carex austromontana Parish in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:108
1905. Carex jacintoensis Parish in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4:110
1909. Carex jamesii var. austromontana (Parish) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler
1913 . Dapedostachys steudelii (Kunth) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's Bot.

James’ sedge
James’s sedge
Grass sedge
Carex de James 		Native, CoC: 7,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2],
NYNHP-2-3[4],
S2-S3, G5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 2,
2N = 66, 70 		 
NYFA: 7 counties
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Catling, Reznicek, & Crins

1993. Carex juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, & Crins in Syst. Bot. 18:497

Juniper sedge
Cedar sedge
Carex des genévriers 		N. America native,
Unreported,
Endangered in Ontario[5]
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7 		 
NYFA: Not listed
iNat: No NY observations
GBIF: none in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
VASCAN
ITIS
FNAFNA
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare.
  2. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex backii. Threatened, S3/G4.
  4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex jamesii. Threatened, S2-S3/G5.
  5. ↑ Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Species and Risk: Juniper Sedge (Carex juniperorum) Endangered.

Carex subg. Vignea

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V. Carex subg. Vignea (P.Beauv. ex T.Lestib.) Heer, Mitth. in Geb. Theor. Erdk. 1: 426. 1836.

Most of the sedges of subgenus Vignea have dense spike-like inflorescences with sessile bisexual spikes. Their flowers are almost always distigmatic.[1]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

Subg. Vignea > Echinata Clade >> sect. Stellulatae

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Carex echinata
V.C.1. Echinata Clade contains the traditional section Stellulatae (11/11) along with Eurasian species C. elongata and C. foetida.[1]

The traditional Carex (FNA) section Stellulatae contains about 15 taxa worldwide, eight of which are found in North America.[2]

Sedges in section Stellulatae are found in wetlands and have flattened, beaked perigynia with sharp edges that often point outward at maturity, creating star-like pattern.[3]

iNaturalist places this group in Complex Carex elongata (Carex Echinata Clade) as of 2/12/2024.

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Stellulatae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 205.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea — clade Echinata
Genus Carex fna-sect. Stellulatae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Murray
 ssp. echinata

1762. Carex muricata Huds. in Fl. Angl.: 349 (1762), sensu auct.
1770. Carex echinata Murray in Prodr. Stirp. Gott.: 76
1775. Carex muricata Leers in Fl. Herborn.: 200, t. 14, f. 8, sensu auct.
1787. Carex leersii Willd. in Fl. Berol. Prodr.: 28, nom. rej.
1794. Carex stellulata Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 144
1830. Vignea stellulata (Gooden.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk.
1869. Vignea echinata (Murray) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 176
1889. Caricina stellulata (Gooden.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 870
1917. Carex angustior Mack. in P.A.Rydberg, Fl. Rocky Mts.: 124

Star sedge
Little prickly sedge 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7,
2n = 58 		 
NYFA: 49 counties
iNat: 14 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 L.H.Bailey

1805. Carex scirpoides Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 237, nom. illeg.
1830. Vignea scirpoides Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2. 3: 1611
1837. Carex stellulata var. scirpoides (Rchb.) Darl. in Fl. Cestr.: 31
1873. Carex interior L.H.Bailey nom. cons. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 426
1939. Carex interior ssp. charlestonensis Clokey in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 38:1
1941. Carex interior var. keweenawensis F.J.Herm. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 25:19
1942. Carex interior f. keweenawensis (F.J.Herm.) Fernald in Rhodora 44:284


Inland sedge
Inland star sedge
Prairie star sedge
Carex continental 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: 45 counties
iNat: 12 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 L.H. Bailey
 ssp. atlantica

1860. Carex stellulata var. conferta Chapm. in Fl. South. U.S.: 534
1884. Carex echinata var. conferta (Chapm.) L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2
1893. Carex atlantica L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 425
1908. Carex incomperta E.P. Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 494
1965. Carex atlantica var. incomperta (E.P.Bicknell) F.J.Herm. in Rhodora 67:362

Wide-leaved prickly bog sedge
Prickly bog sedge
Atlantic sedge 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7 		 
NYFA: 33 counties
iNat: 4 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 L.H. Bailey
ssp. capillacea (L.H. Bailey) Reznicek

1893. Carex interior var. capillacea L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:426
1908. Carex delicatula E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 495, nom. illeg.
1908. Carex scirpoides var. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Fernald in Rhodora 10:47
1909. Carex stellulata f. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.)
1910. Carex howei Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:245
1931. Carex mohriana Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18:106
1980. Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Reznicek in Contr. Univ.
1991. Carex atlantica var. capillacea (L.H.Bailey) Cronquist in Gleason & ...

Narrow-leaved prickly bog sedge
Howe's sedge
Atlantic sedge
Eastern sedge
Carex à feuilles capillaires
Carex atlantique 		Native, CoC: 8,
Vulnerable,
SNR, G5-T5?
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7 		 
NYFA: 18 counties
iNat: Nassau (2023)
GBIF
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
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 Dewey

1828. Carex exilis Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 14:351, plate Q, figs. 53,54.
1828. Carex exilis var. squamacea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 14:351
1840. Vignea exilis (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1861. Carex exilis var. androgyna Dewey ex Alph.Wood in Class-book Bot.: 750

Meager sedge
Meagre sedge
Coast sedge
Coastal sedge
Coastal star sedge
Starved sedge
Carex maigre 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: 16 counties
iNat: 5 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
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 Howe

1896. Carex seorsa Howe in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. N.Y.S. Mus. 48: 138
           in H. C. Gordinier and E. C. Howe, Fl. Rensselaer County N.Y., 39. 1894.

Weak stellate sedge
Swamp star sedge
Carex à épis disjoints 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 3 		 
NYFA: 19 counties
iNat: 6 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
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 Willd.

1805. Carex sterilis Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:208
1848. Carex stellulata var. sterilis (Willd.) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual: 544
1902. Carex elachycarpa Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37: 492
1903. Kobresia elachycarpa (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 5: 251
1950. Carex sterilis var. rousseauiana Raymond in Naturaliste Canad. 77:62
1952. Carex muricata var. sterilis (Willd.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22

Dioecious sedge
Sterile sedge
Fen star sedge
Carex stérile 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure,
S4, G4
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: 18 counties
iNat: Genesee (1988)
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
Images
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 Mackz.

1931. Carex wiegandii Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18: 108

Wiegand's sedge
Carex de Wiegand 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP-1[2],
S1, G3
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: Franklin, Lewis
iNat: No NY observations
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex wiegandii. Endangered, S1/G4.

Subg. Vignea > sect. Glareosae

edit
 
Carex canescens ssp. canescens
V.C.2 Carex sect. Glareosae contains the entire traditional Carex sect. Glareosae (28/28).[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Glareosae contains about 28 species worldwide, 16 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2][3]

The circumboreal Carex sect. Glareosae is monophyletic but convergent evolution complicates differentiation using morphological characters.[4]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Heikki Toivonen (2020). Carex sect. Glareosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Carex sect. Glareosae (Heleonastes), Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
  4. ↑ Enrique Maguilla, Marcial Escudero, Marcia J. Waterway, Andrew L. Hipp, Modesto Luceño (2015), Phylogeny, systematics, and trait evolution of Carex section Glareosae. American Journal of Botany, 102: 1128-1144.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Glareosae
Genus Carex sect. Glareosae "arcta" group Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pers.) Poir.

1807. Carex curta var. brunnescens Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2:539
1813. Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3:286
1837. Carex canescens var. brunnescens (Pers.) W.D.J.Koch in Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.
1840. Facolos brunnescens (Pers.) Raf. in Good Book: 26
1902. Carex canescens ssp. brunnescens (Pers.) Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.
1909. Carex brunnescens var. sphaerostachya (Tuck.) Kük.
1912. Carex canescens proles brunnescens (Pers.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud,
1965. Carex brunnescens ssp. sphaerostachya (Tuck.) Kalela
1980. Vignea brunnescens (Pers.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:194

Brownish sedge
Brown sedge
Carex brunâtre 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 56 		 
NYFA: 41 counties
iNat: 4 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 Boott

1851. Carex canescens var. polystachya Boott in J.Richardson, Arct. Search. Exped.
1867. Carex arcta Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 4:155
1872. Carex kunzei Olney ex A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8:406
1889. Carex canescens var. oregana L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 75
1909. Carex heleonastes var. scabriuscula Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV
1979. Carex arcta var. oregana (L.H.Bailey) B.Boivin in Phytologia 43: 49

Northern clustered sedge
Northern cluster sedge
Bear sedge
Clustered sedge
Narrow sedge
Carex dru 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
S1, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 4,
2n = 60 		 
NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: Franklin, St. Lawrence
USDA-NN
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  Carex arcta ×
  Carex brunnescens
 Hybrid of
  Northern clustered sedge &
  Brownish sedge 		Native,
Hybrid,
SNA, GNA
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: Franklin 2021
Images
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Genus Carex sect. Glareosae "canescens" group Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 ssp. canescens

1753. Carex canescens L. in Sp. Pl.: 974
1762. Carex brizoides Huds. in Fl. Angl.: 349, nom. illeg.
1777. Carex cinerea Pollich in Hist. Pl. Palat. 2:571
1791. Carex tenella Ehrh. in Beitr. Naturk. Verw. Wiss. 6:83, nom. illeg.
1830. Vignea canescens (L.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2
1889. Caricina canescens (L.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2:877

Typical hoary sedge
Hoary sedge
Silvery sedge
Carex blanchâtre 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7,
2n = 56 		 
NYFA: 48 counties
iNat: 10 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 ssp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen

1902. Carex canescens var. disjuncta Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:488
1908. Carex disjuncta (Fernald) E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 495
1981. Carex canescens ssp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen in Ann. Bot. Fenn.

Silvery sedge
Hoary sedge
Disjunct hoary sedge
Carex disjoint 		Native, CoC: 7,
Unranked,
SNR, G5T
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 54 		 
NYFA: 16 counties
iNat: St. Lawrence, Suffolk
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Carex sect. Glareosae "trisperma" group Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Dewey

1825. Carex trisperma Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 9: 63
1840. Neskiza trisperma (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27

Three-seeded sedge
Three-fruited sedge
Three-seeded bog sedge
Carex trisperme 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5-T5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 3,
2n = 60 		 
NYFA: 43 counties
iNat: 8 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 (O.W. Knight) Kirschb.

1906. Carex trisperma var. billingsii O.W.Knight in Rhodora 8:185
1967. Carex trisperma for. billingsii (O.W.Knight) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad.
2007. Carex billingsii (O.W.Knight) Kirschb. in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1:401

Billings’ sedge
Billings' three-seeded bog sedge
Billings’s sedge
Carex de Billings 		Native, CoC: 10,
Unranked,
SNR, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 60 		 
NYFA: 15 counties
iNat: 7 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
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 Wahlenb.

1803. Carex tenuiflora Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:147
1840. Carex leucolepis Turcz. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:292
1895. Carex arrhyncha Franch. in Bull. Annuel Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 8, 7:30
1909. Carex tenuiflora var. arrhyncha (Franch.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr.
1909. Carex tenuiflora var. setacea Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV
1980. Vignea tenuiflora (Wahlenb.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:197

Sparse-flowered sedge
Sparse-leaved sedge
Thin-flowered sedge
Carex tênuiflore 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
S1-S2, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 58 		 
NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: Lewis, St. Lawrence, Warren
USDA-NN
POWO
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FNA
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 Fernald
  Carex tenuiflora ×
  Carex trisperma

1933. Carex × trichina Fernald in Rhodora 35:219

Hair-like sedge
Hybrid of
  Sparse-flowered sedge &
  Three-seeded sedge 		Native,
Hybrid,
SNA, GNA
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: St. Lawrence
iNat: St. Lawrence (2021)
USDA-NN
POWO
VASCAN
Images
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  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Subg. Vignea > sect. Deweyanae

edit
 
Carex bromoides
V.D.2. Carex sect. Deweyanae Tuck. ex Mack., in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 1: 352. 1931.

Contains traditional sect. Deweyanae (6/6), excluding C. laeviculmis and C. kreczetoviczii which were included in section Glareosae (V.C.2.)[1]

The traditional Carex section Deweyanae contains about 6 species found in North America and East Asia. Two of these are found east of the Mississippi, including in New York State.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Robert F. C. Naczi (2020). Carex sect. Deweyanae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Deweyanae
Genus Carex sect. Deweyanae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schwein.
 var. deweyana

1824. Carex deweyana Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:65
1829. Carex deweyi Eaton in Man. Bot., ed. 5:150
1840. Vignea deweyana (Schwein.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1919. Carex deweyana var. stricta Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20:169

Dewey's sedge
Dewey sedge
Short-scale sedge
Carex de Dewey 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 54 		 
NYFA: 43 counties
iNat: 9 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
VASCAN
FNA
LBJ
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 Schkuhr ex Willd.
 ssp. bromoides

1805. Carex bromoides Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 258
1840. Loncoperis bromoides (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27

Brome-like sedge
Brome hummock sedge
Common brome sedge
Carex faux-brome 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5?
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 4,
2n = 64, 66, 68 		 
NYFA: 44 counties
iNat: 11 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
VASCAN
FNA
LBJ
Images
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Subg. Vignea > sect. Phaestoglochin

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Carex spicata
V.E.1. Carex sect. Phaestoglochin Dumort., Fl. Belg. 146. 1827.

Contains traditional sections Phaestoglochin (15/38), Vulpinae (2/13), and Echinochloomorphae (1/1). Consists primarily of Eastern Hemisphere species of traditional sect. Phaestoglochin, characterized by short rhizomes, inflorescences spicate (rarely distally branched), spikes androgynous, and perigynia wingless.

The Global Carex Group moved the New York sedges of traditional sect. Phaestoglochin into the three separate clades, leaving the non-native C. spicata as the only member reported in New York. The other members of this traditional section were moved to the Annectens Clade (V.E.2) and Rosea Clade (V.G.5). [1]

The traditional Carex section Phaestoglochin contained about 38 species worldwide, 25 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Sedges of traditional section Phaestoglochin were characterized as upland species with compressed, sharp-edged oval perigynia, with male flowers appearing at the top of the spikelets.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Phaestoglochin
Genus Carex sect. Phaestoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Huds.
 ssp. spicata

1762. Carex spicata Huds. in Fl. Angl.:349
1833. Carex contigua Hoppe in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 14:61
1844. Carex furculata Peterm. in Flora 27:329
1846. Carex fraterna Rupr. in Symb. Pl. Ross.:208
1913. Desmiograstis contigua (Hoppe) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just (publ. 1918)
1921. Carex fumosa (Gren.) Prain in Index Kew., Suppl. 5: 4
1979. Vignea spicata (Huds.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus. 148:197 (publ. 1980)

Spiked sedge
Prickly sedge
Spiked bracted sedge
Carex à épi
Laiche en épi 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR
FACU-FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 9,
2n = 58 		 
NYFA: 16 counties
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-XX
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Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade

edit
V.E.2. Annectens Clade contains parts of traditional sections Phaestoglochin (10/38), Multiflorae (10/10), Vulpinae (10/13), Divisae (6/15), Heleoglochin (4/13), Foetidae (6/17), Stenorhynchae (3/5), Bracteosae (2/12), Inversae (1/10).[1]
  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Vulpinae

edit
 
Carex stipata
V.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 10 of the 13 traditional sect. Vulpinae species globally, including all 5 of the traditional sect. Vulpinae species listed in New York State.[1]

The traditional Carex section Vulpinae contains about 15 (13) species worldwide, 9 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

Sedges in Section Vulpinae have flattened, beaked, sharp-edged perigynia. The upper stems, below the flower cluster, are sharply triangular or winged and fairly soft and easily crushed.[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Lisa A. Standley (2020). Carex sect. Vulpinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas. Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 232.
Carex sect. Vulpinae[1] Sheath front Perigynia length Perigynia shape Leaf texture
Carex stipata corrugated cross-wise 4-7 mm. tapered to a long beak not papillose above
Carex laevivaginata thick, truncate or concave band at top often > 5 mm. tapered to a long beak papillose above
Carex alopecoidea smooth, not thickened ≤ 4mm. rounded to a short beak not papillose above
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Vulpinae
Genus Carex sect. Vulpinae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Muhl. ex Willd.
 var. stipata

1805. Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd.
1830. Vignea stipata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk.
1837. Carex setacea Frank ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2: 382, nom. illeg.
1837. Carex sparganioides Leconte ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2: 382, nom. illeg.
1840. Loncoperis stipata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1875. Carex stipitata Boeckeler in Linnaea 39:85
1894. Carex stipata var. crassicurta Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus.
1894. Carex stipata var. subsecuta Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus.

Awl-fruited sedge
Awlfruit sedge
Owlfruit sedge
Prickly sedge
Common fox sedge
Stalk-grained sedge
Saw-beak sedge
Stipitate sedge
Carex stipité
Carex spongieux
Laiche épaisse 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 48, 52 		 
NYFA: 57 counties
iNat: 19 counties
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 (Kük.) Mack.

1909. Carex stipata var laevivaginata Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr.
1913. Carex laevivaginata (Kük.) Mack. in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S.

Smooth-sheathed sedge
Smooth-sheathed fox sedge
Carex à gaine lisse 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 46 		 
NYFA: 34 counties
iNat: 10 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Tuck.

1843. Carex alopecoidea Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.
1849. Carex alopecoidea var. sparsispicata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts

Foxtail sedge
Fox-tail sedge
Brown-headed fox sedge
Brown-headed wood sedge
Carex alopécoïde 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7,
2n = 68 		 
NYFA: 21 counties
iNat: 3 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 Boott

1849. Carex vulpina J.Carey ex Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser., nom. illeg.
1862. Carex conjuncta Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:122
1979. Vignea conjuncta (Boott) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:195

Soft fox sedge
Connected sedge 		Native, CoC: 5,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2],
S1, G4-G5,
NYNHP: 1[3]
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: Queens (?)
GBIF: Oneida, Yates
USDA-N0
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany-0
VASCAN-0
FNAFNA
Tropicos
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 Shuttlew. ex Kuntze

1844. Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. ex Kuntze
1844. Carex crus-corvi f. orthoclados Kunze in Suppl. Riedgräs.:166
1845. Carex siciformis Boott in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5:113
1846. Carex halei Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 2:248
1858. Carex hystrix A.Gray ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:26
1858. Carex ornithorhyncha Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:26
1937. Carex crus-corvi var. virginiana Fernald
1941. Carex virginiana (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 43:542, nom. illeg.
1942. Carex bayardii Fernald in Rhodora 44:71

Ravenfoot sedge
Raven's-foot sedge
Crow-spur sedge
Crowfoot fox sedge
Carex ergot-de-corbeau 		N. America native,
Cultivated
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 52 		 
NYFA: Not listed
iNat: 0 NY counties
GBIF: Bronx (1900)
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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  1. ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Vulpinae." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 107.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex conjuncta. Endangered, SH/G4G5.

Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Heleoglochin

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Carex diandra
V.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 4 of the 13 traditional sect. Heleoglochin species globally, including all 3 of the traditional sect. Vulpinae species listed in New York State.[1]

The traditional Carex section Heleoglochin contains 11 or 12 (13) species worldwide, 4 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

The sedges of section Heleoglochin have branched clusters and oval perigynia that taper into broad beaks.[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Heleoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas. Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 85.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Heleoglochin
Genus Carex sect. Heleoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schrank

1781. Carex diandra Schrank in Cent. Bot. Anmerk.: 57
1794. Carex teretiuscula Gooden. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 163
1923. Carex paniculata var. diandra (Schrank) Fiori in Nuov. Fl. Italia 1:185
1979. Vignea diandra (Schrank) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148: 195

Lesser-panicled sedge
Lesser tussock sedge
Bog panicled sedge
Two-stamen sedge
Carex diandre
Laiche à tige arrondie
Laîche arrondie 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 48,50,54,60 		 
NYFA: 27 counties
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNAFNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 Dewey ex Alph.Wood

1845. Carex prairea Dewey in A Class-book of Botany 414
1861. Carex prairea Dewey ex Alph. Wood in A Class-book of Botany 750
1867. Carex teretiuscula var. ramosa Boott in Illustrations of the Genus Carex 4:145
1896. Carex teretiuscula var. prairea (Dewey ex Alph. Wood) Britton in Britton & Brown
1908. Carex diandra var. ramosa (Boott) Fernald in Rhodora 10(111):48
1909. Carex diandra var. prairea (Dewey ex Alph. Wood) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.)

Prairie sedge
Carex des prairies 		Native, CoC: 9,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8,
2n = 66 		 
NYFA: 28 counties
iNat: 2 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNAFNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 Muhl.

1817. Carex decomposita Muhl. in Descr. Gram.: 264
1826. Carex paniculata var. decomposita (Muhl.) Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:276

Cypress-knee sedge
Cypressknee sedge
Large-panicled sedge
Decomposite Sedge
Epiphytic Sedge 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
SH, G3,
NYNHP: 1[2]
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 60, 64, 66. 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: No NY observations
GBIF: 2 counties
USDA-N0
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany-0
FNAFNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex decomposita. Endangered, SH/G3G4.
Carex sect. Heleoglochin[1][2] Inflorescence Perigynia mature position Perigynia mature color Perigynia shape Leaf sheath Broadest leaf width
C. diandra mostly 2-8 cm long, may be more compact, erect, basal 1-5 branches overlapping spreading, not concealed by the scales shiny, dark brown ovoid to lance-ovoid,
~2× as long as wide
convex on ventral face 		truncate to convex, inner band pale/whitish with red dots 1-3 mm
C. prairea mostly 2-8 cm long, may be interrupted, nodding, basal 1-5 branches often weakly separated appressed, nearly or completely concealed by scales dull, medium brown ovoid to lance-ovoid, ~2× as long as wide, convex on ventral face truncate to convex, inner band copper-colored toward summit, with red dots, prolonged 2–8 mm beyond base of blade 1-3 mm
C. decomposita mostly 7-15 cm long, basal 3-9 branches well-separated, basal branch has 9–33(–48) spikes spreading deep olive green to brown obpyramidal or broadly obovoid, body very abruptly contracted into beak (0.4–0.7 mm), 1.3-1.5× as long as wide concave at mouth, not prolonged 3-8 mm
  1. ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Heleoglochin." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 101.
  2. ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.

Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Multiflorae

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Carex vulpinoidea
V.E.2. Annectens Clade contains all 10 traditional sect. Multiflorae species worldwide.[1]

The traditional Carex section Multiflorae contains 7 (10) species worldwide, 7 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 2 of which are native to New York.[2]

Sedges in section Multiflorae have branched clusters (as do the previous two sections Heleoglochin and Vulpinae). They have corrugated sheaths, needle-tipped scales, and oval perigynia.[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Lisa A. Standley (2020). Carex sect. Multiflorae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Jerry Jenkins (2019). Sedges of the Northern Forest - A Digital Atlas. Northern Forest Atlas Project. Version 1.3, 21 February 2019, p. 122.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Multiflorae
Genus Carex sect. Multiflorae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.

1803. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:169
1805. Carex multiflora Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:243
1825. Carex setacea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 9:61
1840. Vignea setacea (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1843. Carex vaginiformis Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.:9
1980. Vignea vulpinoidea (Michx.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:197

Fox sedge
Common fox sedge
American fox-sedge
Brown fox sedge 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7,
2n = 52 		 
NYFA: 60 counties
iNat: 34 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell

1896. Carex xanthocarpa var. annectens E.P.Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 22
1908. Carex annectens (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35:492
1909. Carex vulpinoidea f. annectens (E.P.Bicknell) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr.
1910. Carex bicknellii E.G.Camus in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1:239, nom. illeg.
1922. Carex annectens var. xanthocarpa (Kük.) Wiegand in Rhodora 24:74
1923. Carex brachyglossa Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:355
1923. Carex vulpinoidea var. annectens (E.P.Bicknell) Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1:91
1952. Carex vulpinoidea var. ambigua (Barratt) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22

Yellow-fruited sedge
Yellowfruit sedge
Yellow fox sedge
Small yellow fox sedge
Carex à gaine tronguée 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7 		 
NYFA: 45 counties
iNat: 13 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Carex sect. Multiflorae[1][2] Flowering stem length Inflorescence length Perigynia mature color Perigynia shape Perigynia deimensions Beak length
Carex vulpinoidea shorter than leaves 6-10 cm dull yellow-green or pale brown, not red-dotted ovate or elliptic, base obtuse 2–3.2 × 1.3–1.8 mm 1/3-1/2 x body
Carex annectens longer than leaves 4-7 cm golden yellow or yellowish-brown, not red-dotted broadly elliptic to ovate 2.2–3 × 1.5–2.2 mm ≤ 1/3 x body
  1. ↑ Michael Hough (2019). "Multiflorae." Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York, p. 103.
  2. ↑ Weakley, A.S., and Southeastern Flora Team. 2024. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.

Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Phaestoglochin

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Carex cephaloidea
V.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 10 of the 38 traditional sect. Phaestoglochin species globally. The Global Carex Group (2021) placed the New York sedges of sect. Phaestoglochin into three separate clades:[1]
  • V.E.1. Carex sect. Phaestoglochin: Carex spicata
  • V.E.2. Annectens Clade: C. aggregata, C. cephaloidea, C. cephalophora, C. gravida, C. leavenworthii, C. mesochorea, C. muehlenbergii, C. sparganioides
  • V.G.5. Rosea Clade: C. appalachica, C. radiata, C. retroflexa, C. rosea, C. texensis

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Phaestoglochin contains about 27 (38) species worldwide, 25 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

Sedges of section Phaestoglochin are upland species with compressed, sharp-edged oval perigynia. Male flowers appear at the top of the spikelets.

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Phaestoglochin
Genus Carex sect. Phaestoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Muhl. ex Willd.

1805. Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:220
1830. Vignea cephalophora (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler
1840. Diemisa cephalophora (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1842. Carex cephalophora var. maxima Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43:92
1921. Carex cephalophora var. bracteosa Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22:180
1923. Carex cephalophora var. anomala Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1:90

Oval-headed sedge
Oval-leaf sedge
Carex porte-tête 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 48 		 
NYFA: 45 counties
iNat: 9 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Muhl. ex Willd.

1805. Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed.4. 4:237
1845. Carex sparganioides var. ramea Dewey in Class-book Bot.: 415
1923. Carex sparganioides var. lutea Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci.

Bur-reed sedge
Carex faux-rubanier 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 4,
2n = 46, 48 		 
NYFA: 44 counties
iNat: 9 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 (Dewey) Dewey

1826. Carex muricata var. cephaloidea Dewey in Amer. J. Bot. 11:308
1848. Carex sparganioides var. cephaloidea (Dewey) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual: 513
1862. Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:123
1862. Carex sparganioides var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:123

Thin-leaf sedge
Cluster-headed sedge
Cluster-bracted sedge
Thin-leaved sedge
Thinleaf sedge
Carex céphaloïde 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5
FACU-FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 4,
2n = 50 		 
NYFA: 30 counties
iNat: 2 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Schkuhr ex Willd.
 var. muehlenbergii

1805. Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed.4. 4:231
1837. Carex pinetorum Willd. ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:381
1840. Vignea muhlenbergii (Schkuhr ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1862. Carex piniaria Bosc ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:124

Muhlenberg's sedge Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure,
S4-S5, G5-T5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6 		 
NYFA: 23 counties
iNat: Queens County
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Schkuhr ex Willd.
 var. enervis Boott

1862. Carex muehlenbergii var. enervis Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:124
1915. Carex onusta Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42:618
1923. Carex plana Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:350

Nerveless Muhlenberg's sedge
Muhlenberg's veinless sedge
Muhlenberg's sedge
Carex à utricule lisse 		Native, CoC: 7,
Rare,
DEC-C[1],
S3, G5-T5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6 		 
NYFA: 14 counties
iNat: Bronx, Suffolk
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Dewey

1846. Carex leavenworthii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 2:246
1862. Carex cephalophora var. angustifolia Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:123
1909. Carex cephalophora var. leavenworthii (Dewey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.)

Leavenworth's sedge Unk nativity,
Unranked
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7 		 
NYFA: Onondaga (1996)
iNat: Onondaga (1988)
GBIF: Onondaga, Tompkins
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Mack.

1906. Carex mediterranea Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33:441, nom. illeg.
1910. Carex mesochorea Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:246
1952. Carex cephalophora var. mesochorea (Mack.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22

Midland sedge
Midland bracted sedge
Carex de l'arrière-pays 		Native, CoC: 3,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2],
S2, G4-G5,
NYNHP: S2[3]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat: Nassau, Onondaga
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Note: [4]
 Mack.

1906. Carex agglomerata Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33:442, nom. illeg.
1910. Carex aggregata Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:246
1952. Carex sparganioides var. aggregata (Mack.) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22

Glomerate sedge
Smooth clustered sedge
Crowded sedge
Carex aggloméré 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[5],
NYNHP: S2[6]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 9 counties
iNat: Monroe, Onondaga
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex mesochorea.
  4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program: It's unclear whether Carex mesochorea was introduced due to human activity or whether its relatively recent discovery in N.Y. is due to a natural extension of its range from the Midwest.
  5. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  6. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex aggregata.

Subg. Vignea > Annectens Clade >> sect. Divisae

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Carex praegracilis
V.E.2. Annectens Clade contains 6 of the 16 traditional sect. Divisae species worldwide, including Carex praegracilis, the only New York species of sect. Divisae.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Divisae contains about 14 (16) species worldwide, 6 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. All of these are native to western North America, but Carex praegracilis has been spreading eastward along highways treated with road salt and is known to naturalize in New York.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Divisae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Divisae
Genus Carex sect. Divisae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 W.Boott

1839. Carex marcida Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:212, nom. illeg.
1884. Carex praegracilis W.Boott in Bot. Gaz. 9:87
1886. Carex gayana var. hyalina L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 135
1890. Carex sartwellii var. occidentalis L.H.Bailey in J.Macoun
1907. Carex latebrosa Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 603 (1908)
1908. Carex alterna (L.H.Bailey) C.B.Clarke in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, Addit.
1910. Carex camporum Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:244

Clustered field sedge
Freeway sedge
Black creeper sedge
Field sedge
Expressway sedge
Very slender sedge
Carex très grêle 		Introduced from
 western North America,
N. America native,
Naturalized,
SNA
FACW
Perennial,
Herb,
Heliophily: 9 		 
NYFA: 4 counties
iNat: Oswego (1988)
GBIF: Ontario, Oswego
USDA-NNN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies

Subg. Vignea > sect. Physoglochin

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Carex alascana
V.E.4. Carex sect. Physoglochin Dumort., Fl. Belg. 145. 1827.

Contains all 5 of the traditional sect. Physoglochin species globally, including New York's Carex alascana (syn. Carex gynocrates var. substaminata Peck)[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Physoglochin contains 4-6 (5) species worldwide, 2 of which (C. gynocrates and C. parallela) are found in North America North of Mexico.[2] Of these, only Carex gynocrates (northern bog sedge) has been found in New York State, where it is listed as Endangered.

POWO (2023) treats Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer as a synonym of Carex nardina (Hornem.) Fr.[3] (which is in subg. Euthyceras above.), but Carex gynocrates var substaminata Peck as a synonym of Carex alascana.[4] See discussion of name change at iNaturalist.

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Theodore S. Cochrane (2020). Carex sect. Physoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer at Plants of the World Online
  4. ↑ Carex gynocrates var. substaminata Peck at Plants of the World Online
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Physoglochin
Genus Carex sect. Physoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Boeckeler

1841. Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer misapplied (syn. of Carex nardina)
1885. Carex alascana Boeckeler in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 7:277
1896. Carex gynocrates var. substaminata Peck in Rep. Regents Univ. NYS Mus.
1897. Carex gymnocrates var. substaminata Peck ex Howe in Rep. NYS Mus. Nat. Hist.
1965. Carex cobresiiformis A.I.Baranov & Skvortsov in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 18:224

Northern bog sedge
Carex à côtes 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP-1[2],
S1, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8,
2n = 46, 48 		 
NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: 3 counties
GBIF: 3 counties
USDA-NN
COL
WFO
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNAFNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex gynocrates. Accessed 1/19/2024.

Subg. Vignea > sect. Macrocephalae

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Carex kobomugi Ohwi at Futtsu city, Chiba Japan
V.G.3. Carex sect. Macrocephalae Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 186. 1909.

Contains both species (Carex kobomugi and C. macrocephala) of traditional section Macrocephalae.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Macrocephalae contains 2 species worldwide, both of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

Although neither of these Carex sect. Macrocephalae species are listed as naturalized in New York, Carex kobomugi was found in the Great Kills and Miller Field areas of Gateway National Recreation Area on Staten Island on Oct. 31, 2013.[3]

Carex macrocephala has been reported on the coastal dunes of New Jersey, where Carex kobomugi is already common.[4]

Carex kobomugi has also been found on sandy beaches in Rhode Island and in Massachusetts, where it has been listed as prohibited.[5]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe(2020). Carex sect. Macrocephalae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ New York Invasive Species Information: The Long Island Invasive Species Management Area. "Asiatic Sand Sedge Found on Staten Island (31 Oct 2013)"
  4. ↑ Louise Wootton (2007), "First report of Carex macrocephala in eastern North America with notes on its co-occurrence with Carex kobomugi in New Jersey." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 134(1), pp. 126–134.
  5. ↑ Carex kobomugi Ohwi - Japanese sedge. Go Botany, New England Wild Flower Society, 2011-2013
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Macrocephalae
Genus Carex sect. Macrocephalae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Ohwi.

1865. Carex macrocephala var. longibracteata Oliv. in J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
1930. Carex kobomugi Ohwi in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, Biol.
1931. Carex macrocephala var. kobomugi Miyabe & Kudô in J. Fac. Agric.
1940. Carex macrocephala f. kobomugi (Ohwi) Makino in Ill. Fl. Nippon: 738
1979. Vignea kobomugi (Ohwi) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 148:195

Asian sand sedge
Asiatic sand sedge
Japanese beach sedge
Japanese sand sedge
Japanese sedge
Sea Isle Japanese sedge
Sea Isle sedge 		Introduced from
 E & SE Asia,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 69%[1]
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 9,
2n = 84 		 
NYFA: Queens (2012)
iNat: Queens, Richmond, Suffolk
GBIF: Long Island
USDA-X0
COL
WFO
POWO
FSUS
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ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNAFNA
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 Willd. ex Spreng.

1826. Carex macrocephala Willd. ex Spreng.
1828. Carex anthericoides J.Presl & C.Presl
1900. Carex macrocephala var. bracteata Holm
1942. Carex macrocephala ssp. anthericoides Hultén
1979. Vignea macrocephala Soják

Largehead sedge
Large-headed sedge
Big-headed sedge
Carex à grosses têtes 		Introduced from
 northeast Asia,
 northwest N.A.,
Moderately invasive,
NYIS: 69%[1] 		 
NYFA: 0
iNat: No NY observations
USDA-NN
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Carex kobomugi, macrocephala: Moderately invasive (69%).

Subg. Vignea > Rosea Clade

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Carex rosea
V.G.5. Rosea Clade contains 6 of the 38 species of traditional section Phaestoglochin.

The Global Carex Group (2021) divided the New York sedges of sect. Phaestoglochin into the three separate clades within subg. Vignea. The five eastern North American species C. appalachica, C. radiata, C. retroflexa, C. rosea, C. texensis were placed in Rosea Clade (V.G.5). The remainder were placed in sect. Phaestoglochin (V.E.1) and Annectens Clade (V.E.2). [1]

The traditional Carex section Phaestoglochin contains about 27 (38) species worldwide, 25 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2][3]

Sedges of section Phaestoglochin are upland species with compressed, sharp-edged oval perigynia. Male flowers appear at the top of the spikelets.

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Carex sect. Phaestoglochin. Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea — clade Rosea
Genus Carex fna-sect. Phaestoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.

1805. Carex rosea Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 237
1830. Vignea rosea (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk.
1840. Diemisa rosea (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1843. Carex neglecta Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.: 19, nom. illeg.
1855. Carex flaccidula Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:199
1916. Carex convoluta Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43:428

Rosy sedge
Common upland star sedge
Carex en rosace 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 3,
2n = 52 		 
NYFA: 59 counties
iNat: 14 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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FSUS
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 (Wahlenb.) Small

1803. Carex stellulata ssp. radiata Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya
1803. Carex stellulata var. radiata Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya
1826. Carex rosea var. radiata (Wahlenb.) Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts
1860. Carex rosea var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 2: 81
1888. Carex echinata var. radiata (Wahlenb.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
1903. Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:218
1979. Carex sylvicola J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball in Taxon 28:613

Eastern star sedge
Narrow-leaved upland star sedge
Bracted sedge
Stellate sedge
Straight-styled wood sedge
Carex rayonnant 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G4
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 3,
2n = 58 		 
NYFA: 54 counties
iNat: 12 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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 J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball

1979. Carex appalachica J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball

Appalachian sedge
Carex des Appalaches 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G4
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 4,
2n = 52 		 
NYFA: 40 counties
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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FSUS
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 Muhl. ex Willd.

1805. Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:235
1830. Vignea retroflexa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb.
1836. Carex rosea var. retroflexa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. in Ann. Lyceum
1840. Diemisa retroflexa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27

Reflexed sedge
Carex rétroflexe 		Native, CoC: 7,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1],
S4, G5,
NYNHP: S4[2]
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 40 		 
NYFA: 22 counties
iNat: Livingston, Warren, Westchester
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 (Torr. ex L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey

1889. Carex rosea var. texensis Torr. ex L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1894. Carex texensis (Torr. ex L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1909. Carex retroflexa var. texensis (Torr. ex L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler

Texas Sedge
Carex du Texas 		Introduced,
N. America native,
Naturalized,
SNA
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: Onondaga 1988-99
iNat: Onondaga
GBIF: Onondaga 2020
USDA-N0
POWO
FSUS
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex retroflexa.

Subg. Vignea > sect. Dispermae

edit
 
Carex disperma
V.H.1. Carex sect. Dispermae Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 11: 237. 1936.

Contains the only species of traditional section Dispermae (Carex disperma).[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Dispermae contains the sole species Carex disperma (soft-leaved sedge) which is native to North America, including New York.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Heikki Toivonen (2020). Carex sect. Dispermae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Dispermae
Genus Carex sect. Dispermae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Dewey

1801. Carex tenella Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs., nom. illeg. not Thuill.
1824. Carex disperma Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 8: 266
1840. Vignea disperma (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1844. Carex blyttii F.Nyl. in Spic. Pl. Fenn. 2:35
1847. Carex gracilis A.Gray in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, nom. illeg.

Soft-leaved sedge
Softleaf sedge
Two-seeded sedge
Two-seeded bog sedge
Short-leaved sedge
Carex disperme 		Native, CoC: 10,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Shade,
2n = 70 		 
NYFA: 40 counties
iNat: 9 counties
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Subg. Vignea > Disticha Clade

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Carex siccata
V.H.2. Disticha Clade contains parts of traditional sections Ammoglochin (2/17), Foetidae (9/17), Holarrhenae (10/11), Phaestoglochin (4/38), Divisae (1/15).[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Ammoglochin contains about 14 (17) species worldwide, 2 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. New York native Carex siccata is included.[2]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Holarrhenae contains about 11 species worldwide, 2 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. New York native Carex sartwellii is included.[3]

Sartwell's sedge (Carex sartwellii) is common in the midwest, endangered in New York, but not found in New England.[4][5]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A.A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Ammoglochin in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling(2020). Carex sect. Holarrhenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  4. ↑ Carex sartwellii (Sartwell's Sedge) at Minnesota Wildflowers
  5. ↑ Carex sartwellii (Sartwell's Sedge) at Michigan Flora Online. A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. February 2011. University of Michigan. Web. April 9, 2019.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea — clade Disticha
Genus Carex fna-sect. Ammoglochin Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Dewey
 var. siccata

1826. Carex siccata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:27
1840. Vignea siccata (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1848. Carex liddonii J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual: 545, nom. illeg.
1884. Carex adusta var. argyrantha L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2
1884. Carex adusta var. sparsiflora L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2
1886. Carex albolutescens var. argyrantha (L.H.Bailey) Olney ex L.H.Bailey in Proc. AAA
1894. Carex foenea var. sparsiflora Howe in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. NYS
1968. Carex foenea var. tuberculata F.J.Herm. in Rhodora 70:419

Dry-spike sedge
Dry-spiked sedge
Dryspike sedge
Dry land sedge
Dry sedge
Hay sedge
Silver-top sedge
Carex sec 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5
UPL-FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 70 		 
NYFA: 30 counties
iNat: Albany, Warren
GBIF
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Genus Carex fna-sect. Holarrhenae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Dewey
 var. sartwellii

1842. Carex sartwellii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43:90
1866. Carex disticha var. sartwellii (Dewey) Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:330
1867. Carex disticha A.Gray in Manual, ed. 5: 574, nom. illeg.

Sartwell's sedge
Carex de Sartwell 		Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
NYNHP-1[1],
DEC-A[2],
S1-S2, G4-G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: Monroe, Seneca, St. Lawrence
USDA-NN
POWO
ARS-GRIN
FNAFNA
Tropicos
BONAP
Images
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  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Carex sartwellii. Endangered, S1S2/G4G5.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Subg. Vignea > sect. Chordorrhizae

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Carex chordorrhiza
V.H.3. Carex sect. Chordorrhizae (Heuffel) Meinsh., Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada 18: 2. 1901.

Contains both species of traditional section Chordorrhizae, including threatened New York Species Carex chordorrhiza and Asian Carex pseudocuraica.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Chordorrhizae contains about 2 species worldwide, one of which (Carex chordorrhiza) is found in North America and native to New York.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Chordorrhizae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Chordorrhizae
Genus Carex sect. Chordorrhizae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.f.

1782. Carex chordorrhiza L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 414
1811. Carex funiformis Clairv. in Man. Herbor. Suisse: 287
1830. Vignea chordorrhiza (L.f.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk.
1836. Carex fulvicoma Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 29:249
1838. Carex fischeriana J.Gay in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 10:286
1848. Carex teretiuscula Willk. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 6:414, nom. illeg.
1857. Carex chordorrhiza var. sphagnicola Laest. ex Th.Fr. in Bot. Not.
1877. Carex chordorrhiza var. genuina Trautv. in Trudy Imp., not validly publ.
1889. Caricina chordorrhiza (L.f.) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2:874
1902. Carex chordorrhiza var. aestivalis Asch. & Graebn. in Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.

Creeping sedge
Cord-root sedge
Prostrate sedge
Rope-root sedge
Carex à long rhizome
Carex à longs stolons
Carex à longs rhizomes
Laiche à longs rhizomes 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1],
NYNHP-2-3[2],
S2-S3
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 14 counties
iNat: 5 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex chordorrhiza. November 4, 2022

Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae

edit
V.I. Carex sect. Cyperoideae G.Don, in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit. 376. 1830.

This section contains traditional sections Ovales (91/92) and Ammoglochin (2/17). The Global Carex Group finds that Cyperoideae has priority as the name of sect. Ovales.[1]

Flora of North America (FNA) currently describes both sect. Cyperoideae (with one North American sedge)[2] and sect. Ovales (with 72 North American sedges).[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe (2020). Carex sect. Cyperoideae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Ovales in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.

Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Cyperoideae

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Carex sychnocephala
V.I. Carex sect. Cyperoideae

Note that the GCG-21 appendix listed Carex sychnocephala as part of traditional sect. Ovales,[1] while FNA currently places it alone as the only North American sedge in (2-species) sect. Cyperoideae.

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Cyperoideae contains about 2 (0) species worldwide, one of which (Carex sychnocephala) is found in North America North of Mexico. including in New York State, where it is listed as Endangered.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe (2020). Carex sect. Cyperoideae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Cyperoideae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 J.Carey

1847. Carex sychnocephala J.Carey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 10:24

Many-headed sedge
Manyhead sedge
Dense long-beaked sedge
Long-beaked sedge
Carex compact
Carex à fruits poilus 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP-1 [2]
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 4 counties
GBIF
USDA-NN
COL
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex sychnocephala. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/many-headed-sedge/. Accessed January 30, 2024.

Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales

edit
V.I. Carex sect. Cyperoideae contains 91 of the 92 species of traditional sect. Ovales worldwide.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Ovales contains about 88 (92) species worldwide, 72 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, making Ovales the largest traditional Carex section in North America. Only a few species of this section are native to other continents. About 26 sect. Ovales species are found in New York State.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Ovales in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Festucaceae"
edit
 
Carex festucacea
K.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Festucaceae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by[1]
  1. perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
  2. perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
  3. pistillate scale: short,
  4. lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
  5. vegetative culm: short,
  6. inner face of the leaf sheath: hyaline.
  1. ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Festucaceae" Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schkuhr ex Willd.

1803. Carex leporina Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:170, nom. illeg.
1805. Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:230
1830. Vignea scoparia (Schkuhr ex Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler
1837. Carex ovalis Willd. ex Kunth in Enum. Pl. 2:397, nom. illeg.
1840. Loncoperis scoparia (Schkuhr ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1875. Carex lagopodioides var. scoparia Boeckeler in Linnaea 39:114
1896. Carex tribuloides var. moniliformis (Tuck.) Britton in Ill. Fl. N.U.S. 1:356

Pointed broom sedge
Broom sedge
Lance-fruited oval sedge
Swamp sedge
Carex à balais 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure,
S5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6,
2n = 56, 58, 60, 68 		 
NYFA: 59 counties
iNat: 17 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 Mack.

1836. Carex mirabilis Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 30:63, nom. illeg.
1843. Carex straminea var. mirabilis Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.:18
1848. Carex festucacea var. mirabilis (Tuck.) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual:545
1867. Carex cristata var. mirabilis (Tuck.) A.Gray in Manual, ed. 5:580
1902. Carex mirabilis var. perlonga Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:473
1919. Carex normalis Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37:244
1919. Carex normalis var. perlonga (Fernald) Burnham in Torreya 19:131
1942. Carex normalis f. perlonga (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 44:285

Greater straw sedge
Larger straw sedge
Large straw sedge
Carex normal 		Native, CoC: 1,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 68 		 
NYFA: 47 counties
iNat: 4 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 Dewey

1824. Carex tenera Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 8:97
1840. Diemisa tenera (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1863. Carex mirabilis var. tenera (Dewey) Prov. in Fl. Canad. 2:648
1871. Carex tenera var. major Olney in Car. Bor. Am.: 3
1885. Carex straminea var. tenera (Dewey) L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz. 10:381

Delicate quill sedge
Slender sedge
Quill sedge
Tender sedge
Broad-fruited sedge
Carex tendre
Carex faible 		Native, CoC: 2,
Secure,
S5
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 52, 54, 56 		 
NYFA: 48 counties
iNat: 4 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 (Fernald) P.E.Rothr., Reznicek & Hipp

1902. Carex straminea var. echinodes Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:474
1909. Carex straminea f. echinodes (Fernald) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler 20(38):206
1923. Carex festucacea var. echinodes (Fernald) Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci.
1924. Carex tenera var. echinodes (Fernald) Wiegand in Rhodora 26:2
2009. Carex echinodes (Fernald) P.E.Rothr., Reznicek & Hipp in Syst. Bot. 34:304

Prickly quill sedge
Bristly nodding sedge
Bristly sedge
Quill sedge
Marsh straw sedge
Carex épineux 		Native, CoC: 5,
Endangered,
S1, G5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 52, 54, 56 		 
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat: 2 counties?
GBIF: present in NY
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 (L.H.Bailey) Olney ex Fernald

1889. Carex tribuloides var. bebbii L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 55
1902. Carex bebbii (L.H.Bailey) Olney ex Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:478

Bebb's sedge
Bebb sedge
Bebb's oval sedge
Carex de Bebb 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 68, 70 		 
NYFA: 37 counties
iNat: St. Lawrence
GBIF: present in NY
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 (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell

1826. Carex straminea var. brevior Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:158
1902. Carex festucacea var. brevior (Dewey) Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1915. Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:235

Short-beaked sedge
Shortbeak sedge
Round-fruited sedge
Fescue sedge
Brevior sedge
Plains oval sedge
Shorter sedge
Carex à têtes
Carex à têtes courtes 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
S5, G5?
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n=48,52,56,60,64,68 		 
NYFA: 30 counties
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 Fernald

1862. Carex scoparia var. minor Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:116
1902. Carex crawfordii Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:469
1902. Carex crawfordii var. vigens Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:470
1909. Carex crawfordii f. vigens (Fernald) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr.

Crawford's sedge
Crawford's oval sedge
Carex de Crawford
Laîche de Crawford 		Native, CoC: 4,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
FACW-FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 52, ca. 66, 70 		 
NYFA: 23 counties
iNat: Chautauqua, Warren
GBIF: present in NY
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 Willd.

1805. Carex festucacea Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:242
1830. Vignea festucacea (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk.
1838. Carex straminea var. festucacea (Willd.) Gay in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.

Fescue sedge
Fescue oval sedge
Carex fausse-fétuque 		Native, CoC: 3,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 68, 70 		 
NYFA: 16 counties
iNat: Jefferson County
GBIF: present in NY
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 Britton & A.Br.

1862. Carex straminea var. crawei Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:21
1896. Carex bicknellii Britton & A.Br. in Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1:360
1992. Carex brevior var. crawei (Boott) B.Boivin in Provancheria 25:127

Bicknell'S Sedge
Copper-shoulder oval sedge
Carex de Bicknell 		Native, CoC: 5,
Rare,
DEC-C[1],
S3, G5
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 76, 78 		 
NYFA: 11 counties
iNat: No RG NY observations
GBIF: present in NY
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 Mack.

1922. Carex merritt-fernaldii Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49:370. 1923
1923. Carex brevior var. pseudofestucacea Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1924

Fernald's sedge
Fernald's oval sedge
Merritt Fernald's sedge
Carex de Fernald 		Native, CoC: 5,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2],
S2-S3, G5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 70, 74 		 
NYFA: 12 counties
iNat: St. Lawrence county
GBIF: present in NY
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 Mack.

1931. Carex molesta Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. N. Amer. Fl. 18:151
1940. Carex brevior var. molesta (Mack.) F.C.Gates in Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci.

Troublesome sedge
Field oval sedge
Carex dérangeant 		Native, CoC: 5,
Threatened,
DEC-B[2],
S4, G4
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 68, 70 		 
NYFA: 20 counties
iNat: Erie Jeff Niag Onon
GBIF: present in NY
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 (Fernald) Fernald

1902. Carex mirabilis var. tincta Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:473
1913. Carex tincta (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 15: 186
1924. Carex normalis var. tincta (Fernald) House in Bull. NYS Mus. Nat. Hist.

Tinged sedge
Colored sedge
Carex coloré 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[3],
SH, G4-G5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
n = 36+IV 		 
NYFA: Dutc Rens
iNat: No NY observations
GBIF: None in NY
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare.
  2. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  3. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Tribuloideae"
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Carex tribuloides
K.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Tribuloideae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by[1]
  1. perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
  2. perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
  3. pistillate scale: short,
  4. lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
  5. vegetative culm: long, leafy,
  6. inner face of the leaf sheath: green.
  1. ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Tribuloideae" Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Wahlenb.
 var. tribuloides

1803. Carex richardii Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 170, nom. illeg.
1803. Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:145
1805. Carex lagopodioides Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 230
1830. Vignea lagopodioides (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk.
1836. Carex scoparia var. lagopodioides (Willd.) Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY
1885. Carex lagopodioides var. moniliformis Olney ex L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz
1886. Carex tribuloides var. reducta L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1889. Carex tribuloides var. turbata L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1893. Carex tribuloides f. aggregata Peck in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. NYS Mus
1909. Carex cristata var. reducta (L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) Pflanzenr.

Blunt broom sedge
Awl-fruited oval sedge
Carex tribuloïde 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 70 		 
NYFA: 49 counties
iNat: 7 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 Mack.

1908. Carex projecta Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club

Necklace sedge
Loose-headed oval sedge
Projecting sedge
Carex à bec étalé 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5,
2n = 64 		 
NYFA: 45 counties
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 Britton

1824. Carex cristata Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY, nom. illeg.
1843. Carex straminea var. cristata Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.: 18
1886. Carex tribuloides var. cristata (Tuck.) L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1896. Carex cristatella Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S.
1921. Carex cristata f. ellipsoidalis Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci.
1923. Carex cristata var. catelliformis Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1924
1942. Carex cristatella f. catelliformis (Farw.) Fernald in Rhodora 44: 284

Crested sedge
Crested oval sedge
Carex accrêté 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8,
2n = 70 		 
NYFA: 40 counties
iNat: 8 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 Schweinitz

1824. Carex muskingumensis Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY
1826. Carex arida Schwein. & Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY
1836. Carex scoparia Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY
1843. Carex scoparia var. muskingumensis (Schwein.) Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric
1913. Thysanocarex muskingumensis (Schwein.) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's 1918
1979. Vignea muskingumensis (Schwein.) Soják in Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír.

Muskingum sedge
Swamp oval sedge
Palm sedge
Carex de la rivière Muskingum 		Introduced from
 MI-OH-AR-MN,
Midwest native,
SNA
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 5 		 
NYFA: Bronx, New York
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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FSUS
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Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Alatae"
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Carex alata
K.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Alatae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by[1]
  1. perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
  2. perigynium body shape in outline: obovate,
  3. pistillate scale: short,
  4. lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
  5. vegetative culm: short,
  6. inner face of the leaf sheath: green.
  1. ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Alatae" Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Torr.

1836. Carex alata Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. NY
1840. Kolerma alata (Torr.) Raf. in Good Book
1871. Carex alata var. pulchra Olney in Car. Bor. Am.
1875. Carex straminea var. alata (Torr.) Boeckeler in Linnaea
1909. Carex albolutescens var. alata (Torr.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr.

Broadwing sedge
Broad-winged sedge
Winged oval sedge
Carex ailé 		Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 74. 		 
NYFA: 18 counties
iNat: Monroe (2020)
GBIF: present in NY
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 Schwein.

1828. Carex albolutescens Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York
1836. Carex straminea var. foenea Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York
1836. Carex foenea Muhl. ex Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, nom. illeg.
1838. Carex straminea var. intermedia J.Gay in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2
1867. Carex foenea var. ferruginea A.Gray in Manual, ed. 5
1872. Carex albolutescens var. brunnea Olney ex A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1872. Carex albolutescens var. sparsiflora Olney ex A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1902. Carex alata var. ferruginea (A.Gray) Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1909. Carex albolutescens var. ferruginea (A.Gray) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler

Greenish-white sedge
Green-white sedge
Greenwhite sedge
 Native, CoC: 7,
Unranked,
SNR, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 66 		 
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat: Rockland, Suffolk
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-N0
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 Mack.

1922. Carex longii Mack. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
1850. Carex leporina var. bracteata Liebm. in Mexic. Halvgr

Long's sedge
Round-shouldered oval sedge
Green-and-white Sedge
Carex de Long 		Native, CoC: 5,
Unranked,
SNR, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 58, 62 		 
NYFA: 7 counties
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 (L.H.Bailey) Mack.

1883. Carex albolutescens var. cumulata (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
1889. Carex straminea var. cumulata L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1942. Carex cumulata f. soluta Fernald in Rhodora
1922. Carex cumulata (L.H.Bailey) Mack. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (1923)

Clustered sedge
Crowded oval sedge
Accumulating sedge
Dense sedge
Carex dense 		Native, CoC: 6,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1],
S2-S3, G4-G5,
NYNHP: S2S3[2]
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 36, 38 		 
NYFA: 2-3
iNat: Cllinton, Dutchess, Ulster
GBIF: present in NY
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex cumulata. Accessed February 11, 2024.
Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Fetae"
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Carex hormathodes
K.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Fetae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by[1]
  1. perigynium beak cross-section: terete,
  2. perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
  3. pistillate scale: short,
  4. lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
  5. vegetative culm: short,
  6. inner face of the leaf sheath: green.
  1. ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Fetae" Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Olney

1843. Carex straminea var. moniliformis Tuck. in Enum. Meth. Caric.
1862. Carex adusta J.Carey ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex
1867. Carex foenea var. sabulonum A.Gray in Manual
1868. Carex silicea Olney in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1879. Carex moniliformis Britton in Geol. Surv. New Jersey
1884. Carex straminea var. silicea (Olney) L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat

Sea-beach sedge
Seabeach sedge
Beach sedge
Carex silicicole 		Native,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 74, 76 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: 4 counties
GBIF: 7 counties
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 Fernald

1862. Carex straminea var. aperta Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex
1884. Carex straminea var. indivisa W.Boott in Bot. Gaz.
1896. Carex straminea f. indivisa (W.Boott) Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S.
1906. Carex hormathodes Fernald in Rhodora 8:165
1906. Carex hormathodes var. invisa (W.Boott) Fernald in Rhodora
1942. Carex hormathodes f. invisa (W.Boott) Fernald in Rhodora

Marsh straw sedge
Carex moniliforme 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1],
S2-S3, G4-G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 74 		 
NYFA: 2-3
iNat: 3 counties
GBIF: present in NY
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 Willd. ex Schkuhr

1801. Carex straminea Willd. ex Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs
1840. Vignea straminea (Willd. ex Schkuhr) Raf. in Good Book
1848. Carex festucacea var. tenera J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual
1880. Carex scoparia var. fulva W.Boott in S.Watson & al., Bot. California
1880. Carex cristata var. mirabilis W.Boott in S.Watson & al., Bot. California, nom. illeg.
1888. Carex straminea var. typica Macoun in Cat. Canad. Pl, not validly publ.
1902. Carex tenera var. richii Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
1922. Carex richii (Fernald) Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club

Eastern straw sedge
Straw sedge 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 74 		 
NYFA: 21 counties
iNat: no NY observations
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-N0
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
Subg. Vignea > sect. Cyperoideae >> sect. Ovales "Foeneae"
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Carex foenea
K.K.Mackenzie’s (1940) "Foeneae" group of traditional section Ovales has been characterized by[1]
  1. perigynium beak cross-section: flat,
  2. perigynium body shape in outline: ovate,
  3. pistillate scale: long,
  4. lowest bract of the entire inflorescence: short,
  5. vegetative culm: short,
  6. inner face of the leaf sheath: hyaline.
  1. ↑ Hipp, Andrew & Reznicek, Anton & Rothrock, Paul & Weber, Jaime. (2006). Phylogeny and Classification of Carex Section Ovales (Cyperaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences - INT J PLANT SCI. 167. 10.1086/505538.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Vignea sect. Cyperoideae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Ovales "Foeneae" Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.

1809. Carex foenea Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 957
1830. Vignea foenea (Willd.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk.
1902. Carex aenea Fernald in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 37:480
1909. Carex foenea var. aenea (Fernald) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler
1953. Carex aenea f. extrapolata Butters & Abbe in Rhodora 55:130
1953. Carex aenea f. flumini-regalis Butters & Abbe in Rhodora 55:130
1979. Carex argyrantha var. aenea (Fernald) B.Boivin in Phytologia 43: 60

Hay sedge
Straw Sedge
Fernald's hay sedge
Bronze sedge
Bronzy sedge
Bronze-headed oval sedge
Carex fourrager
Carex cuivré 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5
UPL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 82, 84 		 
NYFA: 18 counties
iNat: Clinton, Essex
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 Tuck. ex Boott

1862. Carex argyrantha Tuck. ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 3:119
1889. Carex foenea var. perplexa L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:27

Silvery-flowered sedge
Silvery-green sedge
Hay sedge
Silvery hay sedge
Silvery oval sedge
Carex argenté 		Native, CoC: 7,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 80 		 
NYFA: 15 counties
iNat: 6 counties
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 Boott

1839. Carex adusta Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:215
1863. Carex mirabilis var. adusta (Boott) Prov. in Fl. Canad. 2:648
1884. Carex adusta var. glomerata L.H.Bailey in Carex Cat.: 2
1886. Carex albolutescens var. glomerata Olney ex L.H.Bailey in Proc. AAA
1887. Carex pinguis L.H.Bailey in Bull. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 3:22

Lesser brown sedge
Swarthy sedge
Browned sedge
Burnt sedge
Crowded sedge
Carex brûlé 		Native,
Endangered,
S1
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 78 		 
NYFA: Clinton (2020)
iNat: Clinton (2020)
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Carex subg. Carex

edit
VI. Carex subg. Carex. Subgenus Carex is the largest and morphologically the most variable Carex subgenus. The flowers of most of its species have three stigmas and primarily unisexual spikes.[1]
  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

Subg. Carex > sect. Secalinae

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Carex secalina, Staten Island
VI.IS4. Carex sect. Secalinae (O. Lang) O.Lang. ex Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 38(IV. 20): 679. 1909.

Contains all 3 traditional section Secalinae species (C. eremopyroides, C. hordeistichos, and C secalina) globally.[1]

iNaturalist includes this section as Section Secalinae (Carex Sect. Secalinae).

No species of this section are listed in the Flora of North America North of Mexico.[2]

The Eurasian species Carex secalina was reported in New York in 2012 by David A. Werier and Robert F. C. Naczi[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ David A. Werier and Robert F. C. Naczi (2012) Carex secalina (Cyperaceae), an Introduced Sedge New to North America. Rhodora 114(960), 349-365, (5 October 2012).
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Secalinae
Genus Carex sect. Secalinae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd. ex Wahlenb.

1803. Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl.
1866. Carex hordeistichos var. microstachys Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.
1867. Carex hordeistichos var. secalina (Willd. ex Wahlenb.) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex
1877. Carex hordeistichos var. microcarpa Boeckeler in Linnaea
1918. Kuekenthalia secalina (Willd. ex Wahlenb.) Fedde & J.Schust. in Just's Bot. Jahresber

Rye sedge
Rye-like sedge 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized,
SNA
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 4 counties
iNat: Kings, Richmond
GBIF: 5 counties
USDA-X0
COL
POWO
Images
Wikispecies

Subg. Carex > sect. Albae

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Carex eburnea
VI.A.1. Carex sect. Albae (Asch. & Graeb.) Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 38(IV. 20): 499. 1909.

Contains all 4 of the species of traditional section Albae globally (C. alba, C. eburnea, C. mckittrickensis, C. ussuriensis).[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Albae contains 4 species worldwide, 2 of which (C. eburnea, C. mckittrickensis) are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Albae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Albae
Genus Carex sect. Albae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Boott

 
1839. Carex eburnea Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:226
1824. Carex alba Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 7: 266, nom. illeg.
1826. Carex alba var. setifolia Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:316
1896. Carex setifolia (Dewey) Britton & A.Br. in Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1:332, nom. illeg.

Bristle-leaved sedge
Bristleleaf sedge
Ebony sedge
Ivory sedge
Carex ivoirin 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 27 counties
iNat: 12 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
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Subg. Carex > Flacca Clade

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Carex flacca
VI.E.3. Flacca Clade contains species from traditional Carex sections Thuringiaca (6/7), Aulocystis/Ferrugineae (9/74), Depauperatae (1/5), Abditispicae (8/8), Pellucidae (2/2). Paniceae (1/26).[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Thuringiaca contains 2 or 3 (7) species worldwide but only Carex flacca appears to have been found in North America, where it was introduced from Eurasia.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Lisa A. Standley (2020). Carex sect. Thuringiaca in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Flacca
Genus Carex fna-sect. Thuringiaca Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schreb.
 ssp. flacca

1771. Carex flacca Schreb. in Spic. Fl. Lips., App.:178
1772. Carex glauca Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2:223
1779. Carex verna Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2: 185
1787. Carex aspera Willd. in Fl. Berol. Prodr.:32
1821. Trasus glaucus (Scop.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:67 (1822)
1844. Carex bulbosa Drejer in Symb. Caric.:20

Heath sedge
Glaucous sedge
Blue sedge
Flabby sedge
Carex glauque
Laîche glauque
Laiche flasque 		Introduced from
 Europe,
 northern Africa,
Potentially invasive 		 
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat: No NY observations
USDA-XX
COL
POWO
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ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
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Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae

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VI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae G.Don, in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit. 376. 1830.

Most of the species of the three nested traditional sections Bicolores (4/4), Paniceae s.s. (24/26), and Laxiflorae (17/17) were combined into a larger sect. Paniceae. Although sect. Bicolores has been found to be monophyletic, it is nested in sect. Paniceae s.s., which is nested in sect. Laxiflorae.[1]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae >> sect. Bicolores

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Carex aurea
VI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae contains all 4 species of traditional sect. Bicolores globally.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Bicolores contains 4 species worldwide, all of which (C. aurea, C. bicolor, C. garberi, C. hassei) are found in North America, but only C. aurea and C. garberi are found in New York.[2]

Traditional sect. Bicolores contains two species that are found in New York State. The parigynia of C. aurea (golden-fruited sedge) are nearly spherical and turn bright orange when mature, while the those of the endangered C. garberi (elk sedge) turn glaucous white with age.[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Bicolores in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex garberi. Updated on: May 31, 2006
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Paniceae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Bicolores Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Nutt.

1818. Carex aurea Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl.
1823. Carex mutica R.Br. in J.Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea
1840. Neskiza aurea (Nutt.) Raf. in Good Book
1855. Carex pyriformis F.W.Schultz in Jahresber. Pollichia
1919. Carex aurea f. colorata Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci.

Golden-fruited sedge
Golden sedge
Pumpkin sedge
Carex doré 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8,
2n = 52 		 
NYFA: 30 counties
iNat: 14 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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 Fernald

1871. Carex aurea Nuttall androgyna Olney in S.Watson, Botany [Fortieth Parallel]
1935. Carex garberi Fernald in Rhodora 37:253
1935. Carex garberi var. bifaria (Fernald) Hultén in Ark. Bot
1968. Carex garberi ssp. bifaria Fernald in Rhodora 37:255

Elk sedge
Garber's sedge
False golden sedge
Carex de Garber 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
S1, G5,
NYNHP: 1[2]
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7 		 
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat: no NY reports
GBIF: no NY reports
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex garberi. May 31, 2006.

Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae >> sect. Paniceae

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Carex woodii
VI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae includes (in part) 24 of the 26 species of the traditional sect. Paniceae globally.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Paniceae contains about 14 (26) species worldwide, 10 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 7 of which are listed in New York.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Paul E. Rothrock, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Paniceae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Paniceae
Genus Carex sect. Paniceae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schkuhr

1806. Carex tetanica Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs.
1840. Olotrema tetanica (Schkuhr) Raf. in Good Book
1855. Carex multinervis Boeckeler in Flora 38
1858. Carex alveata Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex
1887. Carex tetanica var. canbyi Porter in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1888
1887. Carex tetanica var. carteri Porter in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1888
1894. Carex meadii Porter in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, nom. illeg.
1909. Carex tetanica f. canbyi (Porter) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr.

Rigid sedge
Common stiff sedge
Carex tétanique 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S4-S5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 24 counties
iNat: 3 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Dewey

1846. Carex woodii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2
1889. Carex tetanica var. woodii (Dewey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1909. Carex tetanica f. woodii (Dewey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr
1910. Carex colorata Mack. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club

Wood’s sedge ⓘ
Pretty sedge ⓘ
Purple-tinged sedge ⓘ
Wood's stiff sedge ⓘ
Carex de Wood ⓘ
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4, G4
FACU-UPL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 44 		 
NYFA: 18 counties
iNat: 6 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FNA
Images
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 (Wahlenb.) Willd.

1803. Carex limosa ssp. livida Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl.
1805. Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4.
1834. Carex grayana Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts
1840. Edritria livida (Wahlenb.) Raf. in Good Book
1865. Carex livida var. radicalis Paine in Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. NYS Cab. Nat. Hist.
1887. Carex confertospicata Boeckeler in Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
1922. Carex fujitae Kudô in J. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ.
1926. Carex livida var. grayana (Dewey) Fernald in Rhodora
1926. Carex livida var. rufiniformis Fernald in Rhodora

Livid sedge ⓘ
Pale sedge ⓘ
Lead-coloured sedge ⓘ
Carex livide ⓘ
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
S2, G5,
NYNHP: S2[2]
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 32 		 
NYFA: 8 counties
iNat: 3 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Dewey

1842. Carex meadii Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts
1848. Carex panicea J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual, nom. illeg.
1884. Carex meadii var. bebbii Arthur in Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci
1889. Carex tetanica var. meadii (Dewey) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1909. Carex douglasii f. meadii (Dewey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr

Mead's sedge ⓘ
Mead's stiff sedge ⓘ
Carex de Mead ⓘ
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
SH, G4-G5,
NYNHP: SH[3]
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: no NY observations
USDA-NN
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FSUS
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 Tausch
 var. vaginata

1806. Carex depauperata Hornem. in Fors. Oecon. Plantel., ed. 2
1812. Carex panicea var. sparsiflora Wahlenb. in Fl. Lapp.: 236
1821. Carex vaginata Tausch in Flora 4: 557
1821. Carex smithii Tausch in Flora 4: 559
1826. Carex panicea var. pauciflora Wahlenb. in Fl. Suecica
1830. Carex tetanica Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs, nom. illeg.
1840. Carex sparsiflora (Wahlenb.) Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2
1889. Carex saltuensis L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1912. Carex panicea ssp. vaginata (Tausch) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France

Sheathed sedge ⓘ
Carex engaîné ⓘ
Laiche engainante ⓘ
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
S1, G5,
NYNHP: S1[4]
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
USDA-NN
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 L.

1753. Carex panicea L. in Sp. Pl.: 977
1821. Trasus paniceus (L.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl.
1851. Carex pelia O.Lang in Linnaea
1852. Carex efflata Laest. ex Trevir. in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Ross.

Grass-like sedge ⓘ
Millet sedge ⓘ
Carnation sedge ⓘ
Pink-leaved sedge ⓘ
Carex faux-millet ⓘ
Laîche bleuâtre ⓘ
Laîche faux-panic ⓘ
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 Greenland
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XN
POWO
VASCAN
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b c New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex livida.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex meadii.
  4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex vaginata.

Subg. Carex > sect. Paniceae >> sect. Laxiflorae

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Carex laxiflora
VI.E.4. Carex sect. Paniceae includes (in part) all 17 species (globally) of traditional Carex section Laxiflorae. Phylogenetically, there is evidence that traditional sect. Paniceae is embedded within sect. Laxiflora.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Laxiflorae contains about 16 (17) species worldwide, 15 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2] About 8 of these are listed in New York State.[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Charles T. Bryson, Robert F. C. Naczi (2020). Carex sect. Laxiflorae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ Werier et al. (2024). Carex. New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Laxiflorae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Laxiflorae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Lam.

1792. Carex laxiflora Lam. in Encycl. 3:378
1805. Carex anceps Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4.
1817. Carex plantaginea Muhl. in Descr. Gram., nom. illeg.
1837. Carex nematosperma Willd. ex Kunth in Enum. Pl.
1840. Deweya anceps (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book

Broad loose-flowered sedge
Broad looseflower sedge
Loose-flowered sedge
Beech wood sedge
Two-edge sedge
Carex laxiflore 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
UPL-FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 40 		 
NYFA: 53 counties
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 Steud.

1855. Carex gracilescens Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:226
1858. Carex laxiflora var. gracillima Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:38

Slender loose-flowered sedge
Rather slender sedge
Slender wood sedge
Slender sedge
Slender rich woodland sedge
Carex grêle 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5?
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 33, 38, 40 		 
NYFA: 30 counties
iNat: St. Lawrence
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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FSUS
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 (Fernald) Fernald

1906. Carex laxiflora var. leptonervia Fernald in Rhodora 8:184
1914. Carex leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald in Rhodora 16:214
1889. Carex laxiflora var. varians L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:32
1901. Carex varians (L.H.Bailey) Hay, T.S.Palmer & C.D.White, not validly publ.
1909. Carex laxiflora f. varians (L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.)
1919. Carex blanda var. varians (L.H.Bailey) Burnham in Torreya 19: 133

Nerveless woodland sedge
Finely-nerved sedge
Few-nerved wood sedge
Northern woodland sedge
Ribless woodland sedge
Carex leptonervé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G4
FAC-FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 36 		 
NYFA: 45 counties
iNat: St. Lawrence
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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  Carex laxiflora ×
  Carex leptonervia
 Hybrid-of:
  Loose-flowered sedge
  Finely-nerved sedge 		Native,
Hybrid
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: Rensselaer (1997)
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Dewey

1826. Carex blanda Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10:45
1839. Carex anceps var. blanda (Dewey) Boott in W.J.Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer.
1840. Deweya blanda (Dewey) Raf. in Good Book: 26
1858. Carex laxiflora var. blanda (Dewey) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:37

Eastern woodland sedge
Common woodland sedge
Charming woodland sedge
Woodland sedge
Bland sedge
Carex lisse 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5?
FAC
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 30,32,34,36 		 
NYFA: 49 counties
iNat: 16 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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 E.Sheld.

1858. Carex laxiflora var. latifolia Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:38
1893. Carex albursina E.Sheld. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:284

White bear sedge
Blunt-scale wood Sedge
Carex du lac à l'Ours-Blanc
Carex de l'ours blanc 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 44 		 
NYFA: 32 counties
iNat: 11 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
FSUS
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 Wiegand

1922. Carex ormostachya Wiegand in Rhodora 24:196
1952. Carex laxiflora var. ormostachya (Wiegand) Gleason in Phytologia 4:22

Necklace spike sedge
Necklace-like spike sedge
Necklace-spike wood sedge
Carex en chapelet 		Native, CoC: 4,
Likely secure,
S4, G4
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 16 counties
iNat: St. Lawrence
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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 Michx.

1803. Carex striatula Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:173
1803. Carex heterosperma Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:151
1845. Carex anceps var. angustifolia Dewey in A.Wood, Class-book Bot.:423
1848. Carex anceps var. striatula (Michx.) J.Carey in A.Gray, Manual:554
1860. Carex laxiflora var. striatula (Michx.) Chapm. in Fl. South. U.S.:540
1861. Carex laxiflora var. angustifolia (Dewey) Dewey in A.Wood Class-book Bot.
1889. Carex laxiflora var. michauxii L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
1909. Carex laxiflora f. striatula (Michx.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.)

Lined sedge Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
SH, G4-G5,
NYNHP: SH[2]
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 36, 40 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: no NY observations
GBIF: historical in NY
USDA-N0
POWO
FSUS
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 Buckley

1843. Carex styloflexa Buckley in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 45:174
1858. Carex laxiflora var. styloflexa (Buckley) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:37
1922. Carex styloflexa var. remotiflora Wiegand in Rhodora 24: 200

Bent sedge
Curved style sedge 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
S1, G4-G5,
NYNHP: S1[3]
FAC-FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 48 		 
NYFA: 10 counties
iNat: Suffolk County
GBIF: historical in NY
USDA-N0
POWO
FSUS
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Images
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  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex striatula.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex styloflexa.

Subg. Carex > sect. Pictae

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Carex pedunculata
VI.G. Carex sect. Pictae Kük., in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 82. 1909.

Combines globally both traditional sect. Pictae species (C. baltzellii & C. picta) with 2 of the 46 traditional sect. Clandestinae species (C. pedunculata & C. erythrobasis).[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Pictae contains 2 species worldwide (C. baltzellii, C. picta), both of which are found in North America North of Mexico, but neither has been found to naturalize in New York.[2]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Clandestinae contains about 20 (46) species worldwide, 4 of which (C. concinna, C. concinnoides, C. pedunculata, C. richardsonii) are found in North America North of Mexico. Of these, only Carex pedunculata is known in New York.[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Peter W. Ball (2020). Carex sect. Pictae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ William J. Crins (2020). Carex sect. Clandestinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Pictae
Genus Carex fna-sect. Clandestinae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Muhl. ex Willd.
 ssp. pedunculata

1805 Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:222

Long-stalked sedge
Longstalk sedge
Pedunculate sedge
Peduncled sedge
Stalked sedge
Carex pédonculé 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5
FAC-OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 39 counties
iNat: 17 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
COL
WFO
POWO
FSUS
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Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade

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Carex lurida
VI.H.1. Hirta Clade contains all or parts of traditional sections Carex (16/18), Lupulinae (6/6), Paludosae (26/33), Squarrosae (2/4), and Vesicariae (49/49). These traditional sections are thought to represent largely monophyletic subclades. They share a number of morphological and habitat similarities and hybridize more readily than most other Carex groups.[1]
  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix

Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Paludosae

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Carex lacustris
VI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes 26 of the 33 species globally of traditional sect. Paludosae.

New York species of traditional sect. Paludosae were distributed as follows:[1]

  • VI.H.1. Hirta Clade  : C. houghtoniana, C. hyalinolepis, C. lacustris, C. lasiocarpa, C. pellita, C. striata
  • VI.M.2. sect. Paludosae : C. acutiformis
  • VI.M.3. Vestita Clade  : C. vestita

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Paludosae contains about 35 (33) species worldwide, 14 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2][3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling (2020). Carex sect. Paludosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Sect. Paludosae, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta
Genus Carex sect. Paludosae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.

1805. Carex lacustris Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 306
1817. Carex riparia Muhl. in Descr. Gram.: 259, nom. illeg.
1840. Anithista lacustris (Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 26
1840. Anithista riparia Raf. in Good Book: 26
1909. Carex riparia var. lacustris (Willd.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.) Pflanzenr.

Lake sedge
Lakeside sedge
Lakeshore sedge
Lakebank sedge
Common lake sedge
Lake-bank sedge
Hairy sedge
Carex lacustre 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 74 		 
NYFA: 46 counties
iNat: 18 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Ehrh.
 var. americana Fernald

1803. Carex lanuginosa Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:175
1888. Carex filiformis var. lanuginosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. in Prelim. Cat.
1896. Carex lanuginosa var. kansana Britton in N.L.Britton & A.Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S
1909. Carex lasiocarpa f. kansana (Britton) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr.
1909. Carex lasiocarpa var. lanuginosa (Michx.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr.
1939. Carex lasiocarpa ssp. lanuginosa (Michx.) R.T.Clausen & Wahl in Rhodora 41: 31
1942. Carex lasiocarpa var. americana Fernald in Rhodora 44:304
1950. Carex lanuginosa var. oriens Raymond in Naturaliste Canad. 77: 59
1959. Carex lasiocarpa ssp. americana (Fernald) Á.Löve & J.-P.Bernard in Svensk Bot.
1967. Carex lanuginosa var. americana (Fernald) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 94: 523

American woolly-fruited sedge
American woollyfruit sedge
Woolly-fruited sedge
Narrow-leaved woolly sedge
Slender sedge
Wiregrass
Carex à fruits tomenteux d'Amérique 		Native, CoC: 9,
Secure,
S5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 56 		 
NYFA: 38 counties
iNat: 9 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
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 Muhl. ex Willd.

1805. Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 302
1840. Diemisa pellita (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. in Good Book: 27
1946. Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia (Boeckler) Gilly in Iowa State Coll. J. Sci.

Woolly sedge
Broad-Leaved Woolly Sedge
Carex laineux 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
2n = 78 		 
NYFA: 33 counties
iNat: 10 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 Torr. ex Dewey

1836. Carex houghtoniana Torr. ex Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 30:63
1836. Carex houghtonii Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:413, orth. var.

Houghton's sedge
Houghton's woolly sedge
Sand sedge
Carex de Houghton 		Native, CoC: 5,
Threatened,
S2, G5,
NYNHP: S2[1]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 10 counties
iNat: Essex County
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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FNA
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 Michx.

1803. Carex striata Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:174
1824. Carex bullata Elliott in Sketch Bot. S. Carolina, nom. illeg.
1836. Carex polymorpha Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 413
1893. Carex walteriana L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:420
1893. Carex walteriana var. brevis (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey ... 20:429
1899. Carex striata var. brevis L.H.Bailey Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:34

Walter's sedge Native, CoC: 5,
Threatened,
S2, G4-G5,
NYNHP: S2[2]
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: Long Island
iNat: Suffolk County
GBIF: Long Island
USDA-N0
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
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  1. ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2023, Compiled by Richard M. Ring, New York Natural Heritage Program.
  2. ↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, March 2023, Compiled by Richard M. Ring, New York Natural Heritage Program.

Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Carex

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Carex trichocarpa
VI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes 16 of the 18 traditional sect. Carex species globally.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Carex contains about 10 (18) species worldwide, 5 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

Three of these Carex species are native or naturalized in New York State, including the introduced Carex hirta, which is the type species of this section, subgenus, and the Carex genus as a whole.

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling(2020). Carex sect. Carex in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta
Genus Carex sect. Carex Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Muhl. ex Willd.

1805. Carex trichocarpa Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:302
1909. Carex aristata ssp. trichocarpa Kük. Pflanzenr. (Engler) 4, Fam. 20:754

Hairy-fruited sedge
Hairy-Fruit Sedge
Hairy-Fruited Lake Sedge
Carex à fruits velus 		Native, CoC: 5,
Likely secure,
S4, G4
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 27 counties
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
COL
POWO
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 Spreng.

1823. Carex aristata R. Br. in J.Franklin Narr. Journey Polar Sea: 751, nom. illeg.
1826. Carex atherodes Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:828
1857. Carex aristata Siegert ex Wimm. in Fl. Schles., ed. 3: 72, nom. illeg.
1882. Carex hirta ssp. siegertiana (R.Uechtr.) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.:769
1885. Carex trichocarpa var. aristata L.H.Bailey in Bot. Gaz. 10:294

Wheat sedge
Awned sedge
Hairy-leaved lake sedge
Slough sedge
Carex épi-de-blé 		Native, CoC: 2,
Rare,
DEC-C[1],
NYNHP-3[2],
S3, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: 2 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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 L.

1753. Carex hirta L. in Sp. Pl.: 975
1807. Carex hirtiformis Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2:547
1812. Carex villosa Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 4:346
1821. Trasus hirtus (L) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 58 (1822)
1821. Trasus hirtus var. compositus Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 58 (1822)
1821. Trasus hirtus var. glaber Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 58 (1822)

Hairy sedge
Hammer sedge
Carex hérissé 		Introduced,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5 counties
iNat: 5 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-XX
POWO
FSUS
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FNA
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (c) Rare.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex atherodes. November 4, 2022

Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Vesicariae

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Carex comosa
VI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes all 49 species (globally) of traditional Carex sect. Vesicariae.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Vesicariae (including Pseudocypereae) contains about 45 (49) species worldwide, 19 of which are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

Perigynia glabrous, smooth. Lateral spikes usually pedunculate; lowermost inflorescence bracts sometimes with sheath; peduncles with prophyll at base. Terminal spike usually staminate or, sometimes, gynecandrous, staminate flowers then more numerous than pistillate; lateral spikes oblong, distinctly longer than wide; fresh perigynia green or slightly glaucous. Pistillate scales obtuse to acuminate or cuspidate. Style persistent on the achene.[3]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A.A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford (2020). Carex sect. Vesicariae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
  3. ↑ A.S.Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2024). Key to section Vesicariae, Flora of the southeastern United States Web App. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Vesicariae
Genus Carex sect. Vesicariae "scabrous-awned" group Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Wahlenb.

1803. Carex lurida Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:153
1805. Carex rostrata Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:282, nom. illeg.
1871. Carex purshii Olney in Car. Bor. Am.: 2

Sallow sedge
Lurid sedge
Shallow sedge
Carex luisant 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6 		 
NYFA: 57 counties
iNat: 56 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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 Britton

1860. Carex tentaculata var. gracilis Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 2:94
1889. Carex lurida var. gracilis (Boott) L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1(1):11
1895. Carex baileyi Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22:220

Bailey's sedge
Carex de Bailey 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G4
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 6 		 
NYFA: 30 counties
iNat: Cattaraugus, Essex, Ulster
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Boott

1824. Carex furcata Elliott in Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2:552, nom. illeg.
1846. Carex comosa Boott in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20:117
1867. Carex pseudocyperus var. comosa (Boott) Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 4:141

Bristly sedge
Bearded sedge
Longhair sedge
Carex à toupet 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: 56 counties
iNat: 46 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Muhl. ex Willd.

1805. Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:282
1840. Carex erinacea Muhl. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1:288
1845. Carex cooleyi Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 48:144
1855. Carex georgiana Dewey ex Steud. in Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:225
1861. Carex hystericina var. cooleyi (Dewey) Dewey in A.Wood, Class-book
1889. Carex hystericina var. dudleyi L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:54
1924. Carex hystericina f. dudleyi (L.H.Bailey) Wiegand in Rhodora 26: 2

Porcupine sedge
Bottlebrush sedge
Carex porc-épic 		Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: 48 counties
iNat: 20 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
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Images
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 L.
 var. pseudocyperus

1753. Carex pseudocyperus L. in Sp. Pl.: 978
1792. Carex reversa Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 2:549, opus utique oppr.
1801. Carex recurva Schkuhr in Beschr. Riedgräs. 1:120, nom. illeg.
1821. Trasus chlorostachyos Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit., nom. superfl.
1832. Carex punctulata R.Lesson ex A.Rich. in J.S.C.Dumont d'Urville, nom. illeg.
1858. Carex latifolia Sol. ex Boott in Ill. Gen. Carex 1:52, nom. illeg.
1867. Carex longibracteata Dulac in Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 57 (1867), nom. illeg.

Cyperus-like sedge
Cyperus sedge
Hop sedge 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 7 		 
NYFA: 30 counties
iNat: 7 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
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Images
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 Dewey ex Schwein.

1824. Carex schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 1:71
1829. Carex schweinitzia Eaton in Man. Bot., ed. 5:159, orth. var.

Schweinitz's sedge
Schweinitz's flatsedge
Carex de Schweinitz 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1],
S2-S3, G3,
NYNHP: S2-S3[2]
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: 20 counties
iNat: 4 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
ITIS
FNAFNA
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  Carex comosa ×
  Carex hystericina
 Hybrid bristly & porcupine sedge Native,
Hybrid
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: Chemung (1898), Seneca (1915)
Images
Wikispecies
  Carex hystericina ×
  Carex pseudocyperus
 Hybrid porcupine & cyperus-like sedge Native,
Hybrid
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: Seneca (1863)
Images
Wikispecies
  Carex hystericina ×
  Carex schweinitzii
 Hybrid porcupine & Schweinitz sedge Native,
Hybrid
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: Duchess, Oneida, Tompkins
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Carex sect. Vesicariae "awnless" group Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Schwein.

1824. Carex retrorsa Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:71
1826. Carex reversa Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:827
1866. Carex lupulina var. gigantoidea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:328
1906. Carex retrorsa var. robinsonii Fernald in Rhodora 8:201
1921. Carex retrorsa var. gigantoides Farw. in Rhodora 23:87
1959. Carex retrorsa var. multispicula Lepage in Naturaliste Canad. 86:6

Retrorse sedge
Backward-fruited sedge
Knotsheath sedge
Carex réfléchi 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 44 counties
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Dewey

1825. Carex bullata Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 9:71, nom. illeg.
1826. Carex bullata var. cylindracea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 11:315
1845. Carex tuckermanii var. cylindracea Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 49:48
1846. Carex tuckermanii Boott in London J. Bot. 5:73
1915. Carex tuckermanii var. niagarensis C.P.Sm. in Rhodora 17:57

Tuckerman's sedge
Carex de tuckerman 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G4
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 35 counties
iNat: 7 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Boott

1839. Carex utriculata Boott
1844. Carex rhynchophysa |Fisch. &al.
1849. Carex laevirostris Andersson

Beaked sedge
Northwest Territory sedge
Carex utriculé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
FNAFNA
Images
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 L.
 Blister sedge
Inflated sedge 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
FNA
Images
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 Michx.
 Few-seeded sedge Native, CoC: 10,
Vulnerable,
S4, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 18 counties
iNat: 6 counties
USDA-NN
Go Botany
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Schkuhr ex Willd.

1805. Carex bullata Schkuhr ex Willd.
1824. Carex cylindrica Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1:71
1858. Carex greenii Boeckeler in Flora 41:649
1860. Carex physema Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 29:347
1906. Carex bullata var. greenii (Boeckeler) Fernald in Rhodora 8:202

Button sedge Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
DEC-A[3],
S1, G5,
NYNHP: S1[4]
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8 		 
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat: Suffolk County
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
ITIS
FNAFNA
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex schweinitzii.
  3. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2024). Online Conservation Guide for Carex bullata.

Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Lupulinae

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Carex grayi
VI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes all 6 species of traditional sect. Lupulinae worldwide.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Lupulinae contains about 6 species worldwide, all of which are found in North America North of Mexico, and 4 which are listed in New York State. The sedges of sect. Lupulinae have the largest perigynia of all Carex species.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ A.A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Lupulinae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Lupulinae
Genus Carex sect. Lupulinae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Muhl. ex Willd.

1805. Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4:266
1866. Carex bella-villa Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:229
1866. Carex canadensis Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 41:229
1886. Carex lurida L.H.Bailey in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22:63
1900. Carex gigantea var. lupulina (Muhl. ex Willd.) Farw. in Rep. Parks Detroit
1921. Carex gigantea f. bella-villa (Dewey) Farw. in Rhodora 23:87

Hop sedge
Common hop sedge
Carex houblon 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 55 counties
iNat: 32 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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 Rudge

1803. Carex folliculata Wahlenb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24:152, nom. illeg.
1804. Carex intumescens Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 7:97
1813. Carex folliculata var. major Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:42
1893. Carex intumescens var. fernaldii L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:418
1942. Carex intumescens f. ventriosa Fernald in Rhodora 44:321

Bladder sedge
Greater Bladder sedge
Shining bur sedge
Swollen sedge
Carex gonflé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 54 counties
iNat: 54 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 J.Carey

1835. Carex intumescens var. globularis A.Gray in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 236
1847. Carex grayi J.Carey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 4:22
1889. Carex grayi var. hispidula A.Gray ex L.H.Bailey in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1:54
1893. Carex asa-grayi L.H.Bailey in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:427
1893. Carex asa-grayi var. hispidula (A.Gray ex L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey
1921. Carex grayi var. rariflora Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22:181

Gray's sedge ⓘ
Asa Gray's sedge ⓘ
Bur sedge ⓘ
Common bur sedge ⓘ
Gray's bur sedge ⓘ
Morning star sedge ⓘ
Carex de Gray ⓘ
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure,
S5
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-graminoid,
Part shade 		 
NYFA: 35 counties
iNat: 30 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
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VASCAN
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Sartwell ex Dewey

1850. Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 9:29

False hop sedge ⓘ
Hop-like sedge ⓘ
Knobbed hop sedge ⓘ
Knotted hop sedge ⓘ
Carex faux-lupulina ⓘ
Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
DEC-B[1],
NYNHP-2[2],
S2, G4
FACW-OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 19 counties
iNat: 3 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
LBJ
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (b) Threatened.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex lupuliformis. Threatened, S2/G4.

Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> sect. Squarrosae

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VI.H.1. Hirta Clade includes 2 species (Carex frankii and C. aureolensis) from the 4 species of traditional section Squarrosae globally.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Squarrosae contains about 4 species worldwide, 4 of which are found in North America North of Mexico. Three of these, C. frankii, C. squarrosa, and C. typhina, are native to New York, while C. aureolensis is a southern US native.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Bruce A. Ford, A. A. Reznicek (2020). Carex sect. Squarrosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta
Genus Carex fna-sect. Squarrosae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Kunth

1836. Carex stenolepis Torrey
1837. Carex frankii Kunth
1855. Carex shortii Steud.

Frank's sedge Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP-1[2]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 1
iNat: 5 counties
USDA-NN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Carex frankii. Endangered, S1/G5.

Subg. Carex > Hirta Clade >> intersectional hybrids

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VI.H.1. Hirta Clade intersectional hybrids.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex — clade Hirta
Genus Carex sect. Paludosae × Carex Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
  Carex lacustris (Paludosae) ×
  Carex trichocarpa (Carex)
 Hybrid of
 Lake-bank sedge &
 Hairy-fruited sedge 		Native,
Hybrid,
SNA, GNA 		 
NYFA: Yates County
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Carex sect. Lupulinae × Vesicariae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
  Carex lupulina (Lupulinae) ×
  Carex lurida (Vesicariae)
 Hybrid of
 Hop sedge &
 Sallow sedge 		Native,
Hybrid,
SNA, GNA 		 
NYFA: Wayne (1916)
Images
Wikispecies
  Carex lupulina (Lupulinae) ×
  Carex retrorsa (Vesicariae)
 Hybrid of
 Hop sedge &
 Backward-fruited sedge 		Native,
Hybrid,
SNA, GNA 		 
NYFA: Tompkiins (1884, 1938)
Images
Wikispecies

Subg. Carex > sect. Longirostres

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Carex sprengelii
VI.I.1. Carex sect. Longirostres (Kük.) Mack., N. Amer. Fl. 18: 297. 1935.

Contains only 3 of the 65 species of traditional sect. Hymenochlaenae globally (C. arnellii, C. hondoensis, C. sprengelii).[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Hymenochlaenae contains about 50-60 (65) species worldwide, 20 of which (including C. sprengelii) are found in North America North of Mexico.[2]

Of the 3 Carex sect. Longirostres species, only Carex sprengelii is listed in New York State.

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ Marcia J. Waterway (2020). Carex sect. Hymenochlaenae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae — Carex subg. Carex sect. Longirostres
Genus Carex fna-sect. Hymenochlaenae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Dewey ex Spreng.

1824. Carex longirostris Torr. ex Schwein. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N.Y. 1:71, nom. illeg.
1826. Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3:837
1864. Carex longirostris var. minor Boott in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15:78
1877. Carex longirostris var. microcystis Boeckeler in Linnaea 41:241

Long-beaked sedge
Longbeak sedge
Sprengel’s sedge
Carex de Sprengel 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure,
S5, G5?
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid,
Heliophily: 8,
2n = 42 		 
NYFA: 34 counties
iNat: 13 counties
GBIF: present in NY
USDA-NN
POWO
FSUS
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
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Subg. Carex > sect. Racemosae

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Carex buxbaumii
VI.I.2. Carex sect. Racemosae G.Don, in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit. 376. 1830.

Contains 69 of the 73 species of traditional Carex sect. Racemosae, including the two New York species and a few non-native species from other sections in subg. Carex.[1]

The traditional (FNA) Carex section Racemosae contains about 60 (73) species worldwide, 29 of which are found in North America North of Mexico, but only two (threatened & endangered) species are present in New York.[2]

  1. ↑ Global Carex Group: Roalson EH, Jiménez-Mejías P, et al (2021) A framework infrageneric classification of Carex (Cyperaceae) and its organizing principles. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 59:726–762. Main Article - Appendix
  2. ↑ David F. Murray (2020). Carex sect. Racemosae in: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico, 25+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23.
Poales — Cyperaceae — Cyperoideae — Cariceae —   — Carex subg. Carex sect. Racemosae
Genus Carex sect. Racemosae Sedge N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT