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Flora of New York/Juncaceae

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The latest reviewed version was checked on 3 December 2023. There is 1 pending change awaiting review.
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Family Juncaceae

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The rush family (Juncaceae) in New York consists of the rushes (Juncus) and the woodrushes (Luzula).

Luzula

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The genus Luzula (woodrush). The classification used here for Luzula the one used by the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN), which cites Kirschner et al. (2002)[1] for subgenera and section assignments.
  1. ↑ Jan Kirschner (2002) "Juncaceae 1: Rostkovia to Luzula." Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. Part 66: 1-237.

Luzula subg. Luzula

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Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Anthelaea
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Luzula luzuloides
Luzula sect. Anthelaea Griseb. (1846) contains about ten species, originating primarily in southwestern Europe, the Alps, and Macaronesia. Of these, only Luzula luzuloides has been reported outside of cultivation in New York.
Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Anthelaea
Genus Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Anthelaea Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott
 ssp. luzuloides
1776. Juncus nemorosus  Pollich
1787. Juncus luzula  Krock. nom. illeg.
1789. Juncus luzuloides  Lam.
1791. Juncus albidus  Hoffm.
1805. Luzula albida  (Hoffm.) DC.
1849. Luzula nemorosa  E.Mey.
1891. Juncoides nemorosa  (Pollich) Kuntze
1938. Luzula luzuloides  Dandy & Wilmott
 Forest woodrush,
Oak-forest woodrush,
White woodrush
Luzule blanche,
Luzule des bois,
Luzule des bosquets 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: 5,
 Invasive.org: [1],
Naturalized
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 4 counties
iNat
GBIF
1 county
USDA-XX
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Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae
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Luzula parviflora
Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae Satake (1938) contains about 12 species worldwide. Only one of those, Luzula parviflora, has been collected in New York. The New York Flora Atlas currently lists this taxon only at the species level, naming ssp. melanocarpa as a synonym. But a number of recent sources, including Kirschner (2002), list fastigiata, melanocarpa and parviflora as acceped subspecies of L. parviflora. Of these, only ssp. melanocarpa has a range that includes New York.
Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae
Genus Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Ehrh.) Desv.
 ssp. melanocarpa (Michx.) Hämet-Ahti
1803. Juncus melanocarpus  Michx.
1808. Luzula melanocarpa  (Michx.) Desv.
1880. Luzula parviflora  var. melanocarpa  Buchenau
1911. Juncoides parviflora  ssp. melanocarpa  Cockerell
1971. Luzula parviflora  ssp. melanocarpa  Hämet-Ahti
 Small-flowered rush,
Smallflowered woodrush,
Black-fruited woodrush
Luzule à fruits noirs 		Native, CoC: 6,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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Genus Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Diprophyllatae (excluded taxa) Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Ehrh.) Desv.
 ssp. parviflora
1791. Juncus parviflorus  Ehrh. p.p.
1808. Luzula parviflora  (Ehrh.) Desv. p.p.
1841. Luzula neglecta  Kunth
1893. Juncoides parviflora  (Ehrh.) Coville
1893. Juncoides parviflorum  (Ehrh.) Coville p.p.
1966. Luzula spadicea  f. parviflora  (Ehrh.) I.Grint
 Small-flowered woodrush,
Millet woodrush
Luzule parviflore 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Alpinae
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Luzula spicata
Luzula sect. Alpinae Chrtek & Křísa (1974) contains about 20 Arctic and high-mountain species from around the world. Of these, Luzula spicata is found only in North America, including the high-peaks of New York.
Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Alpinae
Genus Luzula sect. Alpinae Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) DC.
1753. Juncus spicatus  L.
1805. Luzula spicata  (L.) DC.
1823. Luzula spicata  var. compacta  E.Mey
1891. Juncoides spicata  (L.) Kuntze
1906. Luzula compacta  Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
1912. Luzula spicata  var. relaxa  Krylov
 Spiked wood-rush
Luzule en épi 		Native,
Endangered 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Luzula
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Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Luzula sect. Luzula
Genus Luzula sect. Luzula Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Ehrh.) Lej.
 ssp. multiflora
1790. Juncus campestris  var. multiflorus  Ehrh.
1791. Juncus multiflorus  Ehrh.
1811. Luzula multiflora  (Ehrh.) Lej.
 Common woodrush,
Many-flowered woodrush,
Field woodrush 		Native,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Small) F.J.Herm.
1901. Juncoides echinatum  Small
1913. Luzula campestris  var. echinata  Fernald & Wiegand
1938. Luzula echinata  (Small) F.J.Herm.
1938. Luzula echinata  var. mesochorea  F.J.Herm.
1970. Luzula multiflora  var. echinata  Mohlenbr.
 Woodrush,
Hedgehog woodrush 		Native,
Rare 		 
NYFA: 3
USDA-N0
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 (Alph.Wood) Smyth & L.C.Smyth
1868. Luzula campestris  var. bulbosa  Alph.Wood
1901. Juncoides bulbosum  Small
1912. Luzula bulbosa  (Alph.Wood) Smyth & L.C.Smyth
1938. Luzula multiflora  var. bulbosa  F.J.Herm.
 Southern woodrush,
Bulb woodrush,
Bulbous wood-rush 		Native,
Rare
NYFA: 3
USDA-N0
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 Sw.
1812. Juncus pallescens  Wahlenb. illeg.
1814. Luzula pallescens  Sw.
1822. Luzula pallescens  Besser illeg.
1823. Luzula campestris  var. pallescens  Wahlenb. illeg.
1844. Luzula multiflora  var. pallescens  (Sw.) W.D.J.Koch
1990. Luzula pallidula  Kirschner
 Pale European woodrush,
Eurasian woodrush,
Fen woodrush 		Introduced from
 N Eurasia[1][2] 		 
NYFA: 4
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Genus Luzula sect. Luzula (excluded taxa) Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Ehrh.) Lej.
 ssp. frigida (Buchenau) V.I.Krecz.
1898. Luzula campestris  var. frigida  Buchenau
1918. Luzula frigida  Sam. ex Lindm.
1928. Luzula multiflora  ssp. frigida  V.I.Krecz.
1937. Luzula multiflora  ssp. frigida  Sam. ex Hultén
 Common woodrush N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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 (L.) DC.
1805. Luzula campestris  (L.) DC.
 Field woodrush Introduced from
 Europe,
 northern Africa,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
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  1. ↑ Jan Kirschner (2002) "Juncaceae 1: Rostkovia to Luzula." Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. Part 6.
  2. ↑ NYFA lists Luzula pallidula (a syn. of Luzula pallescens) as as native of New York, but other sources don't specifically include North America in its native range.

Luzula subg. Pterodes

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Poales — Juncaceae — Luzula subg. Pterodes
Genus Luzula subg. Pterodes Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.
 ssp. acuminata
1829. Luzula pilosa  var. americana  Schult. & Schult.f.
1840. Luzula acuminata  Raf.
1903. Luzula saltuensis  Fernald
1910. Juncoides saltuensis  A.Heller
1938. Luzula carolinae  var. saltuensis  Fernald
1967. Luzula pilosa  var. saltuensis  B.Boivin
 Hairy woodrush,
Sharp-pointed woodrush
Luzule acuminée 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Genus Luzula subg. Pterodes (excluded taxa) Woodrush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.
 ssp. carolinae (S.Watson) Z.Kaplan
1879. Luzula carolinae  S.Watson
1891. Juncoides carolinae  (S.Watson) Kuntze
1944. Luzula acuminata  var. carolinae  (S.Watson) Fernald
1979. Luzula pilosa  var. carolinae  (S.Watson) B.Boivin
2001. Luzula acuminata  ssp. carolinae  (S.Watson) Z.Kaplan
 Carolina woodrush,
Hairy woodrush 		Native,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
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Juncus

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The genus Juncus (rush) ...

Juncus subg. Juncus

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J. Kirschner et al., "Juncaceae 2: Juncus subg. Juncus," Species Plantarum: Flora of the World Part 7: 1-336 (2002).
Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Graminifolii
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Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Graminifolii
Genus Juncus sect. Graminifolii Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Rostk.
1801. Juncus marginatus  Rostk.
1866. Juncus marginatus  var. vulgaris  Engelm.
1903. Juncus setosus  (Coville) Small
 Grassleaf rush,
Grass-leaved rush
Jonc marginé 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
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 Elliott
1817. Juncus biflorus  Elliott
1824. Juncus marginatus  var. odoratus  Torr.
1860. Juncus marginatus  var. biflorus  Chapm.
1903. Juncus aristulatus  var. biflorus  Small
 auct. Juncus aristulatus  non Michx. (1803)
 Bog rush,
Large grass-leaved rush 		Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[1]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
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Note: [2]
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus biflorus. Endangered, S1/G5.
  2. ↑ Flora of North America includes J. biflorus under J. marginatus, while Knapp & Naczi (2008), NRCS, ITIS, and NYFA all keep them separate, pending further research.
Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Iridifolii
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Juncus ensifolius
Juncus ensifolius has been considered native along the Delaware River and Endangered in New York State, but is now thought to be an introduced species in eastern North America.
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Iridifolii
Genus Juncus sect. Iridifolii Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Wikstr.
 var. ensifolius
1823. Juncus ensifolius  Wikstr.
 Ensiform rush,
Swordleaf rush,
Sword-leaved rush,
Dagger-leaved rush
Jonc à épées 		Introduced from
 temperate E Asia,
 western N. America,
Potentially invasive,
 Invasive.org: [2],
Naturalized
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-gaminoid 		 
NYFA: X1
NYFA: 2 counties
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Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Juncus
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Juncus maritimus
The only member of the Juncus section collected in New York was Juncus maritimus, a Eurasian species, found within the years 1880 to 1903 in Brooklyn. These have been the only vouchered reports of this species in North America.
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Juncus
Genus Juncus sect. Juncus Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Lam.
1789. Juncus maritimus  Lam.
 Sea rush,
Seaside rush
Jonc maritime 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 Macaronesia,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: Kings county
iNat
no observations
USDA-X0
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Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Stygiopsis
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Juncus stygius
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Stygiopsis
Genus Juncus sect. Stygiopsis Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. americanus (Buchenau) Hultén
1830. Scirpus stygius (L.) Ferber ex J.Fleisch. p.p.
1890. Juncus stygius  var. americanus  Buchenau
1943. Juncus stygius  ssp. americanus  Hultén
 American moor rush,
American bog rush,
Marsh rush
Jonc des tourbières,
Jonc d’Amérique 		Native,
No recent reports,
Endangered 		 
NYFA: Z
USDA-NN
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Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Ozophyllum
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Juncus articulatus
Juncus sect. Ozophyllum Dumort. (1827), the largest Juncus section, with about 84 species worldwide,[1] is well represented in New York, with about 15 mostly-native species. Four of these are considered endangered in the state. One member, Juncus diffusissimus, is considered to be a native to the south-central United States, and has only recently been discovered on Long Island.[2]
  1. ↑ J. Kirschner et al. (2002), "Juncaceae 2: Juncus subg. Juncus," Species Plantarum: Flora of the World Part 7: 1-336.
  2. ↑ Eric E. Lamont & Stephen M. Young (2005). "Juncus diffusissimus, an addition to the flora of New York, with notes on its recent spread in the United States." The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 132(4):635-643.
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Juncus sect. Ozophyllum
Genus Juncus sect. Ozophyllum Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.
1803. Juncus acuminatus  Michx.
1861. Juncus pondii  A.W.Wood
1867. Juncus acuminatus  var. legitimus  Engelm.
1880. Juncus pallescens  E.Mey. non Lam. 1789
 Sharp-fruit rush,
Sharp-fruited rush,
Tapertip rush,
Knotty-leaved rush
Jonc à tépales acuminés 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 L.
 ssp. articulatus
1753. Juncus articulatus  L.
1785. Juncus aquaticus  (L.) All.
1796. Juncus stolonifer  Wohll.
1800. Juncus lampocarpus  Ehrh. ex Hoffm.
1867. Juncus articulatus  var. obtusatus  Engelm.
1924. Juncus articulatus  var. stolonifer  (Wohll.) House
 Jointed rush,
Jointleaf rush
Jonc articulé,
Jonc à fruits luisants 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
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 (Engelm.) Buchenau
1867. Juncus canadensis  var. brachycephalus  Engelm.
1890. Juncus brachycephalus  Buchenau
 Small-head rush,
Short-headed rush
Jonc à têtes courtes,
Jonc à tête courte 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
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 (Engelm.) Fernald
1866. Juncus canadensis  var. brevicaudatus  Engelm.
1900. Juncus tweedyi  Rydb.
1904. Juncus brevicaudatus  Fernald
 Narrow-panicled rush,
Narrow-panicle rush,
Short-tailed rush
Jonc brévicaudé 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
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 J.Gay ex LaHarpe
1825. Juncus canadensis  J.Gay ex Laharpe
 Canada rush,
Canadian rush
Jonc du Canada 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 L.
1762. Juncus nodosus  L.
1822. Juncus rostkovii  E.Mey.
1944. Juncus nodosus  var. meridionalis  F.J.Herm.
 Knotted rush,
Jointed rush
Jonc noueux 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
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 E.Mey.
1823. Juncus pelocarpus  E.Mey.
1856. Juncus articulatus  var. pelocarpus  A.Gray
1860. Juncus abortivus  Chapm.
1866. Juncus pelocarpus  var. crassicaudex  Engelm.
1921. Juncus pelocarpus  var. sabulonensis  H.St.John
 Brownfruit rush,
Brown-fruited rush
Jonc à fruits bruns 		Native,
Secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 5
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 Chaix
 ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti
1785. Juncus alpinoarticulatus  Chaix (p.p.)
1928. Juncus alpinus  var. americanus  Farw.
1986. Juncus alpinoarticulatus  ssp. americanus  (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti
 Alpine rush,
Northern green rush
Jonc alpin,
Jonc des Alpes 		Native,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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Note: [1]
 Bigelow (1824)
 Bayonet rush,
Jointed bog rush 		Native,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 4
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 Coville
1843. Juncus nodosus  var. megacephalus  Torr.
1862. Juncus megacephalus  Alph.Wood (i)
1895. Juncus torreyi  Coville
 Torrey's rush,
Torrey rush
Jonc de Torrey 		Native,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 4-5
USDA-NN
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 (Engelm.) Coville & S.F. Blake
 Woods-rush,
Woodland rush,
Engelmann's rush
Jonc subcaudé 		Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[2]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 1
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 Engelm.
 Short-fruited rush,
Whiteroot rush 		Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[3]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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Weak rush Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[4]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
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 Lam.
 var. scirpoides
1789. Juncus scirpoides  Lam.
 Sedge rush,
Needlepod rush,
Needle-pod rush,
Round-headed rush 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[5]
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
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 Lsm.
 var. compositus R.M.Harper
Lobe-headed rush ⓘ
Native,
Historical 		 
NYFA: N
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 Buckley
 Slimpod rush,
Slim-podded rush,
Slim-fruited rush 		Introduced from
 southern US,
 midwestern US,
N. America native
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: X
NYFA: Suffolk
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Richmond?
USDA-N0
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  1. ↑ J. Kirschner et al. (2002) accept the Juncus alpinoarticulatus subspecies americanus and fuscesens, both of Hämet-Ahti (1986), as present in New York, but most other sources listed here find fault with all subspecific classifications of J. alpinoarticulatus to date.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus subcaudatus. Endangered, S1/G5.
  3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus brachycarpus. Endangered, S1/G4-5.
  4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus debilis. Endangered, S1/G5.
  5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Juncus scirpoides. Endangered, S1/G5.

Juncus subg. Agathryon

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Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Juncotypus
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Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Juncotypus
Genus Juncus sect. Juncotypus Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.
 ssp. littoralis (Engelm.) Snogerup
1866. Juncus balticus  var. littoralis  Engelm.
1878. Juncus arcticus  var. balticus  (Willd.) Trautv. misapplied
1931. Juncus litorum Rydb.
1953. Juncus arcticus  ssp. balticus  (Willd.) Hyl. misapplied
1962. Juncus arcticus  ssp. littoralis  Hultén
1979. Juncus arcticus  var. littoralis  B.Boivin
2002. Juncus balticus  ssp. littoralis  Snogerup
 Baltic rush,
Shoreline rush,
Mountain rush
Jonc des rivages 		Native,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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FNA
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 L.
1753. Juncus filiformis  L.
 Thread rush
Jonc filiforme 		Native,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
 Laharpe
1825. Juncus pylaei  Laharpe
1910. Juncus effusus  var. pylaei  Fernald & Wiegand
1921. Juncus effusus  var. costulatus  Fernald
 Common rush,
Soft rush 		Native,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-N0
VASCAN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 ssp. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand) Hämet-Ahti
1910. Juncus effusus  var. solutus  Fernald & Wiegand
1936. Juncus griscomii  Fernald
1980. Juncus effusus  ssp. solutus  Hämet-Ahti
 Common rush,
Soft rush 		Native,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-N0
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 L.
1753. Juncus conglomeratus  L.
1819. Juncus communis  var. conglomeratus  (L.) E.Mey.
1867. Juncus effusus  var. conglomeratus  (L.) Engelm.
1931. Juncus effusus  var. caeruleomontanus  H.St.John
 auct. Juncus effusus  var. compactus  non Lej. & Courtois
 Compact rush,
Bunch-flowered soft rush 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 NW Africa 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-N0
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 L.
1753. Juncus inflexus  L.
1794. Juncus glaucus  Ehrh. ex Sibth.
1813. Juncus tenax  Poir.
1813. Juncus tenax  var. glaucus  Poir.
1825. Juncus glaucescens  Laharpe
 Blue rush,
European meadow rush
Jonc courbé 		Introduced from
 Africa,
 Eurasia 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
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Wikispecies
Genus Juncus sect. Juncotypus (excluded taxa) Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. effusus
1753. Juncus effusus  L.
1819. Juncus communis  E. Mey.
1824. Juncus conglomeratus  var. effusus  (L.) Kostel.
 Common rush,
Common soft rush 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
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FNA
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LBJ
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 (Buchenau) Nakai
1890. Juncus effusus  var. decipiens  Buchenau
1928. Juncus decipiens  (Buchenau) Nakai
1946. Juncus effusus  ssp. decipiens  (Buchenau) Weim.
 Lamp rush,
Corkscrew rush 		Introduced from
 Asia,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
Tropicos
EOL IUCN Red List: [3] Images
Wikispecies
 Willd.
1799. Juncus arcticus  Willd.
1809. Juncus balticus  Willd. p.p.
1848. Juncus andicola  Hook.
 Arctic rush
Jonc arctique 		N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
OBL-FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-MN
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ARS-GRIN
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 ssp. balticus
1809. Juncus balticus Willd.
1878. Juncus arcticus  var. balticus  (Willd.) Traut. misapplied
1896. Juncus balticus  var. tenuis  H.Lindb.
1902. Juncus balticus  var. lesueurii  Gelert
 Baltic rush
Jonc de la Baltique 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Kew WCSP
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Steirochloa
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Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Steirochloa
Genus Juncus sect. Steirochloa Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.
1799. Juncus tenuis  Willd.
1800. Juncus gracilis  Sm. nom. illeg.
1803. Juncus bicornis  Michx.
1821. Juncus macer  Gray
1824. Juncus gesneri  Sm. nom. illeg.
1828. Juncus tenuis  var. bicornis  E.Mey.
1828. Juncus tenuis  var. multicornis  E.Mey.
1835. Juncus tenuis  ssp. bicornis  P.Fourn.
1841. Juncus smithii  Kunth nom. illeg.
 Path rush,
Slender rush,
Poverty rush
Jonc grêle,
Jonc ténu 		Native, CoC: 0,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 (Wiegand) R.E.Brooks
1900. Juncus tenuis  var. anthelatus  Wiegand
1930. Juncus macer  var. anthelatus  Fernald
1938. Juncus macer  f. anthelatus  F.J.Herm.
1938. Juncus macer  f. discretiflorus  F.J.Herm.
1945. Juncus tenuis  f. discretiflorus  Fernald
1999. Juncus anthelatus  (Wiegand) R.E.Brooks
 Wiegand's rush,
Greater poverty rush,
Giant path rush
Jonc branchu 		Native, CoC: 2,
Unranked,
SNR
FACW 		 
NYFA: U
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 Wiegand
1900. Juncus dudleyi  Wiegand
1925. Juncus tenuis  var. uniflorus  Farw.
1935. Juncus tenuis  ssp. dudleyi  (Wiegand) P.Fourn.
1944. Juncus tenuis  var. dudleyi  (Wiegand) F.J.Herm.
 Dudley's rush Native, CoC: 2,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 Oakes & Tuck.
1843. Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck.
 Greene's rush Native, CoC: 4,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 Loisel.
 var. gerardi
1809. Juncus gerardii Loisel.
1809. Juncus gerardi Loisel.
 Black-grass rush,
Saltmeadow rush,
Saltmarsh rush 		Native, CoC: 9,
Secure 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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 P.Beauv. ex Poir.
1813. Juncus secundus  P.Beauv. ex Poir.
1866. Juncus tenuis  var. secundus  (P.Beauv. ex Poir.) Engelm.
 Lopsided rush,
Secund rush 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure 		 
NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
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 Elliott
1817. Juncus dichotomus  Elliott
1841. Juncus cognatus  Kunth
 Forked rush Native, CoC: 10,
Vulnerable,
S2, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 3?
USDA-N0
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 Songeon & E.P. Perrier
1859. Juncus ranarius  Songeon & E.P. Perrier
1827. Juncus ambiguus  Guss. misapplied syn. Juncus hybridus
1904. Juncus bufonius  var. halophilus  Buchenau & Fernald
1917. Juncus bufonius  var. ranarius  (Songeon & E.P.Perrier) Farw.
1978. Juncus ambiguus  T.A.Cope & C.A.Stace nom. illeg.
 Frog rush,
Seasice rush,
Seaside rush,
Seaside toad rush 		Native,
Endangered 		 
NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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 Jacq.
 Flattened rush,
Roundfruit rush,
Round-fruited rush 		Introduced from
 Eurasia 		 
NYFA: X
USDA-XX
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Genus Juncus sect. Steirochloa (excluded taxa) Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Engelm.
1866. Juncus vaseyi Engelmann
1967. Juncus greenei  var. vaseyi  (Engelm.) B. Boivin
 Vasey's rush N. America native,
excluded
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
FNA
Tropicos
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Wikispecies
Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Tenageia
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Juncus bufonius - toad rush,
inflorescence
Poales — Juncaceae — Juncus subg. Agathryon sect. Tenageia
Genus Juncus sect. Tenageia Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Toad rush Native, CoC: 1,
Secure
FACW 		 
NYFA: 5
USDA-NN
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Genus Juncus sect. Tenageia (excluded taxa) Rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mack.
1929. Juncus coriaceus  Mack.
 Leathery rush N. America native,
N.Y. excluded 		 
NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
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Oreojuncus

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Poales — Juncaceae — Oreojuncus
Genus Oreojuncus Highland rush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Zav.Drabk. & Kirschner
1753. Juncus trifidus  L. (i)
1762. Juncus monanthos  Jacq.
1825. Juncus trifidus  var. pleianthos  (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.
1901. Juncus alpestris  (L.) Bubani (i)
2013. Oreojuncus trifidus  (L.) Zav.Drabk. & Kirschner
 Highland rush Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened
FACU
Perennial,
Graminoid 		 
NYFA: 2
USDA-NN
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Tropicos
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LBJ
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