Flora of New York/Boraginales

Family BoraginaceaeEdit

The Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family)...

Subfamily BoraginoideaeEdit

Tribe EritrichieaeEdit

HackeliaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Hackelia
Hackelia Opiz	Stickseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M.Johnst. 1753. Myosotis virginiana L. 1818. Echinospermum virginicum (L.) Lehm. 1819. Rochelia virginiana (L.) Roem.& Schult. 1888. Echinospermum Virginianum (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1891. Lappula Virginiana (L.) Greene 1891. Cynoglossospermum virginicm (L.) Kuntze 1923. Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M.Johnst.	Virginia stickseed, Beggars lice, Stickseed Hackélia de Virginie, Hackélie de Virginie, Bardanette de Virginie	Native, C:4, Secure FACU Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz ssp. americana (A. Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1882. Echinospermum deflexum var. americanum 1891. Lappula deflexa var. americana 1897. Lappula americana Rydb. 1924. H. deflexa var. americana 1938. H. americana Fernald 1975. Lappula deflexa ssp. americana 1982. H. deflexa ssp. americana	Nodding stickseed, American stickseed	Native, C:10, Endangered Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Trop. Images, wsp

MertensiaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Mertensia
Mertensia	Bluebells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link 1753. Pulmonaria virginica L. 1797. Mertensia pulmonarioides Roth 1829. Mertensia virginica Pers. ex Link	Eastern bluebells, Virginia bluebells, Roanoke-bells, Virginia cowslip Mertensia de Virginie	Native, C:7, Likely secure FAC-FACW			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Mertensia (excluded taxa)	Bluebells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don. Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don.	Tall bluebells	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NSE BNA Images, wsp
Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray Pneumaria maritima (L.) Hill	Oysterleaf Oysterplant Seaside bluebells Sea bluebells	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp

AmsinckiaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Amsinckia
Amsinckia	Fiddleneck	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. A. menziesii var. intermedia	Coast fiddleneck, Common fiddleneck, Intermediate fiddleneck, Rancher's fiddleneck, Coast buckthorn	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-NN Images, wsp
Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm.	Bugloss fiddle-neck, Tarweed fiddleneck	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-NN Images, wsp
Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F.Macbr. yyyy. Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F.Macbr.	Small-flowered fiddleneck Menzies' fiddleneck	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-NN Images, wsp

LappulaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Lappula
Lappula	Stickseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. 1753. Myosotis lappula L. 1781. Myosotis squarrosa Retz. 1827. L. squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.	European stickseed Bluebur Bur-forget-me-not	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, Naturalized Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS Images, wsp
Lappula occidentalis (S.Watson) Greene 1891. Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene misapplied 1895. L. redowskii var. occidentalis 1899. L. occidentalis (S.Watson) Greene	Western stickseed Flatspine stickseed Flat-spined stickseed Flat-spined sheepburr	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Lappula (excluded taxa)	Stickseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene 1813. Myosotis redowskii Hornem. 1891. Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene	Redowski's stickseed	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp

AsperugoEdit

Asperugo is a monotypic genus, containing only Asperugo procumbens, commonly known as madwort.

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Asperugo
Asperugo L.	Madwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Asperugo procumbens L.	Madwort German madwort	Introduced, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

Tribe BoragineaeEdit

AnchusaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Anchusa
Anchusa	Bugloss	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. Lycopsis arvensis	Small alkanet Small bugloss Annual bugloss	Introduced Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Anchusa azurea Mill. Anchusa italica	Garden alkanet Italian bugloss	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Anchusa officinalis L.	Common alkanet Common bugloss	Introduced, Naturalization unknown			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

BoragoEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Borago
Borago	Borage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Borago officinalis L. 1753. Borago officinalis L.	Borage Common borage	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa, Unk. naturalization Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XW NPT ARS Images, wsp

BrunneraEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Brunnera
Brunnera	Brunnera	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I.Johnst.	Large-leaved brunnera, Siberian bugloss	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp

PulmonariaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Pulmonaria
Pulmonaria	Lungwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Pulmonaria saccharata Mill.	Bethlehem lungwort	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

SymphytumEdit

Symphytum officinale
common comfrey

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Symphytum
Symphytum	Comfrey	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphytum officinale L. S. uliginosum auct. non Kern.	Common comfrey	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Symphytum asperum Lepechin	Prickly comfrey	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp

Tribe LithospermeaeEdit

LithospermumEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Lithospermeae — Lithospermum
Lithospermum	Stoneseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lithospermum latifolium Michx.	American gromwell, American stoneseed	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Lithospermum parviflorum Weakley, Witsell & D.Estes 1905. Onosmodium hispidissimum Mack. 1972. O. molle ssp. hispidissimum B.Boivin 1995. O. bejariense var. hispidissimum 2011. L. parviflorum Weakley, et al. 0000. L. carolinianum auct. non Lam.	Hairy false gromwell, Shaggy false gromwell, Softhair marbleseed, Soft-hair marbleseed	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN ARS Trop. Images, wsp Note: ^[1]
Lithospermum virginianum L. 1753. Lithospermum virginianum L. 1846. Onosmodium virginianum A.DC. 1905. O. virginianum var. hirsutum Mack.	Virginia false gromwell, Wild Job's tears	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-N ARS Trop. Images, wsp Note: ^[1]
Lithospermum caroliniense (Walter ex J.F. Gmel.) MacMill. var. croceum	Carolina puccoon, Plains puccoon	Native, Endangered, No recent reports			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp
Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Batschia canescens Michx.	Hoary puccoon	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp
Lithospermum officinale L.	European gromwell, European stoneseed	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
↑ ^a ^b In 2011, because Onosmodium was found to be embedded within Lithospermum, Alan S. Weakley, et. al. transfered the species of Onosmodium to (in some cases back to) Lithospermum.J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 437 – 455. 2011 ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Lithospermum virginianum. Endangered, S1/Gx.

MyosotisEdit

Myosotis laxa
smaller forget-me-not

Of the seven forget-me-not (Myosotis L.) species reported in New York State, two of them (M. laxa and M. verna) are native.

The genus name is from the Greek muosōtis meaning "mouse ear", based on the shape of the leaves.

Forget-me-not flowers have 5 petals and 5 sepals, and are generally little more than 1/4-inch in diameter.

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Lithospermeae — Myosotis
Myosotis L.	Forget-me-not	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Myosotis laxa Lehm. 1818. Myosotis laxa Lehm.	Smaller forget-me-not Bay forget-me-not Small forget-me-not Small-flowered forget-me-not Tufted forget-me-not Myosotis laxiflore Myosotis à petite fleur	Native, C:3, Secure OBL Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS LBJ Images, wsp
Myosotis verna Nutt. 1818. Myosotis verna Nutt. 1888. Myosotis virginica (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Spring forget-me-not Spring scorpion grass	Native, C:5, Secure FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Myosotis scorpioides L. 1753. Myosotis scorpioides L. 1753. M. scorpioides var. palustris 1756. M. palustris (L.) Nathh.	Water forget-me-not True forget-me-not Forget-me-not	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, Naturalized, Cultivated OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill 1753. M. scorpioides var. arvensis 1764. M. arvensis (L.) Hill	Field forget-me-not, Rough forget-me-not	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, northern Africa, Naturalized FACU-UPL Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Images, wsp
Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 1788. M. scorpioides var. sylvatica 1791. M. sylvatica Hoffm. 1794. M. alpestris F.W.Schmidt 1825. M. oblongata Link	Woodland forget-me-not Wood forget-me-not Garden forget-me-not	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, tropical Asia, Naturalized UPL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. 1819. Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. auct. Myosotis micrantha non Pall. ex Lehm.	Small-flowered forget-me-not Strict forget-me-not Upright forget-me-not	Introduced from Europe, northwest Africa Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Images, wsp
Myosotis discolor Pers. Myosotis discolor Pers. Myosotis versicolor (Pers.) Sm.	Yellow and blue forget-me-not Changing forget-me-not	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can Images, wsp

BuglossoidesEdit

Buglossoides arvensis
corn gromwell

Buglossoides is a Eurasian genus with only the single species corn gromwell (Buglossoides arvensis) known to have naturalized in North America, including New York. It is listed as a noxious weed in Washington State.^[1]

Other Buglossoides species, including B. purpurocaerulea, B. tenuiflora, and B. zollingeri, have likely been cultivated in North America, but have not been widely reported to have naturalized.^[2]

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Lithospermeae — Buglossoides
Buglossoides Moench (1782)	Buglossoides	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst. 1753. Lithospermum arvense L. 1952. B. arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst.	Corn gromwell Corn-gromwell	Introduced from Europe, Asia, northern Africa, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS BNA Images, wsp

Tribe CynoglosseaeEdit

AndersonglossumEdit

Andersonglossum boreale
northern wild comfrey

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Cynoglosseae — Andersonglossum
Cynoglossum	Hound's-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Andersonglossum boreale (Fernald) Jim. Mejías, J.I.Cohen & Naczi 1905. Cynoglossum boreale Fernald 1984. C. virginianum var. boreale 2010. C. virginianum ssp. boreale 2017. Andersonglossum boreale (Fernald) Jim. Mejías, J.I.Cohen & Naczi	Northern wild comfrey, Wild hound's-tongue, Wild comfrey	Native, C:8, Endangered Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1-2 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp Note: CA^[1]
Cynoglossum virginianum L. 1753. Cynoglossum virginianum L. 1984. C. virginianum var. virginianum 2010. C. virginianum ssp. virginianum 2015. Andersonglossum virginianum (L.) J.I.Cohen	Southern wild comfrey, Southern hound's-tongue, Wild comfrey, Giant-forget-me-not	Native, C:10?, Endangered Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
↑ Conservation Assessment for Northern Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider). USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region (2005)

CynoglossumEdit

Cynoglossum officinale
common hound’s tongue

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Cynoglosseae — Cynoglossum
Cynoglossum	Hound's-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cynoglossum officinale 1753. Cynoglossum officinale L.	Houndstongue, Common hound’s tongue	Introduced Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Cynoglossum amabile 1906. Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm.	Chinese hound's tongue, Chinese-forget-me-not	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp

Tribe EchieaeEdit

EchiumEdit

Echium vulgare
common viper's bugloss

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Echieae — Echium
Echium	Viper's bugloss	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Echium vulgare L.	Common viper's bugloss, Blue-weed, Blue devil	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XW NPT Images, wsp
Echium (excluded taxa)	Viper's bugloss	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X NPT
Echium plantagineum L. Echium lycopsis L. p.p.	Salvation jane, Paterson's curse	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			USDA-X Images, wsp
Echium pustulatum Sm. Echium vulgare var. pustulatum	Bluedevil, Blue-weed, Viper's-bugloss	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Subfamily HydrophylloideaeEdit

HydrophyllumEdit

Hydrophyllum virginianum
Virginia waterleaf

Hydrophyllum contains eight species of waterleaf, all native to North America, including two that are native to New York.

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Hydrophylloideae — Hydrophyllum
Hydrophyllum	Waterleaf	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. ssp. virginianum 1753. Hydrophyllum virginianum L. 1942. H. virginianum var. atranthum	Virginia waterleaf, John's cabbage, Eastern water-leaf, Shawnee-salad, Indian-salad	Native, C:6, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Hydrophyllum canadense L. 1759. Hydrophyllum canadense L.	Bluntleaf waterleaf, Blunt-leaved waterleaf, Broad-leaf waterleaf, Canada waterleaf, Hairy waterleaf, Maple-leaved waterleaf Hydrophylle du Canada	Native, C:8, Secure FACW-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Hydrophyllum (excluded taxa)	'	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X NPT
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum	Great waterleaf	N. America native midwest & south, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp

EllisiaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Hydrophylloideae — Ellisia
Ellisia	Ellisia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. 1753. Ipomoea nyctelea L. 1762. Polemonium nyctelea L. 1763. Ellisia nyctelea L. 1913. Nyctelea nyctelea Britton	Waterpod, Aunt Lucy, False babyblueeyes, Nyctelea	Native, C:10, Likely extirpated FAC-UPL Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

PhaceliaEdit

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Hydrophylloideae — Phacelia
Phacelia	Scorpion-weed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel. & Small var. dubia 1753. Polemonium dubium L. 1888. Phacelia dubia Trel. & Small	Small-flowered scorpionweed, Smallflower phacelia	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 NEW-0 ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Phacelia campanularia A.Gray 1878. Phacelia campanularia A.Gray 1925. Phacelia minor var. campanularia Jeps.	Desert scorpion-weed, Desert bluebells, California bluebell	Introduced, from Arizona, from California			NYFA-X USDA-NX ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Phacelia ciliata Benth. 1835. Phacelia ciliata Benth.	Great valley scorpion-weed, Great valley phacelia	Introduced, from California			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Trop. Images, wsp

Subfamily HeliotropioideaeEdit

HeliotropiumEdit

Heliotropium europaeum
European heliotrope

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Heliotropioideae — Heliotropium
Heliotropium	Heliotrope	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heliotropium europaeum L.	European heliotrope Héliotrope d'Europe	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Australia (?), Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Heliotropium (excluded taxa)	Heliotrope	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heliotropium curassavicum L. var. curassavicum	Licorice-weed, Salt heliotrope, Seaside heliotrope	Introduced, US South native, Impersistent			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Heliotropium indicum L.	Indian heliotrope, Indian turnsole	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Heliotropium arborescens L.	Garden heliotrope	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 Images, wsp

← Solanales	Flora of New York — Boraginales				→ Lamiales 1
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

[Weakley-1] In 2011, because Onosmodium was found to be embedded within Lithospermum, Alan S. Weakley, et. al. transfered the species of Onosmodium to (in some cases back to) Lithospermum.J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 437 – 455. 2011

[2] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Lithospermum virginianum. Endangered, S1/Gx.

[3] Kartesz, J.T., The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2015. Buglossoides North American Plant Atlas. (http://bonap.net/napa). Chapel Hill, N.C.

[4] Species of Buglossoides. U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

[5] Conservation Assessment for Northern Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider). USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region (2005)

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