Flora of New York/Boraginales

Family Boraginaceae

The Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family)...

Subfamily Boraginoideae

Tribe Eritrichieae

Hackelia

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Hackelia
Genus Hackelia Opiz	Stickseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M.Johnst. 1753. Myosotis virginiana L. 1818. Echinospermum virginicum (L.) Lehm. 1819. Rochelia virginiana (L.) Roem.& Schult. 1888. Echinospermum Virginianum (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1891. Lappula Virginiana (L.) Greene 1891. Cynoglossospermum virginicm (L.) Kuntze 1923. Hackelia virginiana (L.) I.M.Johnst.	Virginia stickseed, Beggars lice, Stickseed Hackélia de Virginie, Hackélie de Virginie, Bardanette de Virginie	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACU Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz ssp. americana (A. Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve 1882. Echinospermum deflexum var. americanum 1891. Lappula deflexavar. americana 1897. Lappula americana Rydb. 1924. H. deflexavar. americana 1938. H. americana Fernald 1975. Lappula deflexassp. americana 1982. H. deflexassp. americana	Nodding stickseed, American stickseed	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Mertensia

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Mertensia
Genus Mertensia	Bluebells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link 1753. Pulmonaria virginica L. 1797. Mertensia pulmonarioides Roth 1829. Mertensia virginica Pers. ex Link	Eastern bluebells, Virginia bluebells, Roanoke-bells, Virginia cowslip Mertensia de Virginie	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FAC-FACW		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Genus Mertensia (excluded taxa)	Bluebells	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don. Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don.	Tall bluebells	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray Pneumaria maritima (L.) Hill	Oysterleaf Oysterplant Seaside bluebells ⓘ Sea bluebells	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Amsinckia

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Amsinckia
Genus Amsinckia	Fiddleneck	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. A. menziesii var. intermedia	Coast fiddleneck, Common fiddleneck, Intermediate fiddleneck, Rancher's fiddleneck, Coast buckthorn	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm.	Bugloss fiddle-neck, Tarweed fiddleneck	Introduced, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F.Macbr. yyyy. Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F.Macbr.	Small-flowered fiddleneck ⓘ Menzies' fiddleneck ⓘ	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Lappula

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Lappula
Genus Lappula	Stickseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. 1753. Myosotis lappula L. 1781. Myosotis squarrosa Retz. 1827. L. squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.	European stickseed Bluebur Bur-forget-me-not	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, Naturalized Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Lappula occidentalis (S.Watson) Greene 1891. Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene misapplied 1895. L. redowskii var. occidentalis (S.Watson) Rydb. 1899. L. occidentalis (S.Watson) Greene	Western stickseed Flatspine stickseed Flat-spined stickseed Flat-spined sheepburr	Introduced, N. America native, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Lappula (excluded taxa)	Stickseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene 1813. Myosotis redowskii Hornem. 1891. Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene	Redowski's stickseed	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies

Asperugo

Asperugo is a monotypic genus, containing only Asperugo procumbens, commonly known as madwort.

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Eritrichieae — Asperugo
Genus Asperugo L.	Madwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Asperugo procumbens L.	Madwort German madwort	Introduced, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Tribe Boragineae

Anchusa

Anchusa arvensis

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Anchusa
Genus Anchusa	Bugloss	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. 1753. Lycopsis arvensis L. 1808. Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb. 1911. Lycopsis arvensis ssp. occidentalis Kusn. 1927. Anchusa rigolei Sennen 1928. Anchusa guculeacii Sennen 1940. Anchusa arvensis ssp. occidentalis (Kusn.) Nordh.	Small alkanet ⓘ Small bugloss ⓘ Annual bugloss	Introduced from Europe, Potentially invasive, GRIIS-US: Invasive, Unknown naturalization Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X NYFA: 6 counties iNat GBIF no observations	USDA-XX POWO Images Wikispecies
Anchusa azurea Mill. Anchusa italica	Garden alkanet ⓘ Italian bugloss ⓘ	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Anchusa officinalis L.	Common alkanet ⓘ Common bugloss	Introduced, Highly invasive, Unknown naturalization		NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties 0 counties	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Borago

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Borago
Genus Borago	Borage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Borago officinalis L. 1753. Borago officinalis L.	Borage ⓘ Common borage ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, western Asia, northern Africa, Unknown naturalization Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Brunnera

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Brunnera
Genus Brunnera	Brunnera	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I.Johnst.	Large-leaved brunnera, Siberian bugloss	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Pulmonaria

Pulmonaria saccharata

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Pulmonaria
Genus Pulmonaria	Lungwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Pulmonaria saccharata Mill.	Bethlehem lungwort	Introduced, Unknown naturalization, Invasive.org: [1], GRIIS-US: Present		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Symphytum

Symphytum officinale
common comfrey

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Boragineae — Symphytum
Genus Symphytum	Comfrey	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphytum officinale L. S. uliginosum auct. non Kern.	Common comfrey	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Symphytum asperum Lepechin	Prickly comfrey	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Tribe Lithospermeae

Lithospermum

John Torrey's Flora of the State of New York Volume 2, plate 8

Lithospermum species are generally known as gromwells, stoneseeds, or puccoons.

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Lithospermeae — Lithospermum
Genus Lithospermum	Stoneseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lithospermum latifolium Michx.	American gromwell, American stoneseed	Native, CoC: 8, Vulnerable, S2, G4		NYFA: 3 iNat	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lithospermum parviflorum Weakley, Witsell & D.Estes 1905. Onosmodium hispidissimum Mack. 1959. O. molle var. hispidissimum (Mack.) Cronquist 1972. O. molle ssp. hispidissimum (Mack.) B.Boivin 1976. O. molle ssp. hispidissimum (Mack.) Cochrane (isonym) 1995. O. bejariense var. hispidissimum (Mack.) B.L. Turner 2009. Lithospermum onosmodium in… 2011. Lithospermum parviflorum in…	Shaggy marbleseed ⓘ Soft-hairy false gromwell ⓘ Hairy false gromwell Shaggy false gromwell Soft-hair marbleseed ⓘ	Native, CoC: 10, Historical, SH, G4-G5-T4 Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3-4	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Lithospermum virginianum L. 1753. Lithospermum virginianum L. 1846. Onosmodium virginianum A.DC. 1905. O. virginianumvar. hirsutum Mack.	Virginia marbleseed ⓘ Virginia false gromwell Wild Job's tears	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G4, NYNHP: 1^[2] Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	USDA-N ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Lithospermum croceum Fernald 1791. Batschia caroliniensis J.F. Gmel. 1892. Lithospermum caroliniense in… 1935. Lithospermum croceum Fernald 1991. L. caroliniense var. croceum (Fernald) Cronquist L. caroliniense ssp. croceum (Fernald) Cusick	Fernald’s puccoon Carolina puccoon Plains puccoon	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, No recent reports, SH, G4-G5-T5 Perennial, Herb-forb		Monroe, Niagara NYFA: Z	USDA-NN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lithospermum officinale L.	European gromwell, European stoneseed	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Genus Lithospermum (excluded taxa)	Stoneseed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Batschia canescens Michx. Lithospermum canescens in…	Hoary puccoon	North America native, N.Y. excluded		excluded NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ ^a ^b In 2011, because Onosmodium was found to be embedded within Lithospermum, Alan S. Weakley, et. al. transfered the species of Onosmodium to (in some cases back to) Lithospermum.J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 437 – 455. 2011 ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Lithospermum virginianum. Endangered, S1/Gx.

Myosotis

Myosotis laxa

Of the seven forget-me-not (Myosotis L.) species reported in New York State, two of them (M. laxa and M. verna) are native.

The genus name is from the Greek muosōtis meaning "mouse ear", based on the shape of the leaves.

Forget-me-not flowers have 5 petals and 5 sepals, and are generally little more than 1/4-inch in diameter.

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Lithospermeae — Myosotis
Genus Myosotis L.	Forget-me-not	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Myosotis laxa Lehm. 1818. Myosotis laxa Lehm.	Smaller forget-me-not ⓘ Bay forget-me-not ⓘ Small forget-me-not ⓘ Small-flowered forget-me-not ⓘ Tufted forget-me-not ⓘ Myosotis laxiflore Myosotis à petite fleur	Native, CoC: 3, Secure OBL Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS LBJ Images Wikispecies
Myosotis verna Nutt. 1818. Myosotis verna Nutt. 1888. Myosotis virginica (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Spring forget-me-not ⓘ Spring scorpion grass ⓘ	Native, CoC: 5, Secure FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies
Myosotis scorpioides L. 1753. Myosotis scorpioides L. 1753. Myosotis scorpioides var. palustris L. 1756. Myosotis palustris (L.) Nathh.	Water forget-me-not ⓘ True forget-me-not ⓘ Forget-me-not ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, Invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill 1753. Myosotis scorpioides var. arvensis L. 1764. Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill	Field forget-me-not, Rough forget-me-not	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized FACU-UPL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 1788. Myosotis scorpioides var. sylvatica Ehrh. nom. nud. 1791. Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 1794. Myosotis alpestris F.W.Schmidt 1825. Myosotis oblongata Link	Woodland forget-me-not Wood forget-me-not ⓘ Garden forget-me-not ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, tropical Asia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [3], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized UPL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies
Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. 1819. Myosotis stricta Link ex Roem. & Schult. auct. Myosotis micrantha non Pall. ex Lehm.	Blue forget-me-not ⓘ Small-flowered forget-me-not Strict forget-me-not ⓘ Upright forget-me-not ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, northwest Africa, Naturalized, USGS: L48 established, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Myosotis discolor Pers. 1791. Myosotis collina Hoffm. 1798. Myosotis discolor Pers. 1805. Myosotis arvensis var. versicolor Pers. 1813. Myosotis versicolor (Pers.) Sm. 1857. Myosotis fallacina Jord. ex Boreau 1917. Myosotis lutea var. versicolor (Pers.) J.F.Macbr.	Yellow and blue forget-me-not ⓘ Changing forget-me-not ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, Azores to Medit., Potentially invasive, USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized, SNA UPL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X NYFA: 4 counties GBIF 3 counties	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany VASCAN Images Wikispecies

Buglossoides

Buglossoides arvensis

Buglossoides is a Eurasian genus with only the single species corn gromwell (Buglossoides arvensis) known to have naturalized in North America, including New York. It is listed as a noxious weed in Washington State.^[1]

Other Buglossoides species, including B. purpurocaerulea, B. tenuiflora, and B. zollingeri, have likely been cultivated in North America, but have not been widely reported to have naturalized.^[2]

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Lithospermeae — Buglossoides
Genus Buglossoides Moench (1782)	Buglossoides	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst. 1753. Lithospermum arvense L. 1829. Rhytispermum arvense (L.) Link 1840. Margarospermum arvense (L.) Decne. 1952. Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst.	Corn gromwell ⓘ Corn-gromwell ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, Asia, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [4], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized, SNA, GNR, Herb-forb		NYFA: X NYFA: 34 counties GBIF 3 counties	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies

Tribe Cynoglosseae

Andersonglossum

Andersonglossum boreale
northern wild comfrey

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Cynoglosseae — Andersonglossum
Genus Cynoglossum	Hound's-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Andersonglossum boreale (Fernald) Jim. Mejías, J.I.Cohen & Naczi 1905. Cynoglossum boreale Fernald 1984. C. virginianumvar. boreale 2010. C. virginianumssp. boreale 2017. Andersonglossum boreale (Fernald) Jim. Mejías, J.I.Cohen & Naczi	Northern wild comfrey, Wild hound's-tongue, Wild comfrey	Native, CoC: 8, Endangered Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1-2	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: CA^[1]
Cynoglossum virginianum L. 1753. Cynoglossum virginianum L. 1984. C. virginianumvar. virginianum 2010. C. virginianumssp. virginianum 2015. Andersonglossum virginianum (L.) J.I.Cohen	Southern wild comfrey, Southern hound's-tongue, Wild comfrey, Giant-forget-me-not	Native, CoC: 10?, Endangered Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: Z	USDA-N0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
↑ Conservation Assessment for Northern Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider). USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region (2005)

Cynoglossum

Cynoglossum officinale
common hound’s tongue

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Cynoglosseae — Cynoglossum
Genus Cynoglossum	Hound's-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cynoglossum officinale 1753. Cynoglossum officinale L.	Houndstongue, Common hound’s tongue	Introduced, Potentially invasive Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Cynoglossum amabile 1906. Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R. Drumm.	Chinese hound's tongue, Chinese-forget-me-not	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Tribe Echieae

Echium

Echium vulgare
common viper's bugloss

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Boraginoideae — Echieae — Echium
Genus Echium	Viper's bugloss	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Echium vulgare L. 1753. Echium vulgare L. 1800. Echium lusitanicum Georgi 1831. Echium molle Petter ex Rchb. 1962. Echium spinescens G.Klotz	Viper's bugloss ⓘ Common viper's-bugloss ⓘ Blueweed Blue-weed Blue devil blue echium ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [5], GRIIS-US: Invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X iNat GBIF	USDA-XW Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Genus Echium (excluded taxa)	Viper's bugloss	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	X NPT
Echium vulgare L. ssp. pustulatum (Sm.) E.Schmid & Gams 1806. Echium pustulatum Sm. 1887. Echium argentae Pau 1927. Echium vulgare ssp. pustulatum (Sm.) E.Schmid & Gams 1950. Echium vulgare ssp. argentae (Pau) Font Quer 1983. Echium vulgare var. argentae (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo	Bluedevil, Blue-weed, Viper's-bugloss	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Echium plantagineum L. 1754. Echium lycopsis L. p.p. 1768. Echium lusitanicum Mill. 1771. Echium plantagineum L. 1791. Echium creticum Lam. 1976. Echium creticum ssp. plantagineum (L.) Malag.	Salvation jane Paterson's curse Lady Campbell-weed ⓘ	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		iNat GBIF	USDA-X Images Wikispecies
Echium creticum L. 1753. Echium creticum L.	Cretan viper's bugloss ⓘ	Introduced, N.Y. excluded, Not listed in NY Flora Atlas		NYFA: Not listed iNat GBIF No NY observations	Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Hydrophylloideae

Hydrophyllum

Hydrophyllum virginianum
Virginia waterleaf

Hydrophyllum contains eight species of waterleaf, all native to North America, including two that are native to New York.

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Hydrophylloideae — Hydrophyllum
Genus Hydrophyllum	Waterleaf	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrophyllum virginianum L. ssp. virginianum 1753. Hydrophyllum virginianum L. 1942. H. virginianumvar. atranthum	Virginia waterleaf, John's cabbage, Eastern water-leaf, Shawnee-salad, Indian-salad	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Hydrophyllum canadense L. 1759. Hydrophyllum canadense L.	Bluntleaf waterleaf, Blunt-leaved waterleaf, Broad-leaf waterleaf, Canada waterleaf, Hairy waterleaf, Maple-leaved waterleaf Hydrophylle du Canada	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACW-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Genus Hydrophyllum (excluded taxa)		N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrophyllum appendiculatum	Great waterleaf ⓘ	N. America native midwest & south, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies

Ellisia

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Hydrophylloideae — Ellisia
Genus Ellisia	Ellisia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. 1753. Ipomoea nyctelea L. 1762. Polemonium nyctelea L. 1763. Ellisia nyctelea L. 1913. Nyctelea nyctelea Britton	Waterpod, Aunt Lucy, False babyblueeyes, Nyctelea	Native, CoC: 10, Likely extirpated FAC-UPL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Phacelia

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Hydrophylloideae — Phacelia
Genus Phacelia	Scorpion-weed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel. & Small var. dubia 1753. Polemonium dubium L. 1888. Phacelia dubia Trel. & Small	Small-flowered scorpionweed, Smallflower phacelia	Native, Likely extirpated		NYFA: Z	USDA-N0 Go Botany-0 ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Phacelia campanularia A.Gray 1878. Phacelia campanularia A.Gray 1925. Phacelia minor var. campanularia Jeps.	Desert scorpion-weed, Desert bluebells, California bluebell	Introduced, from Arizona, from California		NYFA: X	USDA-NX ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Phacelia ciliata Benth. 1835. Phacelia ciliata Benth.	Great valley scorpion-weed, Great valley phacelia	Introduced, from California		NYFA: X	USDA-N0 Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Heliotropioideae

Heliotropium

Heliotropium europaeum
European heliotrope

Boraginales — Boraginaceae — Heliotropioideae — Heliotropium
Genus Heliotropium	Heliotrope	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heliotropium europaeum L.	European heliotrope Héliotrope d'Europe	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Australia (?), Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Genus Heliotropium (excluded taxa)	Heliotrope	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heliotropium curassavicum L. var. curassavicum	Licorice-weed, Salt heliotrope, Seaside heliotrope	Introduced, US South native, Impersistent		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 Images Wikispecies
Heliotropium indicum L.	Indian heliotrope, Indian turnsole	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Heliotropium arborescens L.	Garden heliotrope	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

[Weakley-1] In 2011, because Onosmodium was found to be embedded within Lithospermum, Alan S. Weakley, et. al. transfered the species of Onosmodium to (in some cases back to) Lithospermum.J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5(2): 437 – 455. 2011

[2] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Lithospermum virginianum. Endangered, S1/Gx.

[3] Kartesz, J.T., The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2015. Buglossoides North American Plant Atlas. (http://bonap.net/napa). Chapel Hill, N.C.

[4] Species of Buglossoides. U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

[5] Conservation Assessment for Northern Wild Comfrey (Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider). USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region (2005)

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