Flora of New York/Apiales

← Millerieae, Madieae, Eupatorieae	Flora of New York — Apiales				→ Dipsacales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

In New York State, the order Apiales is represented by the ginseng family (Araliaceae) and the carrot family (Apiaceae).

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Subtribe	Genera	G	T
Apiales	Araliaceae	Aralioideae	Hedereae	—	Hedera (English ivy)	1	1
		Aralioideae	Aralieae	—	Aralia (spikenard, sarsaparilla, angelica tree) Panax (ginseng) Eleutherococcus (five-leaved aralia)	3	8
		Hydrocotyloideae	—	—	Hydrocotyle (water pennywort)	1	5
	Apiaceae	Saniculoideae	Saniculeae	—	Sanicula (sanicle, black snakeroot) Eryngium (eryngo, coyote thistle)	2	7
		Apioideae	Oenantheae	—	Sium (water-parsnip) Cicuta (water-hemlock) Cryptotaenia (honewort) Ptilimnium (mock bishop-weed, herb-william) Lilaeopsis (grasswort) Oxypolis (cowbane, stiff cowbane, water dropwort) Berula (water parsnip)	7	8
			Scandiceae	Scandicinae	Osmorhiza (sweetroot, sweet-cicely) Chaerophyllum (chervil) Anthriscus (chervil, cow parsley)	3	6
				Daucinae	Daucus (wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace)	1	1
				Torilidinae	Torilis (hedge parsley)	1	1
			Careae	—	Carum (caraway, anise) Aegopodium (goutweed, ground elder)	2	2
			Pimpinelleae	—	Pimpinella (burnet-saxifrage)	1	2
			Coriandreae	—	Coriandrum (coriander)	1	1
			Apieae	—	Apium (celery) Anethum (dill) Foeniculum (fennel) Levisticum (lovage) Petroselinum (parsley)	4	4
			Tordylieae	—	Heracleum (cow parsnip, hogweed) Pastinaca (parsnip)	2	4
			Selineae	—	Taenidia (yellow pimpernel) Zizia (golden Alexanders) Angelica (angelica) Ligusticum (licorice-root) Thaspium (meadow-parsnip) Aethusa (fool's parsley) Peucedanum (masterwort)	7	11
			(unplaced)	—	Conioselinum (hemlock-parsley) Erigenia (pepper-and-salt) Conium (poison hemlock)	3	3

Family AraliaceaeEdit

The Araliaceae (ginseng family)

Subfamily AralioideaeEdit

Tribe AralieaeEdit

AraliaEdit

Three sections of Aralia are found in New York.^[1]

↑ Wen, J. (2011). "Systematics and Biogeography of Aralia L. (Araliaceae): Revision of Aralia Sects. Aralia, Humiles, Nanae, and Sciadodendron." Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 57:1-172. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23493230

Aralia sect. NanaeEdit

Aralia nudicaulis L.
wild sarsaparilla

Aralia sect. Nanae contains wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), a small understory shrub whose rhizomes have been used to flavor soft drinks. However, commercially available sarsaparilla drinks have traditionally been made from Smilax ornata, which is native to Mexico and Central America.

Apiales — Araliaceae — Aralioideae — Aralieae — Aralia sect. Nanae
Aralia sect. Nanae	Sarsaparilla	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aralia nudicaulis L. 1753. Aralia nudicaulis L.	Wild sarsaparilla, American sarsaparilla, Virginia sarsaparilla Angélique à tige nue, Salsepareille	Native, C:6, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS Images, wsp

Aralia sect. AraliaEdit

Aralia racemosa L.
spikenard

Apiales — Araliaceae — Aralioideae — Aralieae — Aralia sect. Aralia
Aralia sect. Aralia	Spikenard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aralia racemosa L. 1753. Aralia racemosa L.	Spikenard, American spikenard, Small spikenard, Life-of-man, Petty-morel	Native, C:7, Secure FACU Perennial, Subshrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Aralia sect. DimorphanthusEdit

Aralia spinosa L.
devil’s walking stick, Hercules’s club

Sect. Dimorphanthus is disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and eastern North America with only two of it's 29 species native to North America. Both of these native species are present in New York, along with one Asian introduction.

One distinguishing characteristic of this section is that all members bear prickles on their stems, while the species of all other Aralia sections remain unarmed.^[1]

The native Aralia spinosa (devil's walkingstick) is similar in appearance to the exotic invasive Aralia elata (Japanese Angelica tree). Reports of Aralia spinosa in the New York City area are probably Aralia elata.^[2]

Apiales — Araliaceae — Aralioideae — Aralieae — Aralia sect. Dimorphanthus
Aralia sect. Dimorphanthus	Angelica-tree	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aralia hispida Vent. 1801. Aralia hispida Vent.	Bristly sarsaparilla, Bristly spikenard Aralie hispide, Salsepareille	Native, C:6, Likely secure Perennial, Subshrub			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Aralia spinosa L.	Devil's walking-stick, Hercules'-club, Angelica-tree	Native, C:4, Endangered, Note:^[1] FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-4 USDA-N0 NPT Can-0 Images, wsp
Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. Dimorphanthus elatus Miq. Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.	Japanese angelica-tree, Japanese aralia, Japanese Hercules'-club Aralie élevée, Aralia élevé, Angélique du Japon	Introduced from temperate Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 80%^[2], Prohibited^[3], NE-4^[4]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017: Changes Since the June 2010 Rare Plant Status Lists: Aralia spinosa: G5 S1 ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Aralia elata: Very high (80). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

PanaxEdit

Panax trifolius - dwarf ginseng

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), is widely collected for use as a medicinal herb.^[1] Note that is illegal to harvest American ginseng from State Lands.^[2]

Apiales — Araliaceae — Aralioideae — Aralieae — Panax
Panax	Ginseng	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Panax trifolius L. 1753. Panax trifolium L. 1854. Aralia trifolia (L.) Decne.& Planch. 1872. Ginseng trifolium (L.) Alph.Wood	Dwarf ginseng, Groundnut Ginseng à trois folioles, Panace à trois folioles, Petit ginseng	Native, C:8, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA IPN Images, wsp
Panax quinquefolius L. 1718. Aureliana canadensis Lafit. pre-Lin. 1753. Panax quinquefolium L. 1838. Panax americanus Raf. 1854. Aralia quinquefolia (L.) Decne.& Planch. 1871. Ginseng quinquefolium (L.) Alph.Wood	American ginseng, Five-leaved ginseng, Occidental ginseng, Redberry Ginseng à cinq folioles, Ginseng d'Amérique, Grand ginseng, Panace à cinq folioles	Native, C:9, Vulnerable Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA IPN Images, wsp

EleutherococcusEdit

Eleutherococcus sieboldianus
five-leaved aralia

The National Park Service considers Five-leaf Aralia to be a potential or emerging threat to natural areas in the mid-Atlantic region.^[1]

↑ Chris Traft & Mark Frey (2012) "Invasive Plant Alert: Five-leaf Aralia." National Park Service, National Capital Region Exotic Plant Management Team, Washington, DC.

Apiales — Araliaceae — Aralioideae — Aralieae — Eleutherococcus
Eleutherococcus	Thorny ginseng	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eleutherococcus sieboldianus (Makino) Koidz. 1881. Acanthopanax pentaphyllus Marchal 1898. Acanthopanax sieboldianus Makino 1914. E. pentaphyllus (Marchal) Nakai 1939. E. sieboldianus (Makino) Koidz.	Five-leaved aralia	Introduced, Potentially invasive			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Tribe HedereaeEdit

HederaEdit

Ivies (Hedera spp.) are primarily native to Eurasia and northern Africa. Outside of their native ranges, some can become invasive, as Hedera helix is considered to be in New York. However both of these ivies are considered invasive at various locations throughout North America.^[1]

Apiales — Araliaceae — Aralioideae — Hedereae — Hedera
Hedera	Ivy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hedera helix L. ssp. helix 1753. Hedera helix L 1830. Hedera canariensis Willd. 1830. H. helix var. canariensis DC. 1913. H. helix ssp. canariensis Cout.	English ivy Lierre commun, Lierre	Introduced from temperate Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 66%^[2], CP-3^[3] IPA			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Hedera (excluded)	Ivy	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hedera hibernica (G.Kirchn.) Bean 1864. Hedera helix var. hibernica G.Kirchn. 1890. Hedera hibernica Carrière invalid 1914. Hedera hibernica (G.Kirchn.) Bean 1987. Hedera helix ssp. hibernica McClint.	Atlantic ivy, Irish ivy Lierre d'Irlande	Introduced from Europe, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X0 ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ Patterson Clark (2013). "Ivy: You say helix, I say hibernica." Urban Jungle column in The Washington Post. February 19, 2013. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hedera helix: Moderate (66). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

Subfamily HydrocotyloideaeEdit

HydrocotyleEdit

Apiales — Araliaceae — Hydrocotyloideae — Hydrocotyle
Hydrocotyle	Water pennywort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrocotyle americana L. 1753. Hydrocotyle americana L.	American marsh-pennywort, American water-pennywort	Native, C:6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Hydrocotyle umbellata L. 1753. Hydrocotyle umbellata L.	Many-flowered marsh-pennywort, Many-flowered pennywort, Dollarweed	Native, C:10, Rare			NYFA-3 USDA-N? NPT Images, wsp
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. 1782. H. ranunculoides L.f.	Floating pennywort	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 Images, wsp
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. var. verticillata 1798. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb.	Whorled pennywort, Whorled marsh-pennywort	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 NPT Images, wsp
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. H. fetherstoniana 1798. H. verticillata var. fetherstoniana	European marsh-pennywort, Common pennywort, Pennywort	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Z USDA-00 NPT EOL Images, wsp
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. H. sibthorpioides Lam. H. rotundifolia Roxburgh ex DC.	Lawn marsh-pennywort	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-Xn USDA-X0 Images, wsp
Hydrocotyle batrachium Hance H. batrachium Hance	Open-leaved marsh pennywort	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-Xn USDA-X0 Images, wsp

Family ApiaceaeEdit

The Apiaceae (carrot family)...

Subfamily SaniculoideaeEdit

Tribe SaniculeaeEdit

SaniculaEdit

Sanicula marilandica L.
Maryland sanicle

Apiales — Apiaceae — Saniculoideae — Saniculeae — Sanicula
Sanicula	Sanicle / black snakeroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sanicula marilandica L. 1753. S. marilandica L.	Maryland sanicle, Maryland snakeroot, Black snakeroot	Native, C:6, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Sanicula canadensis L. var. canadensis 1753. S. canadensis L. 1824. S. marilandica var. canadensis	Short-styled sanicle, Canadian blacksnakeroot, Canada sanicle	Native, C:7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Sanicula canadensis var. grandis Fernald 1940. S. canadensis var. grandis	Big-fruited Canada sanicle,, Big-fruited Canada snakeroot	Native, C:7, Historical			NYFA-H USDA-N NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M.Pryer & L.R.Phillippe 1817. Triclinium odoratum Raf. 1895. S. gregaria E.P.Bicknell 1989. S. odorata (Raf.) K.M.Pryer & L.R.Phillippe	Clustered sanicle, Clustered black snakeroot, Common black snakeroot	Native, C:7, Secure FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Sanicula trifoliata E.P. Bicknell	Large-fruited sanicle, Large-fruited snakeroot, Beaked snakeroot	Native, C:?, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ITIS Images, wsp

EryngiumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Saniculoideae — Saniculeae — Eryngium
Eryngium	Eryngo	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eryngium aquaticum	Marsh rattlesnake master	Native, No recent reports			NYFA-Z Images, wsp
Eryngium planum	Plain coyote-thistle, Plains eryngo	Introduced Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp
Eryngium (excluded taxa)	Eryngo	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eryngium maritimum	Seaside coyote-thistle	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.	Button eryngo Button snake-root Rattlesnake master	N. America native, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Subfamily ApioideaeEdit

Heracleum maximum
cow parsnip

The organization used here for the Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae is based on Downie (2010).^[1]

↑ Stephen R. Downie, Krzysztof Spalik, Deborah S. Katz-Downie and Jean-Pierre Reduron (2010). "Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences." Plant Div. Evol. 128: 111–136.

Tribe BupleureaeEdit

BupleurumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Bupleureae — Bupleurum
Bupleurum	'	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1240 NPT
Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Bupleurum rotundifolium L.	Hare’s ear Thoroughwax	Introduced, Not naturalized Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-m USDA-X NPT Images, wsp

Tribe ErigenieaeEdit

ErigeniaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Erigenia
Erigenia	Erigenia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erigenia bulbosa	Harbinger-of-spring, Pepper-and-salt	Native, C:9, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp

Tribe OenantheaeEdit

SiumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Sium
Sium	Waterparsnip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sium suave Walter 1788. Sium suave Walter 1789. Sium cicutifolium Schrank 1987. Sium suave var. floridanum C.F. Reed	Hemlock water-parsnip, Water-parsnip, Water-parsley	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp

CicutaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Cicuta
Cicuta	Water-hemlock	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cicuta bulbifera	Bulb-bearing water-hemlock, Bulblet-bearing water hemlock, Bulbous waterhemlock	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Cicuta maculata var. maculata	Spotted water hemlock, Poison hemlock, Beaver-poison, Musquash-root, Spotted cowbane	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA- NPT Images, wsp

CryptotaeniaEdit

Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.
Canada honewort

Cryptotaenia is a small genus with a single North American native, known as Canada honewort, which inhabits rich moist forests and thickets.

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Cryptotaenia
Cryptotaenia	Honewort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 1753. Sison canadense L. 1829. Cryptotaenia canadensis DC. 1891. Deringa canadensis Kuntze	Canada honewort	Native, C:6, Secure FAC			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT ARS Images, wsp

PtilimniumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Ptilimnium
Ptilimnium	Mock-bishopweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. 1803. Ammi capillaceum Michx. 1829. Discopleura capillacea DC. 1830. Ptilimnium capillaceum Raf.	Mock bishop-weed, Threadleaf mockbishopweed, Atlantic mock bishop-weed, Herbwilliam	Native, Rare			NYFA-3 USDA-N0 NPT Images, wsp

LilaeopsisEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Lilaeopsis
Lilaeopsis	Grasswort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lilaeopsis chinensis (L.) Kuntze 1753. Hydrocotyle chinensis L. 1803. Hydrocotyle lineata Michx. 1818. Crantzia lineata Nutt. 1891. Lilaeopsis lineata Greene 1898. Lilaeopsis chinensis Kuntze	Eastern grasswort, Eastern lilaeopsis	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NPT ARS Images, wsp

OxypolisEdit

Oxypolis rigidior
stiff cowbane

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Oxypolis
Oxypolis Raf.	Cowbane	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. 1753. Sium rigidius L. 1830. Oxypolis rigidior Raf.	Stiff cowbane, Water-dropwort	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. Images, wsp

BerulaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Oenantheae — Berula
Berula	Waterparsnip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Berula erecta	Cutleaf water parsnip, Water parsnip	Native, No recent reports			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp

Tribe ScandiceaeEdit

Subtribe ScandicinaeEdit

OsmorhizaEdit

Osmorhiza claytonii
bland sweet-cicely

The two native species of Osmorhiza (sweet cicely or sweetroot) can be distinguished by the ultimate number of divisions of their umbels and by the strength of anise odor from their roots and foliage. Usually, O. claytonii has 4-8 flowers and a slight anise odor, while O. longistylis has 9-18 flowers and a strong anise odor.

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Scandiceae — Scandicinae — Osmorhiza
Osmorhiza	Sweet cicely	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B.Clarke 1803. Myrrhis claytonii Michx. 1830. Osmorhiza brevistylis DC. 1879. Osmorhiza claytonii C.B.Clarke 1897. Washingtonia claytonii Britton 1916. Scandix claytonii Koso-Pol.	Bland sweet-cicely, Hairy sweet cicely, Clayton's sweetroot, Seet jarvil	Native, C:7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can iNat ARS ITIS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. 1824. Myrrhis longistylis Torr. 1830. Osmorhiza longistylis DC. 1897. Washingtonia longistylis Britton	Long-styled sweet-cicely, Longstyle sweetroot, Aniseroot, Smooth sweet cicely, Wild licorice	Native, C:7, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT iNat ARS ITIS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp

ChaerophyllumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Scandiceae — Scandicinae — Chaerophyllum
Chaerophyllum	Chervil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz var. procumbens 1753. Scandix procumbens L. 1767. C. procumbens (L.) Crantz	Spreading chervil	Native, C:10, Endangered FACW			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NEW-0 BNA Images, wsp

AnthriscusEdit

Anthriscus sylvestris

Highly invasive Wild chervil or cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) has been spreading throughout the state along roadsides, forest edges, and stream and river banks, often forming dense stands. It may well have been overlooked in places where it has not yet been recorded.^[1]

↑ Michael Hough (2019). Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York. p. 397.

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Scandiceae — Scandicinae — Anthriscus
Anthriscus Pers.	Chervil	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.	Wild chervil, Cow parsley	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 79%^[1], Prohibited^[2], CP-3^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT iNat Images, wsp
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. A. longirostris Bertol. Cerefolium cerefolium Scandix cerefolium L.	Common chervil, Garden chervil	Introduced, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb. A. neglecta var. scandix A. scandicina Mansf. (i)	Bur chervil	Introduced, Not naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Anthriscus sylvestris: High (79). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Proposed Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

Subtribe DaucinaeEdit

DaucusEdit

Daucus carota

Wild carrot (Daucus carota), ancestor to the cultivated carrot, has edible roots when young, but they soon become quite woody.

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Scandiceae — Daucinae — Daucus
Daucus	Wild-carrot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Daucus carota L. 1753. Daucus carota L. 1753. D. gingidium L. 1813. D. aegyptiacus Hornem. 1843. D. abyssinicus C.A.Mey.	Wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace, Bird's nest Carotte sauvage, Carotte, Carotte potagère, Dauce carotte	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa UPL Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Subtribe TorilidinaeEdit

TorilisEdit

Torilis japonica

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Scandiceae — Torilidinae — Torilis
Torilis	Hedgeparsley	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. 1777. Caucalis japonica Houtt. 1805. T. anthriscus (L.) C.C.Gmel. 1830. T. japonica (Houtt.) DC. 1903. T. anthriscus var. japonica	Erect hedge-parsley, Japanese hedge parsley, Upright hedge parsley Torilis du Japon, Torilis anthrisque, Torilis faux-cerfeuil	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Invasive, CP-3^[1] IPA^[2]^[3] Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link 1762. Caucalis arvensis Huds. 1821. Torilis arvensis Link 1915. Anthriscus arvensis Koso-Pol.	Spreading hedgeparsley, Canada hedge-parsley, Field hedge-parsley Torilis des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Unk. naturalization Annual, Forb-herb			NYFA-0 USDA-XN Can ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f. Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f.	Bristly-fruited hedge parsley	Introduced, Not naturalized			NYFA-Xm USDA-X0 Images, wsp
↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States reports Torilis japonica as invasive in the state of Wisconsin ↑ Antonio DiTommaso, Stephen J. Darbyshire, Caroline A. Marschner, and Kristine M. Averill (2014) North-East, North-Central, Mid-Atlantic United States and Southern Canada: Japanese Hedgeparsley (Torilis japonica)—A New Invasive Species in the United States?. Invasive Plant Science and Management: October-December 2014, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 553-560.

Tribe CareaeEdit

CarumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Careae — Carum
Carum	Carum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Carum carvi	Caraway, Anise	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

AegopodiumEdit

Aegopodium podagraria
goutweed

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Careae — Aegopodium
Aegopodium	Goutweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aegopodium podagraria L. 1753. Aegopodium podagraria L. 1827. Carum podagraria (L.) Roth 1889. Apium podagraria (L.) Caruel 1900. A. podagraria var. variegatum	Goutweed, Bishop's goutweed, Ground elder, Snow-on-the-mountain Égopode podagraire, Herbe aux goutteux, Podagraire	Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%^[1], iMapInvasives, CP-3,^[2] NE-2^[3] FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Aegopodium podagraria: Moderate (64). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009) ↑ Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Tribe PimpinelleaeEdit

PimpinellaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Pimpinelleae — Pimpinella
Pimpinella	Burnet-saxifrage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pimpinella saxifraga L. 1753. P. saxifraga L.	Common burnet-saxifrage, Solidstem burnet-saxifrage, Burnet-saxifrage	Introduced, from Eurasia			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS Images, wsp
Pimpinella major (L.) Huds. 1753. P. saxifraga var. major 1762. P. major Huds. 1771. P. magna L.	Hollowstem burnet saxifrage, Hollow-stemmed burnet-saxifrage	Introduced from Europe			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS Images, wsp

Tribe CoriandreaeEdit

CoriandrumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Coriandreae — Coriandrum
Coriandrum	Coriander	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Coriandrum sativum L. 1753. Coriandrum sativum L. 1904. Selinum coriandrum Krause	Coriander, Cilantro, Chinese parsley Coriandre cultivée, Coriandre cultivé, Coriandre	Introduced from Mediterranean, Likely naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Tribe ApieaeEdit

Tribe Apieae

ApiumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Apieae — Apium
Apium	Celery	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Apium graveolens L. 1753. Apium graveolens L. 1771. Seseli graveolens (L) Scop. 1788. Sium apium Roth 1805. Sium graveolens (L) Vest 1829. Seseli graveolens (L) Ledeb. 1900. Apium vulgare Bubani 1904. Selinum graveolens (L) Krause 1911. Apium integrilobum Hayata 1913. Celeri graveolens (L.) Britton 1916. Carum graveolens (L.) Koso-Pol.	Celery, Wild celery Céleri	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent, Not naturalized FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XN NPT ARS Trop. BNA IPN Images, wsp

AnethumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Apieae — Anethum
Anethum	Dill	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Anethum graveolens	Dill	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp

FoeniculumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Apieae — Foeniculum
Foeniculum	Fennel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Foeniculum vulgare	Sweet fennel	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

LevisticumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Apieae — Levisticum
Levisticum	Levisticum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Levisticum officinale	Lovage	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX Images, wsp

PetroselinumEdit

Petroselinum crispum

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is widely cultivated and may occasionally escape but is not known to truly naturalize in New York State.

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Apieae — Petroselinum
Petroselinum	Parsley	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss 1753. Apium petroselinum L. 1768. Apium crispum Mill. 1821. Petroselinum vulgare Lag. 1866. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss 1867. Carum petroselinum (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. 1879. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman 1904. Selinum petroselinum (L.) E.H.L.Krause 1925. P. crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W.Hill	Garden parsley, Parsley Persil	Introduced Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can iNat ARS ITIS Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp

Tribe TordylieaeEdit

This tribe contains the parsnips and cowparsnips. The only native member of the Tordylieae is Heracleum maximum. To varying degrees, skin contact with any of these species may cause phytophotodermatitis.

HeracleumEdit

Heracleum mantegazzianum
giant hogweed

The Heracleum (cow-parsnip or hogweed) species found in New York include the native American cow-parsnip (H. maximum) and the introduced, highly invasive giant hogweed or giant cow-parsnip (H. mantegazzianum). Although the sap of all members of this genus may cause phytophotodermatitis, giant hogweed is by far the worst offender.

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Tordylieae
Heracleum	Cowparsnip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Heracleum maximum W.Bartram 1791. Heracleum maximum W.Bartram 1803. H. lanatum Michx. 1828. H. montanum Schleich. ex Gaudin 1905. H. sphondylium ssp. montanum 1982. H. sphondylium ssp. lanatum 1988. H. sphondylium var. lanatum	Cow parsnip Cow-parsnip Common cowparsnip American cow-parsnip	Native, C:6, Likely secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier	Giant hogweed, Giant cow-parsnip	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYIS: 72%^[1], CP-3^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Heracleum sphondylium ssp. sphondylium	European cow parsnip, Common hogweed, Eltrot	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Heracleum mantegazzianum: High (72). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

PastinacaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Tordylieae
Pastinaca	Parsnip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pastinaca sativa L. 1753. Pastinaca sativa L.	Wild parsnip, Common parsnip Panais sauvage, Panais cultivé	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive Biennial-perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS BNA Images, wsp Note: IPA^[1] WW
↑ Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States lists Pastinaca sativa invasive in MI, OH PA, TN, VA, WI

Tribe SelineaeEdit

TaenidiaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Selineae — Taenidia
Taenidia	Yellow-pimpernel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude 1753. Smyrnium integerrimum L. 1898. Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude	Yellow pimpernel, Yellow pimpernell, Golden Alexander Ténidia à feuilles entières, Ténidie très entière	Native, C:7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS Trop. BNA LBJ EOL Images, wsp

ZiziaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Selineae — Zizia
Zizia	Zizia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J.Koch 1753. Smyrnium aureum L. 1818. Thaspium aureum (L.) Nutt. 1820. Sison aureum (L.) Spreng. 1824. Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J.Koch 1894. T. trifoliatum var. aureum	Common golden Alexanders, Golden Zizia	Native, Secure FAC, Sun - part shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Zizia aptera Zizia cordata	Heartleaf golden Alexanders, Meadow zizia	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images, wsp

ThaspiumEdit

Thaspium trifoliatum var. aureum

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Selineae — Thaspium
Thaspium	Meadow-parsnip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. 1803. Ligusticum barbinode Michx. 1818. Thaspium barbinode Nutt. 1887. T. barbinode var. angustifolium 1900. T. barbinode var. chapmanii 1933. Thaspium chapmanii Small	Hairyjoint meadowparsnip, Hairy-jointed meadowparsnip	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Thaspium (excluded taxa)	Meadow-parsnip	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A.Gray var. aureum (L.) Britton 1753. Smyrnium aureum L. 1818. Thaspium aureum Nutt 1894. T. trifoliatum var. aureum 1918. T. trifoliatum var. flavum	Purple meadow-parsnip, Smooth meadow-parsnip	N.America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NPT ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A.Gray var. trifoliatum 1856. Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A.Gray 1887. T. aureum var. trifoliatum	Purple meadowparsnip Purple thaspium	N.America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 NPT ITIS Images, wsp

AngelicaEdit

Angelica atropurpurea L.
purple-stemmed angelica

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Selineae — Angelica
Angelica	Angelica	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Angelica atropurpurea L.	Purple-stemmed angelica, Great angelica, Purplestem angelica	Native, C:4, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Angelica venenosa Angelica villosa	Hairy angelica, Deadly angelica	Native, C:8, Endangered, Note:^[1]			NYFA-3 USDA-NX NPT Images, wsp
Angelica lucida Coelopleurum spp.	Angelica, Seacoast angelica, Seaside angelica	Native, C:10, Endangered			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
↑ New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017: Changes Since the June 2010 Rare Plant Status Lists: Angelica venenosa: G5 S1

LigusticumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Selineae — Ligusticum
Ligusticum	Licorice-root	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ligusticum scoticum ssp. scoticum	Scottish licorice-root	Native, C:10, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp

AethusaEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Selineae — Aethusa
Aethusa	Aethusa	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aethusa cynapium L. 1753. Aethusa cynapium L.	Fool's-parsley, Poison parsley Ethuse, Petite ciguë	Introduced from Eurasia Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS Images, wsp

PeucedanumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — Selineae — Peucedanum
Peucedanum	Masterwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) W.D.J.Koch 1753. Imperatoria ostruthia L. 1822. Imperatoria major Gray 1824. Peucedanum ostruthium W.D.J.Koch	Masterwort	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS Trop. Images, wsp

Tribe (Conioselinum chinense clade)Edit

ConioselinumEdit

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — (unplaced) — Conioselinum
Conioselinum	Hemlockparsley	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Conioselinum chinense (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1753. Athamanta chinense L. 1813. Cnidium chinense Spreng. ex Steud. 1888. Conioselinum chinense B.S.P. 1900. Conioselinum pacificum J.M.Coult. & Rose	Chinese hemlock-parsley, Eastern hemlockparsley, Hemlock parsley	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Tribe (Conium clade)Edit

ConiumEdit

Conium maculatum
poison-hemlock

Poison-hemlock (Conium maculatum) was likely the source of the hemlock given to Socrates to drink as a penalty for corrupting the youth and refusing to recognize the gods that were recognized by the city-state of Athens. Plato claimed that Socrates' last words after drinking the poison were "Crito, we owe a cock to Asclepius. Do pay it. Don't forget." Asclepius was the god of medicine, who was killed by Zeus for bringing people back from the dead, or possibly for accepting payment for doing so.

Apiales — Apiaceae — Apioideae — (unplaced) — Conium
Conium	Poison hemlock	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Conium maculatum L. 1753. Conium maculatum L. 1767. Coriandrum cicuta Crantz 1767. Cicuta officinalis Crantz 1768. Conium cicuta Neck. 1778. Cicuta major Lam. 1788. Coriandrum cicuta Roth 1788. Coriandrum maculatum (L.) Roth 1799. Conium maculosum Pall. 1806. Sium conium Vest 1904. Selinum conium (Vest) E.H.L. Krause	Poison hemlock, Deadly hemlock, Poison parsley, Fool's-parsley, Spotted parsley, Spotted-hemlock	Introduced, Widespread weed, Toxic Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS Trop. Images, wsp

← Millerieae, Madieae, Eupatorieae	Flora of New York — Apiales				→ Dipsacales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

[1] Wen, J. (2011). "Systematics and Biogeography of Aralia L. (Araliaceae): Revision of Aralia Sects. Aralia, Humiles, Nanae, and Sciadodendron." Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 57:1-172. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23493230

[2] Jun Wen (2011). "Systematics and Biogeography of Aralia L. (Araliaceae): Revision of Aralia Sects. Aralia, Humiles, Nanae, and Sciadodendron." Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Volume 57: 1-172.

[3] Steven D. Glenn (2012), Aralia spinosa, devil's walking-stick, New York Metropolitan Flora Project.

[4] New York Rare Plant Status Lists, November 2017: Changes Since the June 2010 Rare Plant Status Lists: Aralia spinosa: G5 S1

[5] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Aralia elata: Very high (80). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[6] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[NE4-7] Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[8] Robert L. Beyfuss "Ginseng Growing" New York Department of Environmental Conservation

[9] "American Ginseng" New York Department of Environmental Conservation

[10] Chris Traft & Mark Frey (2012) "Invasive Plant Alert: Five-leaf Aralia." National Park Service, National Capital Region Exotic Plant Management Team, Washington, DC.

[11] Patterson Clark (2013). "Ivy: You say helix, I say hibernica." Urban Jungle column in The Washington Post. February 19, 2013.

[12] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hedera helix: Moderate (66). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[CP3-13] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

[14] Stephen R. Downie, Krzysztof Spalik, Deborah S. Katz-Downie and Jean-Pierre Reduron (2010). "Major clades within Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae as inferred by phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences." Plant Div. Evol. 128: 111–136.

[15] Michael Hough (2019). Flora of Cortland and Onondaga Counties, New York. p. 397.

[16] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Anthriscus sylvestris: High (79). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[17] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Proposed Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[CP3-18] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

[CP3-19] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2009)

[20] Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States reports Torilis japonica as invasive in the state of Wisconsin

[21] Antonio DiTommaso, Stephen J. Darbyshire, Caroline A. Marschner, and Kristine M. Averill (2014) North-East, North-Central, Mid-Atlantic United States and Southern Canada: Japanese Hedgeparsley (Torilis japonica)—A New Invasive Species in the United States?. Invasive Plant Science and Management: October-December 2014, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 553-560.

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