Flora of New York/Dipsacales


Apiales
Flora of New York — Dipsacales
Lycophytes
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


Dipsacales introduction
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The order Dipsacales is here organized, down to subfamily, according to the system presented in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.[1]
Dipsacales
Viburnaceae

ViburneaeViburnum

Adoxeae

Sabmbucus

Adoxa

Caprifoliaceae
Diervilloideae

Diervilla

Weigela

Caprifolioideae

Lonicera

Symphoricarpus

Triosteum

Linnaeoideae

Linnaea borealis (twinflower, NY native)

Kolkwitzia amabilis (beautybush, invasive)

Abelia

Dipsacoideae
Dipsaceae

Succisella (devil’s bit)

Dipsacus (teasel)

Cephalaria (giant scabious)

Knautia (bluebuttons)

Scabiosa (pincushions)

Triplostegieae—Triplostegia (none in NY)

Valerianoideae

Valeriana

Valerianella

Zabelioideae

Morinoideae


Dipsacales table of contents
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Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common Names #
Dipsacales Viburnaceae Viburnoideae Viburneae Viburnum hobblebush, nannyberry, arrowwood, possumhaw, cranberrybush 19
Adoxoideae Adoxeae Sambucus elderberry 3
Adoxa muskroot 1
Caprifoliaceae Diervilloideae Diervilla northern bush-honeysuckle 1
Weigela crimson weigela 2
Caprifolioideae Triosteum horse-gentian 3
Lonicera honeysuckle 20
Symphoricarpos snowberry 4
Linnaeoideae Linnaea twinflower 1
Kolkwitzia beautybush 2
Dipsacoideae Dipsaceae Succisella frosted pearls 1
Dipsacus teasel 3
Knautia scabious, blue-buttons 1
Scabiosa scabious, pincushions 1
Valerianoideae Valeriana valerian 3
Valerianella corn salad 3

Family Viburnaceae

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The viburnum family (Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons. or Adoxaceae E. Mey., nom. cons.) in New York contains about 14 species of Viburnum, three species of Sambucus (elderberries), and the endangered Adoxa moschatellina (muskroot). These species were previously included in the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family), and have the characteristic opposite-leaf pattern of that family.

Recent sources, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, treat the Adoxaceae as Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons.[1][2]


Tribe Viburneae

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Viburnum

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Viburnum phylogeny
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The four major clades of Viburnum, proposed by Donoghue, Winkworth and Clement,[1][2][3][4] are all represented in New York by about 14 species (17 taxa) of woody plants.


Viburnum
Pseudotinus

V. lantanoides (hobblebush)

Valvatotinus
Lentago

V. lentago (nannyberry)

V. nudum (wild raisin)

V. prunifolium (blackhaw)

Euviburnum

V. lantana (wayfaring tree)

Crenotinus
Lutescentia

V. plicatum (Japanese snowball)

Solenotinus

V. sieboldii (Siebold’s arrowwood)

Tinus

Eurasian (none in NY)

Porphyrotinus
Molotinus

V. rafinesquianum (downy arrowwood)

Dentata

V. dentatum var. lucidum (smooth arrowwood)

V. dentatum var. venosum (southern arrowwood)

Oreinotinus

South & Central American (none in NY)

Opulus

V. opulus var. americanum (highbush cranberry)

V. opulus var. opulus (Guelder rose)

V. edule (squashberry)

Laminotinus
Lobata

V. acerifolium (maple-leaved viburnum)

Succotinus

V. dilatatum (linden arrowwood)

V. setigerum (tea viburnum)


Viburnum clade Pseudotinus
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Viburnum lantanoides
Landis et al. (2019) place sect. Pseudotinus in a small, un-named, mostly east Asian clade along with sect. Urceolata. They list Viburnum lantanoides (hobblebush) as the only North American species in this clade. This clade appears to be the sister of a clade containing the Crenotinus and Valvatotinus clades.[1]
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnumclade Pseudotinus
Genus Viburnumclade Pseudotinus Hobblebush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Michx.

1783. Viburnum lantana  var. latifolium  C.F.Ludwig
1789. Viburnum lantana  var. grandifolium  Aiton
1805. Viburnum lantana  var. canadensis  Pers.
1803. Viburnum lantanoides  Michx.
1818. Viburnum grandifolium  (Aiton) Sm.
1912. Viburnum lantanoides praecox Kache
1913. Viburnum alnifolium  f. praecox  (Kache) Hesse
1917. Viburnum alnifolium  var. praecox  (Kache) Rehder
1924. Viburnum alnifolium  f. roseum  House
1947. Viburnum lantanoides  f. praecox  (Kache) Rehder
Hobblebush,
Alder-leaved viburnum,
American wayfaring tree,
Witch hobble
Viorne bois-d'orignal,
Viorne faux-lantana,
Viorne à feuilles d'aulne
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Shrub
 
NYFA: 5

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Viburnum clade Valvatotinus
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Viburnum lentago
Clade Valvatotinus contains the North American section Lentago and the Eurasian section Euviburnum. Clade Valvatotinus is sister to clade Crenotinus.[1]
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnumclade Valvatotinus
Genus Viburnumsect. Lentago Viburnum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753.  Viburnum lentago L.
1808.  Viburnum lentagoides  Raf.
1880.  Viburnum lentaginum  St.-Lag. (orth. var.)
1889.  Viburnum vetteri  Zabel
1889.  Viburnum × vetteri  Zabel
1897.  Viburnum lentago  var. pyrifolium  Chapm.
1908.  Viburnum lentago  var. sphaerocarpum  A.Gray ex Fernald
1949.  Viburnum lentago  f. sphaerocarpum  (A.Gray ex Fernald) Rehder
Nannyberry,,
Nanny-berry,
Sweet viburnum,
Black haw,
Sheepberry
Viorne flexible,
Viorne lentago,
Alisier, bourdaine
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Tree, shrub,
Sun - shade
 
NYFA: 5

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L.

1762. Viburnum cassinoides L.
1809. Viburnum squamatum  Muhl. ex Willd.
1813. Viburnum pyrifolium  Pursh
1789. Viburnum laevigatum  Aiton (nom. superfl.)
1841. Viburnum nudum  var. cassinoides  Torr. & A.Gray
1841. Viburnum nudum  var. angustifolium  Torr. & A.Gray
1953. Viburnum cassinoides  var. harbisonii  McAtee
Northern wild raisin,
Wild raisin,
Withe-rod,
Witherod viburnum,
Witherwood,
Swamp haw,
Possumhaw
Viorne cassinoïde,
Alises,
Alisier,
Bleuets sains,
Bourdaine
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

OBL-FACW

Perennial,
Tree, shrub,
Sun - shade
 
NYFA: 5
GBIF

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L.

1753. Viburnum nudum L.
1825. Tynus nudus  (L.) J.Presl
1838. Viburnum laurifolium Raf.
1838. Viburnum oleifolium  Tausch
1841. Viburnum nudum  var. claytonii  Torr. & A.Gray
1883. Viburnum nudum  var. serotinum  Ravenel ex Chapm.
1884. Viburnum nudum  var. grandifolium  A.Gray
1889. Viburnum anglicum  Dippel
1903. Viburnum nudum  var. nitidum  Zabel
Southern wild-rasin,
Possumhaw,
Withe-rod
Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered

OBL-FACW

Perennial,
Tree-shrub
 
NYFA: 1
NYFA: Suffolk (1938)
iNat
GBIF
No RG observations

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L.

1753. Viburnum prunifolium L.
1808. Viburnum pyrifolium  Poir.
1893. Viburnum prunifolium  var. globosum  Nash
1924. Viburnum bushii  Ashe
1935. Viburnum prunifolium  var. bushii  (Ashe) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.
Black-haw
Blackhaw
Black haw
Sweet-haw
Stagbush
Native, CoC: 4,
Likely secure

FACU

Perennial,
Shrub,
Part shade
 
NYFA: 4
GBIF

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Genus Viburnumsect. Euviburnum Viburnum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Viburnum lantana L.
1779. Viburnum tomentosum  Lam.
1796. Viburnum pallidum  Salisb. (nom. superfl.)
1812. Viburnum farinosum  Stokes
1860. Viburnum lantana  var. rugosum  Lange
1868. Viburnum lantana  var. aureomaculatum  Jacob-Makoy
1885. Viburnum lantana  var. glabratum  Chabert
1887. Viburnum aragonensis  Pau
1925. Viburnum lantana versicolor J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies
Wayfaring tree,
Mealytree,
Wayfaring viburnum
Viorne mancienne
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 53%[1],
CP-5[2] NE-4[3]

Perennial,
Tree, shrub
 
NYFA: X
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GBIF

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Hemsl.

1888. Viburnum rhytidophyllum  Hemsl.
1901. Callicarpa vastifolia  Diels
1928. Viburnum rhytidophyllum roseum  Anon.
1949. Viburnum rhytidophyllum  f. roseum  (Anon.) Rehder
Leatherleaf,
Leatherleaf arrowwood,
Leatherleaf viburnum
Introduced from
 China,
Cultivated,
 Invasive.org: x

Perennial,
Shrub
 
NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: excluded
10 counties

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Burkwood ex Rullo, Brach & Gandhi

Viburnum carlesii ×
Viburnum macrocephalum

2020. Viburnum × carlcephalum Burkwood ex Rullo, Brach & Gandhi
Fragrant snowball viburnum
Introduced,
Cultivated,
Artificial hybrid
 
NYFA-Excluded

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentViburnum lantana: Moderate (53). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.
  2. Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  3. Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Viburnum clade Crenotinus
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Viburnum plicatum
Crenotinus is an Asian clade containing the sections Solenotinus and Lutescentia. It is sister to clade Valvatotinus.[1] The two species in this clade introduced in New York occasionally naturalize and are of concern for becoming invasive.
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnumclade Crenotinus
Genus Viburnumsect. Lutescentia Viburnum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Thunb.

1784. Viburnum tomentosum  Thunb.
1794. Viburnum plicatum  Thunb.
1866. Viburnum plicatum  var. tomentosum  Miq.
1880. Viburnum tomentosum  var. plicatum  (Thunb.) Maxim.
Japanese snowball,
Doublefile viburnum
Introduced from
 eastern Asia,
Highly invasive,
Naturalized,
NYS Tier 2[1],
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Shrub
  Broome, Dutchess, Nassau, Orange, Oswego, Rockland, Suffolk, Westchester
NYFA: X

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Genus Viburnumsect. Solenotinus Viburnum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Miq.

1867. Viburnum sieboldii Miq.
Siebold viburnum,
Siebold’s arrowwood
Introduced from
 eastern Asia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 62%[2],
Naturalized,
CP-5[3] NE-4[4],
SNA, GNR

Perennial,
Tree, shrub
  Bronx, Nassau, Putnam, Queens, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Westchester
NYFA: X

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Viburnum clade Porphyrotinus
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Viburnum dentatum
smooth arrowwood
Clade Porphyrotinus contains western hemisphere Viburnum species. The two sections represented in New York (Dentata and Mollotinus) contain North America species. A much larger South/Central American section (Oreinotinus) is sister to sect. Dentata.[1]

The viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni) often defoliates smooth arrowwood (V. dentatum) and downy arrowwood (V. rafinesqueanum) from this clade, but Viburnum opulus is its preferred host.[2]

Viburnum rafinesqueanum var. affine is listed in the New York Flora Atlas as a synonym of Viburnum rafinesqueanum, but POWO and other sources list it as an accepted taxon.[3][4]

However, it appears that "FNA Ed. Comm., in prep. k" treats Viburnum rafinesqueanum var. affine as a synonym of Viburnum rafinesqueanum.[5]


Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnumclade Porphyrotinus
Genus Viburnumsect. Dentata Arrowwood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Fernald

1789. Viburnum dentatum  var. lucidum  Aiton
1924. Viburnum ashei  Bush
1941. Viburnum recognitum Fernald
1953. Viburnum recognitum  var. alabamense  McAtee
1953. Viburnum dentatum  var. ashei  (Bush) McAtee
1953. Viburnum dentatum  ssp. ashei  (Bush) McAtee
1956. Viburnum scabrellum  var. ashei  (Bush) McAtee
2011. Viburnum alabamense  (McAtee) Sorrie
Smooth arrowwood
Smooth arrow-wood
Northern arrowwood
Arrow wood

Viorne litigieuse
Viorne dentée
Native, CoC: 3,
Secure

FAC

Perennial,
Tree-shrub,
Sun - shade
 
NYFA: 5
GBIF

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Note: [1]
Britton

1789. Viburnum dentatum  var. pubescens  Aiton
1814. Viburnum pubescens  (Aiton) Pursh
1901. Viburnum venosum  Britton
1904. Viburnum venosum  var. canbyi  Rehder
1904. Viburnum venosum  var. longifolium  Rehder
1952. Viburnum dentatum  var. venosum  (Britton) Gleason
1953. Viburnum scabrellum  var. venosum  (Britton) Mc Atee
Southern arrowwood
Southern arrow-wood
Native, CoC: 7,
Threatened

FAC

Perennial,
Tree-shrub,
Sun - shade
 
NYFA: 2
iNat
GBIF

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Genus Viburnumsect. Mollotinus Arrowwood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Schult.
 var. rafinesqueanum

1820.  Viburnum rafinesquianum  Schult. in…
1820.  Viburnum rafinesqueanum  Schult. in…
1918.  Viburnum affine  var. hypomalacum  S.F.Blake  in…
Downy arrowwood,
Downy-leaved arrow-wood
Viorne de Rafinesque
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Shrub,
Part Shade - shade
 
NYFA: 5

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Schult.
 var. affine

1911.  Viburnum affine  Bush
1935.  Viburnum rafinesqueanum  var. affine  House

Introduced from
 Midwest,
N. America native

NYFA: ? counties
? counties

POWO
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Viburnum clade Opulus
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Viburnum opulus
This small clade with a worldwide distribution is the sister to clade Laminotinus

Both sect. Lobata and sect. Opulus have leaves with somewhat of a maple-leaf shape. The native and invasive Eurasian variety of V. opulus are very similar in appearance, and some populations may be the result of introgression between the two.

In much of the state, the European V. opulus var. opulus has become more common than the American variety, partially due to distribution of the European variety by the state for "conservation" plantings.


Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnumclade "Opulus"
Genus Viburnumsect. Opulus Cranberrybush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.
 var. americanum Aiton

1768. Viburnum americanum  Miller
1785. Viburnum trilobum Marshall
1789. Viburnum opulus  var. americanum  Aiton
1915. Viburnum opulus  ssp. americanum  (Mill.) Piper & Beattie
1949. Viburnum opulus  ssp. trilobum  (Marshall) R.T.Clausen
1956. Viburnum opulus  var. trilobum  (Marshall) McAtee
Highbush cranberry,
American cranberrybush,
Cranberrybush viburnum,
Mooseberry
Viorne trilobée,
Viorne pimbina
Native, CoC: 3,
Likely secure,
NE-5[1]

FACW

Perennial,
Shrub,
Sun - part shade
 
NYFA: 4
iNat

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Note: [2]
L.
 var. opulus

1753. Viburnum opulus  L.
1753. Viburnum opulus  var. roseum  L.
1821. Viburnum roseum  Steud.
European cranberrybush,
Guelder rose
Introduced,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 67%[3],
CP-3[4] NE-4[5]
  Albany, Cayuga, Monroe, Onondaga, Oswego, Rensselaer, Suffolk
NYFA: X

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(Michx.) Raf.

1803. Viburnum opulus  var. edule  Michx.
1808. Viburnum edule  Raf.
1833. Viburnum acerifolium  Bong.
1838. Viburnum opulus  var. pauciflorum  Raf.
1841. Viburnum opulus  var. eradiatum  Oakes
1841. Viburnum pauciflorum  Bach.Pyl. ex Torr. & A.Gray (nom. illeg.)
1921. Viburnum eradiatum  (Oakes) House
Squashberry
Mooseberry
Moosewood viburnum
Highbush cranberry
Few-flowered cranberrybush

Viorne comestible
Pimbina
Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
S2, G5

FACW

Perennial,
Shrub
  Essex (1919-2009),
Ulster (1991-1994)
NYFA: 2

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  1. Category 5 Plants - native invasives - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  2. http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=267
  3. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentViburnum opulus var. opulus: Moderate (67).
  4. Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  5. Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  6. http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=402
Viburnum clade Laminotinus
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Viburnum acerifolium
Clade Laminotinus is sister to section Opulus.
Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnumclade Laminotinus
Genus Viburnumsect. Lobata Viburnum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Viburnum acerifolium L.
1878. Viburnum involucratum  Chapm. (nom. illeg.)
1883. Viburnum densiflorum  Chapm.
1914. Viburnum acerifolium  var. glabrescens  Rehder
1956. Viburnum acerifolium  var. densiflorum  (Chapm.) McAtee
Mapleleaf viburnum,
Maple-leaved viburnum,
Mapleleaf arrowwood,
Possum haw,
Dockmackie
Viorne à feuilles d'érable
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Shrub,
Sun - shade
 
NYFA: 5

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Genus Viburnumsect. Succotinus Viburnum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Thunb.
 var. dilatatum

1784. Viburnum dilatatum  Thunb.
1911. Viburnum brevipes  Rehder
1966. Viburnum dilatatum  var. macrophyllum  P.S.Hsu
1966. Viburnum fulvotomentosum  P.S.Hsu
1988. Viburnum dilatatum  var. fulvotomentosum  (P.S.Hsu) P.S.Hsu
Linden arrowwood,
Linden viburnum
Introduced from
 China,
 Japan,
 South Korea,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 57%[1],
IPA,
Sun - part shade
  Bronx, Nassau, Orange, Queens, Rockland, Suffolk
NYFA: X

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Note: [2][3]
Hance

1882. Viburnum setigerum Hance
1907. Viburnum theiferum  Rehder
1911. Viburnum bodinieri  H. Lév.
1965. Viburnum setigerum  var. sulcatum  P.S.Hsu
Tea viburnum,
Tea-leaf viburnum
Introduced from
 Cina,
 Taiwan,
Invasive,
 NYIS: 41%[4]
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 5 counties
7 counties

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Tribe Adoxeae

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Sambucus

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Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis
American black elderberry
Sambucus contains the shrubs know as elderberry or simply elder. The name Sambucus is likely derived from the Latin sambuca (a type of harp).

Some sources, including New York Flora Atlas, treat the American black elderberry as Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis, while other common sources treat it as Sambucus canadensis. The European black elderberry (Sambucus nigra s.s.) has not been discovered outside of cultivation in New York.


Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Adoxoideae — Sambuceae — Sambucus
Genus Sambucus Elderberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

1753. Sambucus racemosa L.
1803. Sambucus pubens Michx.
1892. Sambucus callicarpa Greene
1901. Sambucus microbotrys Rydb.
1913. S. racemosassp. pubens House
Red elderberry,
Scarlet elder,
Red-berried elder,
Bunchberry elder
Sureau rouge
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Shrub,
Shade
 
NYFA: 5

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L.

1753. Sambucus canadensis L.
1884. S. canadensisvar. laciniata
1911. S. simpsonii Rehder
1994. S. nigrassp. canadensis
2003. S. nigravar. canadensis
Common elderberry,
American
  black elderberry,
Black elder,
American elder
Sureau blanc,
Sirop blanc,
Sureau du Canada
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
Shrub,
Part shade
 
NYFA: 5
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L.

1753. Sambucus nigra L.
1753. Sambucus nigravar. laciniata L.
1769. Sambucus laciniata Mill.
European
  black elderberry
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Not naturalized,
Not reported

FACW-FAC

Perennial,
Shrub
 
NYFA: 0

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L.

1753. Sambucus ebulus L.
Dwarf elderberry,
Dwarf elder,
Danewort
Sureau yèble
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Not naturalized,
Tompkins only
 
NYFA: X

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Adoxa

edit

The sole member of the Adoxa genus is muskroot (Adoxa moschatellina), which is considered endangered in New York.

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Adoxoideae — Adoxeae — Adoxa
Genus Adoxa Muskroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution  NPT
L.

    Adoxa moschatellina L.
Muskroot,
Musk-root,
Musk root,
Moschatel,
Townhall clock
Moscatelline
Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[2]

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 1

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Family Caprifoliaceae

edit
Caprifoliaceae is represented by the "Cap" in "MADCap Horse", the mnemonic used to recall which trees and shrubs have opposite leaves. (The other trees being Maple, Ash, Dogwood, and Horse-chestnut.)

Subfamily Diervilloideae

edit
The Diervilloideae is also commonly treated as Diervillaceae Pyck (1998) (bush honeysuckle family). It should be noted that most of the non-native Caprifoliaceae species in New York also take the form of a bushes or shrubs commonly called bush honesuckle (Lonicera spp.) and are considered to be highly invasive.

Diervilla

edit
 
Diervilla lonicera

Diervilla contaiins three species of eastern North American bush honeysuckle. It was named in honor of the French surgeon and writer, Sieur de Dièreville, who introduced the genus to Europe after his travels to Acadia around 1700.

Its only New York native, Northern bush-honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera), is considered to be a good replacement for the invasive exotic bush honeysuckles (in Lonicera sect. Coeloxylosteum). Diervilla's other two species (D. rivularis and D. sessilifolia are native to limited regions of the southeastern U.S. but are not known to naturalize in New York.


Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Diervilloideae — Diervilla
Genus Diervilla Bush-honeysuckle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Mill.

1753. Lonicera diervilla L.
1768. D. lonicera Mill.
1803. D. tournefortii Michx.
1892. D. diervilla MacMill. (i)
1940. D. loniceravar. hypomalaca
Northern bush-honeysuckle,
Bush-honeysuckle
Dièreville chèvrefeuille,
Herbe bleue
Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

UPL

Perennial,
Shrub,
Shade, part shade,
 
NYFA: 5

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Weigela

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Weigela floribunda
Weigela is native to eastern Asia and has been planted in New York as an ornamental shrub. Weigela floribunda is listed as naturalized in some counties in the southeastern part of the state. Weigela japonica has not been confirmed to truly naturalize.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Diervilloideae — Weigela
Genus WeigelaThunberg (1780) Weigela N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch

1839.  Diervilla floribunda  Siebold & Zucc. in…
1854.  Weigela floribunda  (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch in…
1863.  Diervilla multiflora  Lem. in…
1868.  Weigela arborea-grandiflora  Jacob-Makoy in…
1868.  Weigela arborescens-versicolor  Jacob-Makoy in…
1889.  Weigela arborea  Dippel in…
1889.  Weigela arborescens  Dippel in…
1889.  Diervilla floribunda  var. grandiflora  Dippel  in…
1927.  Diervilla sanguinea  Nakai in…
1936.  Weigela kariyosensis  Nakai in…
Weigela,
Crimson weigela
Introduced from
 eastern Asia,
Naturalized
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: Orange, Rockland, Suffolk
Westchester

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Thunb.
 var. japonica

1780.  Weigela japonica  Thunb. in…
1830.  Diervilla japonica  (Thunb.) DC. in…
1839.  Diervilla versicolor  Siebold & Zucc. in…
1900.  Diervilla floribunda  var. versicolor  Rehder  in…
1927.  Diervilla floribunda  var. versicolor  (Siebold & Zucc.) Rehder
1939.  Weigela floribunda  var. versicolor  (Rehder) Rehder  in…
Japanese weigela Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Unknown naturalization
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: Albany, Westchester
No NY observations

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Subfamily Caprifolioideae

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The Caprifolioideae (honeysuckle subfamily)...

Tribe Caprifolieae here contains Lonicera and Symphoricarpos.[1]

Triosteum

edit
 
Triosteum aurantiacum
The New York Flora Atlas lists three species of horse gentian (Triosteum).
Triosteum
species
sepal
length
(mm)
sepal back
(abaxial surface)
sepal
margins
leaf
width
(cm)
leaf
shape
stem
pubescence
(mm)
style fruit
T. aurantiacum 10 - 18 evenly pubescent evenly pubescent 4 - 15 tapers to narrow,
sessile base
> 0.5 ± included orange-red
ovoid
T. perfoliatum 10 - 18 evenly pubescent evenly pubescent 4 - 15 connate-perfoliate ≤ 0.5 exserted yellow-orange
subglobose
T. angustifolium 9 - 12 glabrous or
short-pubescent
hispid-ciliate 2 - 6 lanceolate 1.5 - 3.0
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Triosteeae — Triosteum
Genus Triosteum Horse-gentian N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
E.P.Bicknell

1901. Triosteum aurantiacum E.P.Bicknell
1918. Triosteum aurantiacum  var. glaucescens  Wiegand
1923. Triosteum perfoliatum  var. aurantiacum  (E.P.Bicknell) Wiegand
1923. Triosteum perfoliatum  var. glaucescens  (Wiegand) Wiegand
Orangefruit horse-gentian,
Wild coffee,
Coffee tinker's weed
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 5
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L.

1753. Triosteum perfoliatum L.
1803. Triosteum majus  Michx.
1817. Karpaton hastatum  Raf.
1837. Triosteum connatum  Raf.
1837. Triosteum obovatum  Raf.
Perfoliate-leaved horse-gentian,
Perfoliate tinker's-weed,
Feverwort
Native, CoC: 8,
Rare

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 4
GBIF

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Lesser horse-gentian,
Yellowfruit horse-gentian,
Yellow-leaved tinker's-weed,
Narrow-leaved horse gentian
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely extirpated

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: Z

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Lonicera

edit
Members of the Lonicera genus are mostly known as honeysuckle. There are seven native New York honeysuckles and a couple other North American honeysuckles. But there are also about a dozen Eurasian honeysuckles found in New York, many of which have become quite prevalent and are considered highly invasive in the Northeast.
Lonicera subg. Caprifolium
edit
 
Lonicera dioica
Subgenus Caprifolium contains vining or trailing shrub honeysuckles with perfoliate leaves immediately beneath the flowers.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Caprifolium
Genus Lonicerasubg. Caprifolium Honeysuckle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1767. Lonicera dioica L.
1768. Lonicera glauca Hill
1830. Caprifolium douglasii Lindl.
1830. Lonicera douglasii (Lindl.) DC.
1896. Lonicera hirsuta  var. glaucescens  Rydb.
1897. Lonicera glaucescens Rydb.
1912. Lonicera dioica  var. glaucescens  Butters
1929. Lonicera dioica  var. douglasii  (Lindl.) Farw.
1982. Lonicera dioica  ssp. glaucescens  Á.&D.Löve
Smooth honeysuckle
Limber honeysuckle
Glaucous honeysuckle
Mountain honeysuckle
Wild honeysuckle
Red honeysuckle
Douglas honeysuckle

Dhèvrefeuille dioïque
Chèvrefeuille glauque
Native,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Vine, shrub
 
NYFA: 5

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Note: [1]
Eaton

1818. Lonicera hirsuta  Eaton
1826. Lonicera pubescens Sweet
1952. Lonicera hirsuta  var. interior  Gleason
1968. Lonicera hirsuta  var. schindleri  B.Boivin
Hairy honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille hirsute,
Chèvrefeuille hérissé
Native,
Likely secure

FAC

Perennial,
Vine
 
NYFA: 4

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L.

1753. Lonicera sempervirens L.
1768. Periclymenum sempervirens  L.
1789. Lonicera sempervirens  var. minor  Aiton
1802. Caprifolium sempervirens  Moench
1895. Phenianthus sempervirens  Raf.
1903. Lonicera sempervirens  var. hirsutula  Rehder
Trumpet honeysuckle
Coral honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille toujours vert
Native, CoC: 5,
Likely secure,
S4, G5

FACU

Perennial,
Vine,
Heliophily: 6
Sun - part shade
 
NYFA: 21 counties

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Schmidt ex Tausch

Lonicera caprifolium ×
Lonicera etrusca

Italian honeysuckle
Clématite des jardins
Introduced,
Europe native

Perennial,
Vine
 
NYFA: X

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Genus Lonicerasubg. Caprifolium(excluded taxa) Honeysuckle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L. (1753)

Italian woodbine,
Italian honeysuckle,
Perfoliate honeysuckle
Clématite des jardins
Introduced,
Europe native

Perennial,
Vine
 
NYFA-Excluded

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  1. Many references treat all varieties of Lonicera dioica as a single taxon, but the 2003 USDA Forest Service Conservation Assessment for Red Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens) (Rydb.) Butters states that "If it is to be accepted as a variety, its correct name should be Lonicera dioica var. douglasii (Lindl.) Farw., otherwise it could be considered a minor variation within Lonicera dioica L."
Lonicera subg. Lonicera
edit
Lonicera sect. Isika & Nintooa
edit
 
Lonicera japonica
Because sect. Nintooa appears to be embedded within sect. Isika, these two sections have been placed in the following table together.[1]
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Lonicera
Genus Lonicerasubg. Lonicerasect. Nintooa Honeysuckle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Thunb.

Japanese honeysuckle Introduced from
 East Asia,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 84%[1],
CP3[2] NE1[3]
 
NYFA: X

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Note: VT
Genus Lonicerasubg. Lonicerasect. Isika Honeysuckle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Lindl. & Paxton

Xylosteon fragrantissimum
Winter honeysuckle
Sweet breath of spring
Fragrant honeysuckle
January jasmine
Introduced from
 China,
Invasive
 
NYFA: X

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Jacques

Standish's honeysuckle Introduced,
Impersistent
 
NYFA: X

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(Richardson) Banks ex Spreng.

1823. Xylosteon involucratum Richardson
1824. L. involucrata Banks ex Spreng.
1826. Lonicera ledebourii Eschsch.
p.p.
Twinberry honeysuckle,
Bearberry honeysuckle,
California honeysuckle,
Black twinberry
Introduced from
 west & north,
N. America native,
No NY reports,
Cultivated
 
NYFA: 0

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentLonicera spp.: Very high (84).
  2. Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  3. Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
Lonicera sect. Lonicera
edit
 
Lonicera canadensis
The Lonicera section Lonicera (syn. sect. Coeloxylosteum sensu Rehder)[1] in New York contains native and naturalized "fly honeysuckles" including the very-highly invasive "Eurasian bush honeysuckles."

Section Lonicera is characterized by flowers with a two-lipped corolla and hollow branches.[2]


Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Lonicera
Genus Lonicerasubg. Lonicerasect. Lonicera Fly honeysuckle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Bartram & W.Bartram ex Marshall

1777. Lonicera canadensis Bartram
1785. Lonicera canadensis Marshall
1813. Xylosteon ciliatum Pursh
American fly-honeysuckle,
Canada fly honeysuckle[1],
Fly Honeysuckle[2]
Chèvrefeuille du Canada
Native, CoC: 8,
Secure

FACU

Perennial,
Shrub,
Sun - shade
 
NYFA: 5

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(Goldie) Hook.

1822. Xylosteon oblongifolium Goldie
1833. Lonicera oblongifolia Hook.
1911. Lonicera oblongifolia
var. altissima Rehder
Swamp fly-honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille
 à feuilles oblongues
Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure

OBL

Perennial,
Shrub
 
NYFA: 4

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(Michx.) Roem. & Schult.

1803. Xylosteon villosum Michx.
1819. Lonicera villosa Roem. & Schult.
1841. L. caeruleavar. villosa
[3]
1982. L. caeruleassp. villosa
Mountain fly-honeysuckle,
Northern fly-honeysuckle,
Velvet honeysuckle,
Blue fly honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille velu
Native, CoC: 9,
Vulnerable

Perennial,
Shrub
 
NYFA: 3?

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Raf.

1838. Lonicera reticulata Raf.
1864. Caprifolium proliferum G.Kirchn.
1884. Lonicera sullivantii A.Gray
1910. L. prolifera J.R.Booth ex Rehder
1952. L. proliferavar. glabra Gleason
Grape honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille réticulé
Introduced from
 US Midwest,
N. America native
 
NYFA: X

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L.

1753. Lonicera tatarica L.
1800. Lonicera sibirica Georgi
1803. Xylosteon tataricum Michx.
1891. Caprifolium tataricum Kuntze
Tatarian honeysuckle,
Tartarian honeysuckle
Clématite de Tartarie
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Very highly invasive,
NYIS: 86% [4],
CP2[5] NE1[6],
IPA VT
 
NYFA: X

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A.Gray

1857. Lonicera morrowii A.Gray
1917. Lonicera insularis Nakai
1968. Xylosteon morrowii Moldenke
2011. Lonicera tatarica
var. morrowii Q.E.Yang et al.
Morrow's honeysuckle,
Asian fly honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille de Morrow
Introduced from
 Asia,
Very highly invasive,
NYIS: 86% [4],
CP2[5] NE1[6],
IPAVT
 
NYFA: X

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Zabel

Lonicera morrowii ×
Lonicera tatarica

1889. Lonicera × bella Zabel
Bell's honeysuckle,
Showy fly honeysuckle,
Bella honeysuckle,
Whitebell honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille de Bell,
Chèvrefeuille joli
Introduced,
Very highly invasive,
NYIS: 86% [4],
CP2[5] NE1[6],
IPA VT
 
NYFA: X

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(Rupr.) Maxim.

1857. Xylosteon maackii Rupr.
1859. Lonicera maackii Maxim.
1864. Lonicera maackii Herder
1891. Caprifolium maackii Kuntze
Amur honeysuckle,
Bush honeysuckle,
Late honeysuckle,
Maack's honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille de Maack,
Clématite de Maack
Introduced from
 Asia,
Very highly invasive,
NYIS: 84% [4],
CP2,[5] NE1[6],
IPAVT
 
NYFA: X
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L.

1753. Lonicera xylosteum L.
1889. Lonicera segreziensis
   Lavallée ex Dippel
European fly honeysuckle,
Fly honeysuckle,
Dwarf honeysuckle
Chèvrefeuille à balais,
Camérisier à balais,
Clématite des haies
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive,
 NYIS: 33%[7],
CP4[8] NE4[9],
IPA
 
NYFA: X

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Regel

1869. Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel
1891. Caprifolium ruprechtianum
Kuntze
1893. Lonicera × muscaviensis
Rehder
Manchurian honeysuckle,
Ruprecht's honeysuckle
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Potentially invasive,
Excluded
 
NYFA: X

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Lonicera ruprechtiana ×
Lonicera tatarica

1889. Lonicera × notha Zabel
Hybrid of
 Manchurian &
 Tatarian honeysuckle
Introduced,
Potentially invasive
 
NYFA: X

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Genus Lonicerasubg. Lonicerasect. Lonicera(excluded taxa) Fly honeysuckle N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Tausch.

Lonicera tatarica ×
Lonicera xylosteum

1838. Lonicera × xylosteoides Tausch
Hybrid of
 Tatarian honeysuckle &
 European
  fly honeysuckle
Introduced,
Potentially invasive,
Excluded
  Excluded
NYFA-Excluded

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  1. Northern Ontario Plant Database
  2. Connecticut Botanical Society
  3. GRIN treats Lonicera villosa as a synonym of L. caerulea var. villosa
  4. a b c d New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentLonicera spp.: Very high (84-86). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.
  5. a b c d Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  6. a b c d Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service
  7. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentLonicera xylosteum: Unknown (33).
  8. Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)
  9. Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Symphoricarpos

edit
 
Symphoricarpos albus
Three species of Symphoricarpos have been found in New York. Symphoricarpos albus (snowberry) has varieties that are both native (var. albus) and introduced (var. laevigatus).
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Symphoricarpos
Genus Symphoricarpos Snowberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) S.F.Blake
var. albus

    Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx.
Common snowberry,
Northern snowberry,
Thin-leaved snowberry,
White coralberry,
Waxberry
Symphorine blanche
Native,
Likely secure
 
NYFA: 4

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(L.) S.F.Blake
var. laevigatus (Fernald) S.F. Blake

1905. Symphoricarpos racemosusvar. laevigatus
1914. Symphoricarpos albusvar. laevigatus
1927. Symphoricarpos rivularis Suksd.
    
Pacific snowberry,
Common snowberry,
Smooth-leaved snowberry,
Waxberry
Symphorine lisse,
Symphorine blanche lisse
Introduced from
 western N. America,
N. America native,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5-T5

Perennial,
Shrub, subshrub
 
NYFA: 5

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Moench

1753. Lonicera symphoricarpos L.
1794. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench
1803. Symphoricarpos vulgaris Michx.
1892. Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos (L.) MacMill. (i)
Buck brush,
Coralberry,
Indian-coralberry,
Indian-currant
Symphorine à baies-de-corail
Introduced from
 US south,
N. America native,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5

FACU

Perennial,
Shrub
 
NYFA: X

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Hook. (1833)

Wolfberry,
Western snowberry,
Northern snowberry
Introduced from
 midwest,
N. America native,
Not naturalized,
SNA, G5

FACU-UPL

Perennial,
Shrub
  Chemung (1950), Ontario, Otsego (2005), Rensselaer (1997)
NYFA: X

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Subfamily Linnaeoideae

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The Linnaeoideae (twinflower subfamily)...

Linnaea

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Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Linnaea
Genus LinnaeaL. Twinflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.
ssp. americana
(Forbes) Hultén ex R.T. Clausen

    Linnaea americana Forbes
    L. borealisssp. americana
    
Twinflower,
Longtube twinflower
Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure

FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb, subshrub
 
NYFA: 4

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LBJ
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Kolkwitzia

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Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Kolkwitzia
Genus Kolkwitzia Beautybush N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Graebn.

1901. Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn.
    
    
Beautybush,
Cold-whiskey-plant,
Buisson de beauté
Introduced,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 2
 
NYFA: X

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Abelia

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Abelia × grandiflora

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Abelia
Genus Abelia Abelias N.Y. Status Images Distribution  NPT
(Rovelli ex Andre) Rehder

Abelia chinensis ×
Abelia uniflora

1886.  Abelia rupestris  var. grandiflora  Rovelli ex André  in…
1892.  Abelia × rupestris  Späth
1900.  Abelia × grandiflora  (Rovelli ex Andre) Rehder in…
2013.  Linnaea × grandiflora  (Rovelli ex André) Christenh. in…
Glossy abelia

Introduced,
US: established (category C3),
 Invasive.org: [1]
 
NYFA: ? counties
iNat
GBIF
4 counties

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Subfamily Dipsacoideae

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The Dipsacoideae (teasel subfamily) is native to a region centered on the Mediterranean and has no members that are native to the western hemisphere.[1]

Tribe Dipsaceae

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Succisella
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Succisella inflexa

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Succiseae — Succisella
Genus SuccisellaBeck Succisella N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Kluk) Beck

1803. Scabiosa australis Wulfen
1809. Scabiosa inflexa Kluk
1830. Succisa australis Rchb.
1893. Succisella inflexa Beck
Devil’s bit
Southern succisella
Frosted pearls

Succiselle infléchie
Introduced  
NYFA: X

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Dipsacus
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Dipsacus fullonum
Teasels (Dipsacus spp.) are common weeds in New York, introduced from Eurasia.

The most common teasels in New York State are wild fuller's teasels (Dipsacus fullonum).

The least common are the cultivated fuller's teasels (Dipsacus sativus) which have been used as natural combs in the textile industry since the Middle Ages.[1]

Cut-leaf teasels (Dipsacus laciniatus) have turned out to be the most invasive. They seem to be increasing in population and are on the DEC's list of Prohibited Invasive Species.[2][3]


Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Dipsaceae — Dipsacus
Genus DipsacusL. Teasel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Dipsacus fullonum L.
1762. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.
1778. Dipsacus fullonum  var. sylvestris  Schmalh.
1909. Dipsacus arcimusci Lojac.
1962. Dipsacus fullonum  ssp. sylvestris  A.R.Clapham.
Common teasel,
Wild fuller's teasel,
Wild teazle
Cardaire sauvage
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: 4,
iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [2],
Naturalized

Biennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: X
iNat
GBIF

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L.

1753. Dipsacus laciniatus L.
Cutleaf teasel,
Cut-leaf teasel,
Cut-leaved teasel,
Laciniate teasel
Cardère découpée,
Cardère laciniée
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Highly invasive,
NYIS: 76%[1],
Prohibited[2],
NYS Tier 4[3]
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 11 counties
iNat
0 counties

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(L.) Honckn.

1762. Dipsacus fullonum Huds. non L.
1763. Dipsacus fullonumvar. sativus L.
1767. Dipsacus sativus (L.) Garsault
1782. Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckn.
1912. Dipsacus fullonumssp. sativus Thell.
Cultivated teasel,
Cultivated fuller's teasel,
Indian teasel,
Fuller's teasel
Introduced from
 Mediterranean,
Not naturalized,
 USGS: L48 established,
SNA, GNR

FACU

Biennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat
GBIF
No NY observations

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Cephalaria
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Cephalaria gigantea
Cephalaria gigantea (giant scabious) was collected from Madison County in 1982. It is unknown whether the plant was naturalized.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Dipsaceae — Cephalaria
Genus Cephalaria Scabious N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT

    Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov
Giant scabious

Introduced,
Unknown naturalization
 
NYFA: Xu
NYFA: Madison (1982)
no observations

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Knautia
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Knautia arvensis
Bluebuttons or field scabiosa
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Knautieae — Knautia
Genus Knautia Scabious N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Coult.

1753. Scabiosa arvensis L.
1823. Knautia arvensis Coult.
Field scabiosa,
Field-scabious,
Bluebuttons,
Blue-buttons
Knautie des champs,
Scabieuse des champs
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Potentially invasive,
IPA
 
NYFA: X

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Scabiosa
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Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Scabioseae — Scabiosa
Genus Scabiosa Pincushions N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
L.

1753. Scabiosa columbaria L.
Dove pincushions,
Pincushion flower,
Yellow scabious
Oeil de perdrix,
Colombaire
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa
 
NYFA: X

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Subfamily Valerianoideae

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The Valerianoideae has often been included in the Valerianaceae (valerian family).

Because the genus Valeriana has been found to be polyphyletic, with six genera, including Valerianella embedded within it, Christenhusz & Byng (2018) recommended moving all of those genera into Valeriana'.[1]


Valeriana

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Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Valerianoideae — Valeriana
Genus Valeriana Valerian N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb.

1841.  Valeriana sylvatica  var. uliginosa  Torr. & A.Gray  in…
1901.  Valeriana uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb. in…
1918.  Valeriana dubiosa  Gand. in…
1951.  Valeriana sitchensis  ssp. uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) F.G.Mey.  in…
1952.  Valeriana septentrionalis  var. uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) Gleason  in…
1967.  Valeriana sitchensis  var. uliginosa  (Torr. & A.Gray) B.Boivin  in…
Marsh valerian,
Swamp valerian,
Mountain valerian
Valériane des tourbières,
Valériane uligineuse
Native,
Endangered,
CA
 
NYFA: 1-2

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L.

1753. Valeriana officinalis L.
1932. Valeriana stubendorfii Kreyer ex Kom.
1933. Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F.Maek.
Garden heliotrope,
Common valerian,
European valerian,
Garden valerian
Valériane officinale,
Valériane cultivée
Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 62%[1],
Prohibited in CT,
Finger Lakes Tier 4
 
NYFA: X

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  1. New York non-native plant invasiveness assessmentValeriana officinalis: Moderate (62). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

Valerianella

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Valerianella umbilicata
Christenhusz & Byng (2018) recommended moving all Valerianella species into Valeriana.[1] That change does not yet seem to be universally accepted.
Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Valerianoideae — Valerianella
Genus Valerianella Cornsalad N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Pursh) DC.

1813.  Fedia chenopodiifolia  Pursh in…
1830.  Valerianella chenopodiifolia  (Pursh) DC. in…
1837.  Fedia triquetra  Hochst. & Steud. ex Shuttlew. in…
1837.  Valerianella triquetra  Shuttlew. in…
1838.  Fedia radiata  Torr. & A.Gray in…
1841.  Fedia fagopyrum  Torr. & A.Gray in…
1841.  Fedia radiata  var. leiocarpa  Torr. & A.Gray  in…
1843.  Valerianella fagopyrum  Walp. in…
2018.  Valeriana chenopodiifolia  (Pursh) Christenh. & Byng in…
Goose-foot corn-salad,
Goosefoot valerian
Valérianelle à feuilles de chénopode
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
S1, G5

FAC

Annual or biennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 1
NYFA: 6 counties
iNat
GBIF
Monroe, Onondaga

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(Sull.) Alph.Wood

1842.  Fedia umbilicata  Sull. in…
1848.  Fedia patellaria  Sull. ex A.Gray in…
1861.  Valerianella umbilicata  (Sull.) Alph.Wood in…
1861.  Valerianella patellaria  (Sull. ex A.Gray) Alph.Wood in…
1872.  Valerianella radiata  var. umbilicata  (Sull.) Porter  in…
1872.  Fedia radiata  var. umbilicata  (Sull.) Porter  in…
1883.  Valerianella woodsiana  var. patellaria  (Sull. ex A.Gray) A.Gray  in…
1883.  Valerianella woodsiana  var. umbilicata  (Sull.) A.Gray  in…
1938.  Valerianella intermedia  Dyal in…
1952.  Valerianella radiata  var. intermedia  (Dyal) Gleason  in…
2018.  Valeriana narda  Christenh. & Byng in…
2018.  Valeriana umbilicata  (Sull.) Christenh. & Byng in…
Navel cornsalad
Northern corn salad
Kankakee corn-salad
Navel-shaped cornsalad
Northern valerian
Tall cornsalad
Wood's cornsalad

Valérianelle ombiliquée
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
No recent reports,
SH, G3-G5

FACW-FAC

Annual,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: Z
NYFA: 3 counties
iNat
No NY observtations

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(L.) Dufr.

1753.  Valeriana locusta  var. radiata  L.  in…
1797.  Valeriana radiata  (L.) Willd. in…
1803.  Fedia radiata  (L.) Michx. in…
1811.  Valerianella radiata  (L.) Dufr. in…
1841.  Fedia woodsiana  Torr. & A.Gray in…
1843.  Valerianella woodsiana  (Torr. & A.Gray) Walp. in…
1938.  Valerianella stenocarpa  var. parviflora  Dyal  in…
1938.  Valerianella radiata  var. missouriensis  Dyal  in…
1938.  Valerianella radiata  var. fernaldii  Dyal  in…
2018.  Valeriana woodsiana  (Torr. & A.Gray) Christenh. & Byng in…
2018.  Valeriana valerianella  Christenh. & Byng in…
Beaked corn-salad Native from
 southeastern US,
N. America native
 
NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: Excluded
iNat
No NY observations

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(L.) Laterr.

1753.  Valeriana locusta  L. in…
1776.  Valerianella olitoria  (L.) Pollich in…
1800.  Locusta communis  Delarbre in…
1805.  Fedia olitaria  (L.) Vahl in…
1821.  Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. in…
1823.  Fedia locusta  (L.) Rchb. in…
1867.  Masema olitorium  (L.) Dulac in…
European cornsalad,
Common cornsalad,
Lamb's-lettuce
Mâche douchette,
Valérianelle
Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 7 counties
6 counties

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