Flora of New York/Dipsacales

← Apiales	Flora of New York — Dipsacales				→ Lycophytes
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The order Dipsacales is here organized, down to subfamily, according to the system presented in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.^[1]

Dipsacales

Viburnaceae

Viburneae—Viburnum

Adoxeae

	Sabmbucus

	Adoxa

Caprifoliaceae

Diervilloideae

	Diervilla

	Weigela

Caprifolioideae

Linnaeoideae

	Zabelioideae

	Morinoideae

	Valerianoideae

	Dipsacoideae

↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015 - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common Names	#
Dipsacales	Viburnaceae	—	Viburneae	Viburnum	hobblebush, nannyberry, arrowwood, possumhaw, cranberrybush	19
		—	Adoxeae	Sambucus	elderberry	3
		—	Adoxeae	Adoxa	muskroot	1
	Caprifoliaceae	Diervilloideae	—	Diervilla	northern bush-honeysuckle	1
		Diervilloideae	—	Weigela	crimson weigela	2
		Caprifolioideae	—	Triosteum	horse-gentian	3
				Lonicera	honeysuckle	20
				Symphoricarpos	snowberry	4
		Linnaeoideae	—	Linnaea	twinflower	1
		Linnaeoideae	—	Kolkwitzia	beautybush	2
		Dipsacoideae	Dipsaceae	Succisella	frosted pearls	1
				Dipsacus	teasel	3
				Knautia	scabious, blue-buttons	1
				Scabiosa	scabious, pincushions	1
		Valerianoideae	—	Valeriana	valerian	3
		Valerianoideae	—	Valerianella	corn salad	3

Family ViburnaceaeEdit

The viburnum family (Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons. or Adoxaceae E. Mey., nom. cons.) in New York contains about 14 species of Viburnum, three species of Sambucus (elderberries), and the endangered Adoxa moschatellina (muskroot). These species were previously included in the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family), and have the characteristic opposite-leaf pattern of that family.

Recent sources, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, treat the Adoxaceae as Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons.^[1]^[2]

Tribe ViburneaeEdit

ViburnumEdit

Viburnum phylogenyEdit

The four major clades of Viburnum, proposed by Donoghue, Winkworth and Clement,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] are all represented in New York by about 14 species (17 taxa) of woody plants.

Viburnum

Pseudotinus

	V. lantanoides (hobblebush)

Valvatotinus

Lentago

	V. lentago (nannyberry)

	V. nudum (wild raisin)

	V. prunifolium (blackhaw)

Euviburnum

	V. lantana (wayfaring tree)

Crenotinus

Lutescentia

	V. plicatum (Japanese snowball)

Solenotinus

	V. sieboldii (Siebold’s arrowwood)

Tinus	Eurasian (none in NY)

Porphyrotinus

Molotinus

	V. rafinesquianum (downy arrowwood)

Dentata

	V. dentatum var. lucidum (smooth arrowwood)

	V. dentatum var. venosum (southern arrowwood)

Oreinotinus

	South & Central American (none in NY)

Opulus

	V. opulus var. americanum (highbush cranberry)

	V. opulus var. opulus (Guelder rose)

V. edule (squashberry)

Laminotinus

Lobata

	V. acerifolium (maple-leaved viburnum)

Succotinus

	V. dilatatum (linden arrowwood)

	V. setigerum (tea viburnum)

Viburnum clade PseudotinusEdit

Landis et al. (2019) place sect. Pseudotinus in a small, un-named, mostly east Asian clade along with sect. Urceolata. They list Viburnum lantanoides (hobblebush) as the only North American species in this clade. This clade appears to be the sister of a clade containing the Crenotinus and Valvatotinus clades.^[1]

↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Pseudotinus
Viburnum clade Pseudotinus	Hobblebush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum lantanoides Michx. 1783. Viburnum lantana var. latifolium C.F.Ludwig 1789. Viburnum lantana var. grandifolium Aiton 1803. Viburnum lantanoides Michx. 1817. Viburnum grandifolium Smith ^[1] auct. Viburnum alnifolium non Marsh.	Hobblebush, Alder-leaved viburnum, American wayfaring tree, Witch hobble Viorne bois-d'orignal, Viorne faux-lantana, Viorne à feuilles d'aulne	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ Steven D. Glenn (2013) Viburnum lantanoides Hobblebush, Technical Page. New York Metropolitan Flora Project, Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

Viburnum clade ValvatotinusEdit

Viburnum lentago

Clade Valvatotinus contains the North American section Lentago and the Eurasian section Euviburnum. Clade Valvatotinus is sister to clade Crenotinus.^[1]

↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology.

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Valvatotinus
Viburnum sect. Lentago	Viburnum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum lentago L. 1753. Viburnum lentago L. 1889. Viburnum × vetteri Zabel	Nannyberry,, Nanny-berry, Sweet viburnum, Black haw, Sheepberry Viorne flexible, Viorne lentago, Alisier, bourdaine	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies
Viburnum nudum L. var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & A.Gray 1762. Viburnum cassinoides L. 1789. Viburnum nitidum Aiton 1841. V. nudum var. cassinoides 1956. V. cassinoides var. nitidum ^[1] 1956. V. cassinoides var. harbisonii	Northern wild raisin, Wild raisin, Withe-rod, Witherod viburnum, Witherwood, Swamp haw, Possumhaw Viorne cassinoïde, Alises, Alisier, Bleuets sains, Bourdaine	Native, CoC: 7, Secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Tree, shrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies
Viburnum nudum L. var. nudum Viburnum nudum L. V. cassinoides var. angustifolium	Southern wild-rasin, Possumhaw, Withe-rod	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered OBL-FACW Perennial, Tree-shrub			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Go Botany Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Viburnum prunifolium L. 1753. Viburnum prunifolium L. 1924. Viburnum bushii Ashe 1935. Viburnum prunifolium var. bushii	Black-haw Blackhaw Black haw Sweet-haw Stagbush	Native, CoC: 4, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Shrub, Part shade			NYFA-4 USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Viburnum sect. Euviburnum	Viburnum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum lantana L. 1753. Viburnum lantana L. 1779. V. tomentosum Lam 1796. V. pallidum Salisb. (i) 1812. V. farinosum Stokes (i) V. lantana var. sphaerocarpum V. lantana var. glabratum V. aragonensis Pau	Wayfaring tree, Mealytree, Wayfaring viburnum Viorne mancienne	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 53%^[2], CP-5^[3] NE-4^[4] Perennial, Tree, shrub			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies
Viburnum sect. Euviburnum (excluded taxa)	Viburnum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl.	Leatherleaf, Leatherleaf arrowwood, Leatherleaf viburnum	Introduced from Japan, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-Excluded USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Viburnum × carlcephalum Viburnum carlesii × Viburnum macrocephalum Viburnum carlcephalum	Fragrant snowball viburnum	Introduced, Cultivated			NYFA-Excluded Images Wikispecies
↑ W. L. McAtee (1956). A Review of the Nearctic Viburnum. Chapel Hill, N.C. 125 pp. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum lantana: Moderate (53). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Viburnum clade CrenotinusEdit

Crenotinus is an Asian clade containing the sections Solenotinus and Lutescentia. It is sister to clade Valvatotinus.^[1] The two species in this clade introduced in New York occasionally naturalize and are of concern for becoming invasive.

↑ Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Crenotinus
Viburnum sect. Lutescentia	Viburnum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum plicatum Thunb. 1784. V. tomentosum Thunb. 1794. V. plicatum Thunb. 1866. V. plicatum var. tomentosum 1880. V. tomentosum var. plicatum	Japanese snowball, Doublefile viburnum	Introduced from eastern Asia, Highly invasive, Naturalized, NYS Tier 2^[1], SNA, GNR Perennial, Shrub		Broome, Dutchess, Nassau, Orange, Oswego, Rockland, Suffolk, Westchester	NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: VT
Viburnum sect. Solenotinus	Viburnum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum sieboldii Miq. 1867. Viburnum sieboldii Miq.	Siebold viburnum, Siebold’s arrowwood	Introduced from eastern Asia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 62%^[2], Naturalized, CP-5^[3] NE-4^[4], SNA, GNR Perennial, Tree, shrub		Bronx, Nassau, Putnam, Queens, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Westchester	NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers for Japanese snowball, Viburnum plicatum. NYS Tier 2. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum sieboldii: Moderate (62). ↑ Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Viburnum clade PorphyrotinusEdit

Viburnum dentatum
smooth arrowwood

Clade Porphyrotinus contains western hemisphere Viburnum species. The two sections represented in New York (Dentata and Mollotinus) contain North America species. A much larger South/Central American section (Oreinotinus) is sister to sect. Dentata.^[1]

The viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni) often defoliates smooth arrowwood (V. dentatum) and downy arrowwood (V. rafinesqueanum) from this clade, but Viburnum opulus is its preferred host.^[2]

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Porphyrotinus
Viburnum sect. Dentata	Arrowwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum recognitum Fernald 1789. Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum Aiton 1924. Viburnum ashei Bush 1941. Viburnum recognitum Fernald 1953. Viburnum recognitum var. alabamense McAtee 1953. Viburnum dentatum var. ashei (Bush) McAtee 1953. Viburnum dentatum ssp. ashei (Bush) McAtee 1956. Viburnum scabrellum var. ashei (Bush) McAtee 2011. Viburnum alabamense (McAtee) Sorrie	Smooth arrowwood Smooth arrow-wood Northern arrowwood Arrow wood Viorne litigieuse Viorne dentée	Native, CoC: 3, Secure FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN COL GBIF Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe BONAP IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Viburnum dentatum L. var. venosum (Britton) Gleason 1789. Viburnum dentatum var. pubescens Aiton 1814. Viburnum pubescens (Aiton) Pursh 1901. Viburnum venosum Britton 1952. Viburnum dentatum var. venosum (Britton) Gleason 1953. Viburnum scabrellum var. venosum	Southern arrowwood Southern arrow-wood	Native, CoC: 7, Threatened FAC Perennial, Tree-shrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-2 USDA-N Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Viburnum sect. Mollotinus	Arrowwood	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum rafinesqueanum Schult. 1820. V. rafinesquianum Schult. 1911. V. affine Bush 1918. V. affine var. hypomalacum 1935. V. rafinesquianum var. affine	Downy arrowwood, Downy-leaved arrow-wood Viorne de Rafinesque	Native, CoC: 8, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub, Part Shade - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
↑ http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/sm_arrow.htm

Viburnum clade OpulusEdit

Viburnum opulus

This small clade with a worldwide distribution is the sister to clade Laminotinus

Both sect. Lobata and sect. Opulus have leaves with somewhat of a maple-leaf shape. The native and invasive Eurasian variety of V. opulus are very similar in appearance, and some populations may be the result of introgression between the two.

In much of the state, the European V. opulus var. opulus has become more common than the American variety, partially due to distribution of the European variety by the state for "conservation" plantings.

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade "Opulus"
Viburnum sect. Opulus	Cranberrybush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton 1768. Viburnum americanum Miller 1785. Viburnum trilobum Marshall 1789. V. opulus var. americanum Aiton 1915. V. opulus ssp. americanum (Mill.) Piper & Beattie 1949. V. opulus ssp. trilobum (Marshall) R.T.Clausen 1956. V. opulus var. trilobum (Marshall) McAtee	Highbush cranberry, American cranberrybush, Cranberrybush viburnum, Mooseberry Viorne trilobée, Viorne pimbina	Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure, NE-5^[1] FACW Perennial, Shrub, Sun - part shade			NYFA-4 USDA-NN WFO Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN Tropicos LBJ Images Wikispecies Note: ^[2]
Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus 1753. Viburnum opulus L. 1753. Viburnum opulus var. roseum L. 1821. Viburnum roseum Steud.	European cranberrybush, Guelder rose	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 67%^[3], CP-3^[4] NE-4^[5]		Albany, Cayuga, Monroe, Onondaga, Oswego, Rensselaer, Suffolk	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies Note: ^[6]
Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. 1803. Viburnum opulus var. edule Michx. 1808. Viburnum edule Raf. 1838. V. opulus var. pauciflorum Raf. 1841. V. pauciflorum Torr. & A.Gray	Squashberry Mooseberry Moosewood viburnum Highbush cranberry Few-flowered cranberrybush Viorne comestible Pimbina	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, S2, G5 FACW Perennial, Shrub		Essex (1919-2009), Ulster (1991-1994)	NYFA-2 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ Category 5 Plants - native invasives - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=267 ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum opulus var. opulus: Moderate (67). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=402

Viburnum clade LaminotinusEdit

Clade Laminotinus is sister to section Opulus.

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Opuloideae — Viburneae — Viburnum — clade Laminotinus
Viburnum sect. Lobata	Viburnum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum acerifolium L. 1753. V. acerifolium L. 1860. V. densiflorum Chapm. 1956. V. acerifolium var. densiflorum	Mapleleaf viburnum, Maple-leaved viburnum, Mapleleaf arrowwood, Possum haw, Dockmackie Viorne à feuilles d'érable	Native, CoC: 7, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Tropicos NatureServe BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Viburnum sect. Succotinus	Viburnum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. 1784. V. dilatatum Thunb. 1911. V. brevipes Rehder 1966. V. d. var. macrophyllum 1966. V. fulvotomentosum P.S.Hsu 1988. V. d. var. fulvotomentosum	Linden arrowwood, Linden viburnum	Introduced from China, Japan, South Korea, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 57%^[1], NE-L^[2] IPA, Sun - part shade		Bronx, Nassau, Orange, Queens, Rockland, Suffolk	NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: ^[3]^[4]^[5]
Viburnum setigerum Hance 1882. V. setigerum Hance 1907. V. theiferum Rehder 1911. V. bodinieri H. Lév. 1965. V. setigerum var. sulcatum	Tea viburnum, Tea-leaf viburnum	Introduced from Cina, Taiwan, Invasive, NYIS: 41%^[6]		Bronx, Nassau, Queens, Rockland, Suffolk,	NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum dilatatum: Moderate (57). ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant-details/kc/c353/viburnum-dilatatum.aspx ↑ http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/v/vibdil/vibdil1.html ↑ http://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus2/factsheet.cfm?ID=585 ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum setigerum: Low (41).

Tribe AdoxeaeEdit

SambucusEdit

Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis
American black elderberry

Sambucus contains the shrubs know as elderberry or simply elder. The name Sambucus is likely derived from the Latin sambuca (a type of harp).

Some sources, including New York Flora Atlas, treat the American black elderberry as Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis, while other common sources treat it as Sambucus canadensis. The European black elderberry (Sambucus nigra s.s.) has not been discovered outside of cultivation in New York.

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Adoxoideae — Sambuceae — Sambucus
Sambucus	Elderberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sambucus racemosa 1753. Sambucus racemosa L. 1803. Sambucus pubens Michx. 1892. Sambucus callicarpa Greene 1901. Sambucus microbotrys Rydb. 1913. S. racemosa ssp. pubens House	Red elderberry, Scarlet elder, Red-berried elder, Bunchberry elder Sureau rouge	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub, Shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies
Sambucus canadensis L. 1753. Sambucus canadensis L. 1884. S. canadensis var. laciniata 1911. S. simpsonii Rehder 1994. S. nigra ssp. canadensis 2003. S. nigra var. canadensis	Common elderberry, American black elderberry, Black elder, American elder Sureau blanc, Sirop blanc, Sureau du Canada	Native, CoC: 4, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Shrub, Part shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos LBJ MBG Images Wikispecies
Sambucus nigra L. 1753. Sambucus nigra L. 1753. Sambucus nigra var. laciniata L. 1769. Sambucus laciniata Mill.	European black elderberry	Introduced from Eurasia, Not naturalized, Not reported FACW-FAC Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-0 USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos MBG Images Wikispecies
Sambucus ebulus L. 1753. Sambucus ebulus L.	Dwarf elderberry, Dwarf elder, Danewort Sureau yèble	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not naturalized, Tompkins only			NYFA-X USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

AdoxaEdit

The sole member of the Adoxa genus is muskroot (Adoxa moschatellina), which is considered endangered in New York.

Dipsacales — Viburnaceae — Adoxoideae — Adoxeae — Adoxa
Adoxa	Muskroot	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NPT
Adoxa moschatellina L. Adoxa moschatellina L.	Muskroot, Musk-root, Musk root, Moschatel, Townhall clock Moscatelline	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, DEC-A^[1], NYNHP: 1^[2] FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Go Botany-0 VASCAN BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Adoxa moschatellina. Endangered, S1/G5.

Family CaprifoliaceaeEdit

Caprifoliaceae is represented by the "Cap" in "MADCap Horse", the mnemonic used to recall which trees and shrubs have opposite leaves. (The other trees being Maple, Ash, Dogwood, and Horse-chestnut.)

Subfamily DiervilloideaeEdit

The Diervilloideae is also commonly treated as Diervillaceae Pyck (1998) (bush honeysuckle family). It should be noted that most of the non-native Caprifoliaceae species in New York also take the form of a bushes or shrubs commonly called bush honesuckle (Lonicera spp.) and are considered to be highly invasive.

DiervillaEdit

Diervilla lonicera

Diervilla contaiins three species of eastern North American bush honeysuckle. It was named in honor of the French surgeon and writer, Sieur de Dièreville, who introduced the genus to Europe after his travels to Acadia around 1700.

Its only New York native, Northern bush-honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera), is considered to be a good replacement for the invasive exotic bush honeysuckles (in Lonicera sect. Coeloxylosteum). Diervilla's other two species (D. rivularis and D. sessilifolia are native to limited regions of the southeastern U.S. but are not known to naturalize in New York.

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Diervilloideae — Diervilla
Diervilla	Bush-honeysuckle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Diervilla lonicera Mill. 1753. Lonicera diervilla L. 1768. D. lonicera Mill. 1803. D. tournefortii Michx. 1892. D. diervilla MacMill. (i) 1940. D. lonicera var. hypomalaca	Northern bush-honeysuckle, Bush-honeysuckle Dièreville chèvrefeuille, Herbe bleue	Native, CoC: 6, Secure UPL Perennial, Shrub, Shade, part shade,			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP LBJ FEIS Images Wikispecies

WeigelaEdit

Weigela floribunda

Weigela is native to eastern Asia and has been planted in New York as an ornamental shrub. Weigela floribunda has been known to naturalize in some areas in the southeastern part of the state. Weigela japonica has not been confirmed to truly naturalize.

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Diervilloideae — Weigela
Weigela Thunberg (1780)	Weigela	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Weigela floribunda (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch 1839. Diervilla floribunda Siebold & Zucc. 1854. W. floribunda (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch auct. W. floribunda var. versicolor auct.	Weigela, Crimson weigela	Introduced from eastern Asia, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-X Go Botany ARS-GRIN BONAP Images Wikispecies
Weigela japonica Thunb. 1780. Weigela japonica Thunb. 1830. Diervilla japonica (Thunb.) DC. 1839. Diervilla versicolor Siebold & Zucc. 1927. Diervilla floribunda var. versicolor (Siebold & Zucc.) Rehder	Japanese weigela	Introduced from temperate Asia, Unknown naturalization			NYFA-X USDA-EXCL ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Subfamily CaprifolioideaeEdit

The Caprifolioideae (honeysuckle subfamily)...

Tribe Caprifolieae here contains Lonicera and Symphoricarpos.^[1]

↑ Nina Theis, Michael J. Donoghue,and Jianhua Li (2008) "Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 33(4): pp. 776–783

TriosteumEdit

Triosteum aurantiacum

The New York Flora Atlas lists three species of horse gentian (Triosteum).

Triosteum species	sepal length (mm)	sepal back (abaxial surface)	sepal margins	leaf width (cm)	leaf shape	stem pubescence (mm)	style	fruit
T. aurantiacum	10 - 18	evenly pubescent	evenly pubescent	4 - 15	tapers to narrow, sessile base	> 0.5	± included	orange-red ovoid
T. perfoliatum	10 - 18	evenly pubescent	evenly pubescent	4 - 15	connate-perfoliate	≤ 0.5	exserted	yellow-orange subglobose
T. angustifolium	9 - 12	glabrous or short-pubescent	hispid-ciliate	2 - 6	lanceolate	1.5 - 3.0

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Triosteeae — Triosteum
Triosteum	Horse-gentian	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Triosteum aurantiacum E.P.Bicknell	Orangefruit horse-gentian, Wild coffee, Coffee tinker's weed	Native, CoC: 7, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Triosteum perfoliatum L.	Perfoliate-leaved horse-gentian, Perfoliate tinker's-weed, Feverwort	Native, CoC: 8, Rare Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Triosteum angustifolium L.	Lesser horse-gentian, Yellowfruit horse-gentian, Yellow-leaved tinker's-weed, Narrow-leaved horse gentian	Native, CoC: 8, Likely extirpated FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS Images Wikispecies

LoniceraEdit

Members of the Lonicera genus are mostly known as honeysuckle. There are seven native New York honeysuckles and a couple other North American honeysuckles. But there are also about a dozen Eurasian honeysuckles found in New York, many of which have become quite prevalent and are considered highly invasive in the Northeast.

Lonicera subg. CaprifoliumEdit

Lonicera dioica

Subgenus Caprifolium contains vining or trailing shrub honeysuckles with perfoliate leaves immediately beneath the flowers.

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Caprifolium
Lonicera subg. Caprifolium	Honeysuckle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lonicera dioica L. 1767. Lonicera dioica L. 1768. Lonicera glauca Hill 1830. Caprifolium douglasii Lindl. 1830. L. douglasii (Lindl.) DC. 1896. L. hirsuta var. glaucescens Rydb. 1897. L. glaucescens Rydb. 1912. L. dioica var. glaucescens Butters 1929. L. dioica var. douglasii (Lindl.) Farw. 1982. L. dioica ssp. glaucescens Á.&D.Löve	Smooth honeysuckle Limber honeysuckle Glaucous honeysuckle Mountain honeysuckle Wild honeysuckle Red honeysuckle Douglas honeysuckle Dhèvrefeuille dioïque Chèvrefeuille glauque	Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Vine, shrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: ^[1]
Lonicera hirsuta Eaton 1818. Lonicera hirsuta Eaton 1826. Lonicera pubescens Sweet 1952. Lonicera hirsuta var. interior Gleason 1968. Lonicera hirsuta var. schindleri B.Boivin	Hairy honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille hirsute, Chèvrefeuille hérissé	Native, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Vine			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lonicera sempervirens L. 1753. Lonicera sempervirens L. 1768. Periclymenum sempervirens L. 1789. L. sempervirens var. minor Aiton 1802. Caprifolium sempervirens Moench 1895. Phenianthus sempervirens Raf. 1903. L. sempervirens var. hirsutula Rehder	Trumpet honeysuckle, Coral honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille toujours vert	Native, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Vine			NYFA-4 USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera × italica Schmidt ex Tausch Lonicera caprifolium × Lonicera etrusca	Italian honeysuckle Clématite des jardins	Introduced, Europe native Perennial, Vine			NYFA-X USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera subg. Caprifolium (excluded taxa)	Honeysuckle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lonicera caprifolium L. (1753)	Italian woodbine, Italian honeysuckle, Perfoliate honeysuckle Clématite des jardins	Introduced, Europe native Perennial, Vine			NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ Many references treat all varieties of Lonicera dioica as a single taxon, but the 2003 USDA Forest Service Conservation Assessment for Red Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens) (Rydb.) Butters states that "If it is to be accepted as a variety, its correct name should be Lonicera dioica var. douglasii (Lindl.) Farw., otherwise it could be considered a minor variation within Lonicera dioica L."

Lonicera subg. LoniceraEdit

Lonicera sect. Isika & NintooaEdit

Lonicera japonica

Because sect. Nintooa appears to be embedded within sect. Isika, these two sections have been placed in the following table together.^[1]

↑ Nina Theis, Michael J. Donoghue, and Jianhua Li (2008). "Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 33(4): pp. 776–783.

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Lonicera
Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Nintooa	Honeysuckle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lonicera japonica Thunb.	Japanese honeysuckle	Introduced from East Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 84%^[1], CP3^[2] NE1^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies Note: VT
Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Isika	Honeysuckle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton Xylosteon fragrantissimum	Winter honeysuckle Sweet breath of spring Fragrant honeysuckle January jasmine	Introduced from China, Invasive			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Lonicera standishii Jacques	Standish's honeysuckle	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies
Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng. 1823. Xylosteon involucratum Richardson 1824. L. involucrata Banks ex Spreng. 1826. Lonicera ledebourii Eschsch. p.p.	Twinberry honeysuckle, Bearberry honeysuckle, California honeysuckle, Black twinberry	Introduced from west & north, N. America native, No NY reports, Cultivated			NYFA-0 USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS NatureServe BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lonicera spp.: Very high (84). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Lonicera sect. LoniceraEdit

Lonicera canadensis

The Lonicera section Lonicera (syn. sect. Coeloxylosteum sensu Rehder)^[1] in New York contains native and naturalized "fly honeysuckles" including the very-highly invasive "Eurasian bush honeysuckles."

Section Lonicera is characterized by flowers with a two-lipped corolla and hollow branches.^[2]

↑ Masayoshi Nakaji, et al. (2015). "A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) in Japan Based on Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 66(3): 137–151 Because this section contains L. xylosteum, the type species of genus Lonicera, this section should be named Lonicera as autonym.
↑ Nina Theis, Michael J. Donoghue,and Jianhua Li (2008) "Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 33(4): pp. 776–783

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Lonicera
Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Lonicera	Fly honeysuckle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lonicera canadensis Bartram & W.Bartram ex Marshall 1777. Lonicera canadensis Bartram 1785. Lonicera canadensis Marshall 1813. Xylosteon ciliatum Pursh	American fly-honeysuckle, Canada fly honeysuckle^[1], Fly Honeysuckle^[2] Chèvrefeuille du Canada	Native, CoC: 8, Secure FACU Perennial, Shrub, Sun - shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP LBJ Images Wikispecies
Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. 1822. Xylosteon oblongifolium Goldie 1833. Lonicera oblongifolia Hook. 1911. Lonicera oblongifolia var. altissima Rehder	Swamp fly-honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille à feuilles oblongues	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP IPN Images Wikispecies
Lonicera villosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. 1803. Xylosteon villosum Michx. 1819. Lonicera villosa Roem. & Schult. 1841. L. caerulea var. villosa ^[3] 1982. L. caerulea ssp. villosa	Mountain fly-honeysuckle, Northern fly-honeysuckle, Velvet honeysuckle, Blue fly honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille velu	Native, CoC: 9, Vulnerable Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-3? USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera reticulata Raf. 1838. Lonicera reticulata Raf. 1864. Caprifolium proliferum G.Kirchn. 1884. Lonicera sullivantii A.Gray 1910. L. prolifera J.R.Booth ex Rehder 1952. L. prolifera var. glabra Gleason	Grape honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille réticulé	Introduced from US Midwest, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera tatarica L. 1753. Lonicera tatarica L. 1800. Lonicera sibirica Georgi 1803. Xylosteon tataricum Michx. 1891. Caprifolium tataricum Kuntze	Tatarian honeysuckle, Tartarian honeysuckle Clématite de Tartarie	Introduced from Eurasia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86% ^[4], CP2^[5] NE1^[6], IPA VT			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera morrowii A.Gray 1857. Lonicera morrowii A.Gray 1917. Lonicera insularis Nakai 1968. Xylosteon morrowii Moldenke 2011. Lonicera tatarica var. morrowii Q.E.Yang et al.	Morrow's honeysuckle, Asian fly honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille de Morrow	Introduced from Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86% ^[4], CP2^[5] NE1^[6], IPA VT			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera × bella Zabel Lonicera morrowii × Lonicera tatarica 1889. Lonicera × bella Zabel	Bell's honeysuckle, Showy fly honeysuckle, Bella honeysuckle, Whitebell honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille de Bell, Chèvrefeuille joli	Introduced, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86% ^[4], CP2^[5] NE1^[6], IPA VT			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. 1857. Xylosteon maackii Rupr. 1859. Lonicera maackii Maxim. 1864. Lonicera maackii Herder 1891. Caprifolium maackii Kuntze	Amur honeysuckle, Bush honeysuckle, Late honeysuckle, Maack's honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille de Maack, Clématite de Maack	Introduced from Asia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 84% ^[4], CP2,^[5] NE1^[6], IPA VT			NYFA-X Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera xylosteum L. 1753. Lonicera xylosteum L. 1889. Lonicera segreziensis Lavallée ex Dippel	European fly honeysuckle, Fly honeysuckle, Dwarf honeysuckle Chèvrefeuille à balais, Camérisier à balais, Clématite des haies	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 33%^[7], CP4^[8] NE4^[9], IPA			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel 1869. Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel 1891. Caprifolium ruprechtianum Kuntze 1893. Lonicera × muscaviensis Rehder	Manchurian honeysuckle, Ruprecht's honeysuckle	Introduced from temperate Asia, Potentially invasive, Excluded			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera × notha Zabel Lonicera ruprechtiana × Lonicera tatarica 1889. Lonicera × notha Zabel	Hybrid of Manchurian & Tatarian honeysuckle	Introduced, Potentially invasive			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Lonicera subg. Lonicera sect. Lonicera (excluded taxa)	Fly honeysuckle	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lonicera × xylosteoides Tausch. Lonicera tatarica × Lonicera xylosteum 1838. Lonicera × xylosteoides Tausch	Hybrid of Tatarian honeysuckle & European fly honeysuckle	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Excluded		Excluded	NYFA-Excluded USDA-XX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ Northern Ontario Plant Database ↑ Connecticut Botanical Society ↑ GRIN treats Lonicera villosa as a synonym of L. caerulea var. villosa ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lonicera spp.: Very high (84-86). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lonicera xylosteum: Unknown (33). ↑ Appendix 4. Plant species that are considered moderately invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

SymphoricarposEdit

Symphoricarpos albus

Three species of Symphoricarpos have been found in New York. Symphoricarpos albus (snowberry) has varieties that are both native (var. albus) and introduced (var. laevigatus).

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Caprifolioideae — Caprifolieae — Symphoricarpos
Symphoricarpos	Snowberry	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake var. albus Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx.	Common snowberry, Northern snowberry, Thin-leaved snowberry, White coralberry, Waxberry Symphorine blanche	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F.Blake var. laevigatus (Fernald) S.F. Blake 1905. Symphoricarpos racemosus var. laevigatus 1914. Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus 1927. Symphoricarpos rivularis Suksd.	Pacific snowberry, Common snowberry, Smooth-leaved snowberry, Waxberry Symphorine lisse, Symphorine blanche lisse	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, G5-T5 Perennial, Shrub, subshrub			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench 1753. Lonicera symphoricarpos L. 1794. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench 1803. Symphoricarpos vulgaris Michx. 1892. Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos (L.) MacMill. (i)	Buck brush, Coralberry, Indian-coralberry, Indian-currant Symphorine à baies-de-corail	Introduced from US south, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA, G5 FACU Perennial, Shrub			NYFA-X USDA-NX ARS-GRIN ITIS BONAP Images Wikispecies
Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. (1833)	Wolfberry, Western snowberry, Northern snowberry	Introduced from midwest, N. America native, Not naturalized, SNA, G5 FACU-UPL Perennial, Shrub		Chemung (1950), Ontario, Otsego (2005), Rensselaer (1997)	NYFA-X USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subfamily LinnaeoideaeEdit

The Linnaeoideae (twinflower subfamily)...

LinnaeaEdit

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Linnaea
Linnaea L.	Twinflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Linnaea borealis L. ssp. americana (Forbes) Hultén ex R.T. Clausen Linnaea americana Forbes L. borealis ssp. americana	Twinflower, Longtube twinflower	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb, subshrub			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Go Botany LBJ Images Wikispecies

KolkwitziaEdit

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Kolkwitzia
Kolkwitzia	Beautybush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn. 1901. Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn.	Beautybush, Cold-whiskey-plant, Buisson de beauté	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2			NYFA-X USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

AbeliaEdit

Abelia × grandiflora

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Linnaeoideae — Abelia
Abelia	Abelias	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NPT
Abelia × grandiflora (Rovelli ex Andre) Rehder Abelia rupestris fo. grandiflora Rovelli Abelia rupestris var. grandiflora Rovelli 1886. Abelia rupestris fo. grandiflora Rovelli ex André 1886. Abelia rupestris var. grandiflora Rovelli ex André 1892. Abelia × rupestris Späth 1900. Abelia × grandiflora (Rovelli ex Andre) Rehder 2013. Linnaea × grandiflora (Rovelli ex André) Christenh.	Glossy abelia	Introduced, US: established (category C3), Invasive.org: [1]		NYFA: ? counties iNat: 4 counties	GBIF iNaturalist Images Wikispecies

Subfamily DipsacoideaeEdit

The Dipsacoideae (teasel subfamily) is native to a region centered on the Mediterranean and has no members that are native to the western hemisphere.^[1]

↑ Carlson & al. "Phylogeny and character evolution in Dipsacaceae" TAXON 58(4) November 2009: 1075–1091

Tribe DipsaceaeEdit

SuccisellaEdit

Succisella inflexa

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Succiseae — Succisella
Succisella Beck	Succisella	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Succisella inflexa (Kluk) Beck 1803. Scabiosa australis Wulfen 1809. Scabiosa inflexa Kluk 1830. Succisa australis Rchb. 1893. Succisella inflexa Beck	Devil’s bit Southern succisella Frosted pearls Succiselle infléchie	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX VASCAN Images Wikispecies

DipsacusEdit

Dipsacus fullonum

Teasels (Dipsacus spp.) are common weeds in New York, introduced from Eurasia.

The most common teasels in New York State are wild fuller's teasels (Dipsacus fullonum).

The least common are the cultivated fuller's teasels (Dipsacus sativus) which have been used as natural combs in the textile industry since the Middle Ages.^[1]

Cut-leaf teasels (Dipsacus laciniatus) have turned out to be the most invasive. They seem to be increasing in population and are on the DEC's list of Prohibited Invasive Species.^[2]^[3]

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Dipsaceae — Dipsacus
Dipsacus L.	Teasel	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Dipsacus fullonum L. 1753. Dipsacus fullonum L. 1762. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. 1778. Dipsacus fullonum var. sylvestris Schmalh. 1909. Dipsacus arcimusci Lojac. 1962. Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris A.R.Clapham.	Common teasel, Wild fuller's teasel, Wild teazle Cardaire sauvage	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Highly invasive, NYIS Tier: 4, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [2], Naturalized Biennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX GBIF WFO Kew POWO Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Dipsacus laciniatus L. 1753. Dipsacus laciniatus L.	Cutleaf teasel, Cut-leaf teasel, Cut-leaved teasel, Laciniate teasel Cardère découpée, Cardère laciniée	Introduced from Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 76%^[1], Prohibited^[2], NYS Tier 4^[3]		NYFA: 11 counties iNat: 0 counties	NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckn. 1762. Dipsacus fullonum Huds. non L. 1763. Dipsacus fullonum var. sativus L. 1767. Dipsacus sativus (L.) Garsault 1782. Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckn. 1912. Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sativus Thell.	Cultivated teasel, Cultivated fuller's teasel, Indian teasel, Fuller's teasel	Introduced from Mediterrean, Not naturalized, USGS: L48 established, SNA, GNR, NSE: Exotic FACU Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 3 counties iNat: No NY observations	NYFA-X USDA-X0 GBIF iNaturalist ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Dipsacus laciniatus: Highly invasive (76%). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ New York State Invasive Species Tiers for Dipsacus laciniatus. NYS Tier 4. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program

CephalariaEdit

Cephalaria gigantea

Cephalaria gigantea (giant scabious) was collected from Madison County in 1982. It is unknown whether the plant was naturalized.

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Dipsaceae — Cephalaria
Cephalaria	Scabious	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cephalaria gigantea Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov	Giant scabious	Introduced, Unknown naturalization		NYFA: Madison (1982) iNat: no observations	NYFA-Xu Images Wikispecies

Tribe KnautieaeEdit

KnautiaEdit

Knautia arvensis

Bluebuttons or field scabiosa

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Knautieae — Knautia
Knautia	Scabious	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. 1753. Scabiosa arvensis L. 1823. Knautia arvensis Coult.	Field scabiosa, Field-scabious, Bluebuttons, Blue-buttons Knautie des champs, Scabieuse des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, IPA			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Tribe ScabioseaeEdit

ScabiosaEdit

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Dipsacoideae — Scabioseae — Scabiosa
Scabiosa	Pincushions	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Scabiosa columbaria L. 1753. Scabiosa columbaria L.	Dove pincushions, Pincushion flower, Yellow scabious Oeil de perdrix, Colombaire	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa			NYFA-X USDA-X0 Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Subfamily ValerianoideaeEdit

The Valerianoideae is often included in the Valerianaceae (valerian family)...

ValerianaEdit

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Valerianoideae — Valeriana
Valeriana	Valerian	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Valeriana uliginosa (Torr. & A.Gray) Rydb. 1842. V. sylvatica var. uliginosa Torr. & A.Gray 1918. Valeriana uliginosa Rydb. 1901. Valeriana dubiosa Gand. 1951. V. sitchensis ssp. uliginosa F.G.Mey. 1952. V. septentrionalis var. uliginosa Gleason 1966. V. sitchensis var. uliginosa B.Boivin	Marsh valerian, Swamp valerian, Mountain valerian Valériane des tourbières, Valériane uligineuse	Native, Endangered, CA			NYFA-1-2 USDA- Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies
Valeriana officinalis L. 1753. Valeriana officinalis L. 1932. Valeriana stubendorfii Kreyer ex Kom. 1933. Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F.Maek.	Garden heliotrope, Common valerian, European valerian, Garden valerian Valériane officinale, Valériane cultivée	Introduced from Eurasia, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 62%^[1], Prohibited in CT, Finger Lakes Tier 4			NYFA-X USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos NatureServe Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Valeriana officinalis: Moderate (62). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

ValerianellaEdit

Dipsacales — Caprifoliaceae — Valerianoideae — Valerianella
Valerianella	Cornsalad	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. 1753. Valeriana locusta var. radiata L. 1811. Valerianella radiata Dufr. 1938. V. stenocarpa var. parviflora Dyal 1843. Valerianella woodsiana Walp.	Beaked corn-salad	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2-4 USDA-N Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Valerianella chenopodiifolia (Pursh) DC. 1814. Fedia chenopodiifolia Pursh 1830. Valerianella chenopodiifolia DC.	Goose-foot corn-salad, Goosefoot valerian Valérianelle à feuilles de chénopode	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA- VASCAN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Valerianella umbilicata (Sull.) Alph.Wood 1842. Fedia umbilicata Sull. 1848. Fedia patellaria Sull. 1861. Valerianella umbilicata Alph.Wood 1861. Valerianella patellaria Alph.Wood 1872. V. radiata var. umbilicata Porter 1884. V. woodsiana var. umbilicata A.Gray 1938. Valerianella intermedia Dyal 1952. V. radiata var. intermedia Gleason	Navel cornsalad, Corn salad, Kankakee corn-salad, Navel-shape corn-salad, Northern corn salad	Native, Endangered, No recent reports			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Valerianella locusta	European cornsalad, Common cornsalad, Lamb's-lettuce Mâche douchette, Valérianelle	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA- ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

← Apiales	Flora of New York — Dipsacales				→ Lycophytes
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

[1] P. F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015 - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.

[2] Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 (and more or less continuously updated since).

[3] Viburnaceae Raf. at Plants of the World Online (POWO) 18 March 2021

[4] R.C. Winkworth & M.J. Donoghue (2005). "Viburnum phylogeny based on combined molecular data: implications for taxonomy and biogeography." American journal of botany, 92(4), 653–666. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.4.653

[5] Wendy L Clement and Michael J Donoghue (2012). "Barcoding success as a function of phylogenetic relatedness in Viburnum, a clade of woody angiosperms," BMC Evolutionary Biology 12:73

[6] Wendy L Clement, Mónica Arakaki, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2014). "A chloroplast tree for Viburnum (Adoxaceae) and its implications for phylogenetic classification and character evolution." American Journal of Botany 101(6): 1029–1049

[7] Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027

[8] Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027

[9] Steven D. Glenn (2013) Viburnum lantanoides Hobblebush, Technical Page. New York Metropolitan Flora Project, Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

[10] Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology.

[11] W. L. McAtee (1956). A Review of the Nearctic Viburnum. Chapel Hill, N.C. 125 pp.

[12] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum lantana: Moderate (53). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

[CP5-13] Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[14] Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[15] Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027

[16] New York State Invasive Species Tiers for Japanese snowball, Viburnum plicatum. NYS Tier 2. 2021 New York Natural Heritage Program.

[17] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Viburnum sieboldii: Moderate (62).

[CP5-18] Appendix 5. Plant species of concern (Watch List) within the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[19] Category 4 Plants - local concern and monitoring - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

[20] Michael J. Landis, Deren A. R. Eaton, Wendy L. Clement, Brian Park, Elizabeth L. Spriggs, Patrick W. Sweeney, Erika J. Edwards, Michael J. Donoghue (2019). "Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum." Systematic Biology doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa027

[21] "Viburnum Leaf Beetle." New York State Department of Environmental Conservation website. 17-Sep-2016.

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