Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5
Open Game | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Position in Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Moves: 1. e4 e5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECO code: C20–C99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent: King's Pawn Game | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Responses: |
1...e5 · Open GameEdit
1...e5, the Open Game (or Double King's Pawn Game), is Black's classical response to 1. e4. By mirroring White's move, Black grabs an equal share of the centre and scope to develop some pieces. 1...e5 is one of the few moves that directly interferes with White's ideal plan of playing d4.
But, the move's merit is also a drawback: the longer the position remains symmetrical, the longer White will have an advantage by moving first. Also, the pawn on e5 is undefended, and it is easy for White to develop in a way that restricts Black's possible responses, by simply threatening to capture it.
Though the move is still common at every level, it saw a modest decline in popularity during the 20th century.
White's responsesEdit
The overwhelmingly popular move here – about 10 times more common than everything else combined – is 2. Nf3.
This threatens Black's undefended pawn while developing a piece in preparation for castling on the kingside. The developed knight also defends the d4 square preparing for a future d2-d4 pawn push.
2. Bc4, the Bishop's Opening, and 2. Nc3, the Vienna Game, are simple alternative ways of developing a piece.
They don't give Black a particular problem to deal with, but they aren't bad moves either, and they keep open the option of either d4 or f4.
Another plan is to try and lever open the f-file for an attack on Black's weak f7 point with 2. f4, the King's Gambit.
This was popular in Victorian times and earlier, but Black has now found a few reliable ways of grabbing the proffered pawn and keeping it.
Or, White can smash the centre open with 2. d4 in order to develop pieces with great speed, sacrificing a pawn or two if necessary.
Less common responsesEdit
Other less common moves:
StatisticsEdit
- Approximate chances
- White win ??%, Draw ??%, Black win ??%.
- Estimated next move popularity
- Nf3 81%, f4 6%, Nc3 6%, Bc4 4%, d4 2%, all others less than 0.5%
Theory tableEdit
1. e4 e5
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Evaluation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ruy Lopez | Nf3 Nc6 |
Bb5 a6 |
Ba4 Nf6 |
O-O Be7 |
Re1 b5 |
Bb3 d6 |
= |
Bishop's Opening | Bc4 Nf6 |
d4 exd4 |
Nf3 Bb4+ |
c3 dxc3 |
bxc3 Bc5 |
e5 d5 |
= |
King's Gambit | f4 exf4 |
Nf3 g5 |
h4 g4 |
Ne5 Nf6 |
Bc4 d5 |
exd5 Bd6 |
= |
Vienna Game | Nc3 Nf6 |
f4 d5 |
fxe5 Nxe4 |
Nf3 Be7 |
d4 Bb4 |
Bd2 Bg4 |
= |
Center Game | d4 exd4 |
Qxd4 Nc6 |
Qe3 Nf6 |
Nc3 Bb4 |
Bd2 O-O |
O-O-O Re8 |
= |
Indian Opening | d3 Nc6 |
= | |||||
Parham Attack | Qh5 Nc6 |
Bc4 g6 |
Qf3 Nf6 |
Ne2 Bg7 |
Nbc3 d6 |
= | |
Centre Pawn Opening | c3 d5 |
= | |||||
Napoleon Opening | Qf3 Nf6 |
= | |||||
Alapin's Opening | Ne2 Nf6 |
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Portuguese Opening | Bb5 c6 |
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Fernando Torres Opening | g4 |
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Bongcloud Attack | Ke2 Ke7 |
ReferencesEdit
- Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (Editor), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
- Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. 1999. Nick de Firmian, Walter Korn. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
- Kasparov, Garry, & Keene, Raymond 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
External linksEdit
- 365Chess: 1. e4 e5