Spanish/Lesson 7
Grammar - Preterite (el pretérito indefinido)
editThe following table shows the preterite of regular verbs. Regular -er and -ir verbs follow the exact same pattern. Note that the nosotros form is the same as in the present tense for -ar and -ir verbs, so you have to know the context to figure out the time. Also, note that the last letter of comí and viví has an accent mark.
hablar (-ar) | to talk | comer (-er) | to eat | vivir (-ir) | to live | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yo | hablé | I talked | comí | I ate | viví | I lived |
tú | hablaste | you talked | comiste | you ate | viviste | you lived |
Ud./él/ella | habló | he/she talked | comió | he/she ate | vivió | he/she lived |
nosotros/as | hablamos | we talked | comimos | we ate | vivimos | we lived |
vosotros/as | hablastéis | you (all) talked | comistéis | you (all) ate | vivistéis | you (all) lived |
Uds./ellos/as | hablaron | they talked | comieron | they ate | vivieron | they lived |
Here is a list of common verbs that have an irregular preterite:
dar | decir | estar | hacer | |
---|---|---|---|---|
yo | di | dije | estuve | hice |
tú | diste | dijiste | estuviste | hiciste |
Ud./él/ella | dio | dijo | estuvo | hizo |
nosotros/as | dimos | dijimos | estuvimos | hicimos |
vosotros/as | disteis | dijisteis | estuvisteis | hicisteis |
Uds./ellos/as | dieron | dijeron | estuvieron | hicieron |
ir | poder | poner | querer | |
---|---|---|---|---|
yo | fui | pude | puse | quise |
tú | fuiste | pudiste | pusiste | quisiste |
Ud./él/ella | fue | pudo | puso | quiso |
nosotros/as | fuimos | pudimos | pusimos | quisimos |
vosotros/as | fuisteis | pudisteis | pusisteis | quisisteis |
Uds./ellos/as | fueron | pudieron | pusieron | quisieron |
saber | ser | tener | venir | |
---|---|---|---|---|
yo | supe | fui | tuve | vine |
tú | supiste | fuiste | tuviste | viniste |
Ud./él/ella | supo | fue | tuvo | vino |
nosotros/as | supimos | fuimos | tuvimos | vinimos |
vosotros/as | supisteis | fuisteis | tuvisteis | vinisteis |
Uds./ellos/as | supieron | fueron | tuvieron | vinieron |
Exercise: Preterite
Grammar - Imperfect (el pretérito imperfecto)
editThe following table shows the imperfect of regular verbs. Note that regular -er and -ir verbs follow the exact same pattern:
hablar (-ar) |
to talk | comer (-er) |
to eat | vivir (-ir) |
to live | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yo | hablaba | I was talking | comía | I was eating | vivía | I was living |
tú | hablabas | you were talking | comías | you were eating | vivías | you were living |
Ud./él/ella | hablaba | he/she was talking | comía | he/she was eating | vivía | he/she was living |
nosotros/as | hablábamos | we were talking | comíamos | we were eating | vivíamos | we were living |
vosotros/as | hablabais | you (all) were talking | comíais | you (all) were eating | vivíais | you (all) were living |
Uds./ellos/as | hablaban | they were talking | comían | they were eating | vivían | they were living |
There are only three verbs that are irregular in the imperfect:
ir | ser | ver | |
---|---|---|---|
yo | iba | era | veía |
tú | ibas | eras | veías |
Ud./él/ella | iba | era | veía |
nosotros/as | íbamos | éramos | veíamos |
vosotros/as | ibais | erais | veíais |
Uds./ellos/as | iban | eran | veían |
Grammar - Preterite vs. Imperfect
editSpanish has two tenses that correspond to the English simple past. Roughly speaking, the Preterite is used to tell What happened - it refers to a specific event.
Preterite is used for... |
Example |
A specific event |
Ayer comí una hamburguesa. |
Beginning/end of an event |
La fiesta terminó a las tres de la mañana. |
A series of events |
Carlos salió de la universidad, compró ropa y volvió a casa. |
Preterite | Key words |
---|---|
esta mañana | this morning |
anoche | last night |
ayer | yesterday |
el otro día | the other day |
el lunes pasado | last Monday |
la semana pasada | last week |
el mes pasado | last month |
el año pasado | last year |
hace dos años | two years ago |
en ese momento | at that moment |
entonces | then |
The Imperfect is used to tell How things were - it refers to the general situation.
Imperfect is used for... |
Example |
Habitual events |
A veces Einstein se equivocaba. |
Time in the past |
Eran las dos de la tarde. |
Conditions (physical or mental) |
Era un día muy caluroso. |
Imperfect | Key words |
---|---|
siempre | always |
generalmente | usually |
a menudo | often |
muchas veces | many times |
a veces | sometimes |
nunca | never |
todos los días | every day |
cada día | |
cada año | every year |
Exercise: Preterite vs. Imperfect
El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La casa (The house)
editLa casa | The house |
---|---|
la habitación / el cuarto / la pieza / la sala / la recámara | the room |
el dormitorio / el cuarto / la pieza | the bedroom |
el estar / la sala de estar / el cuarto de estar | the living room |
el comedor | the dining room |
la cocina | the kitchen |
el baño / el cuarto de baño / el servicio / el excusado | the bathroom |
la(s) escalera(s) | the stairs |
el sótano / el subsuelo | the basement |
el techo / el tejado | the roof |
el techo / el cielo raso | the ceiling |
el piso / el suelo | the floor |
la pared | the wall |
el muro | the wall |
la ventana | the window |
el ropero / el armario / el clóset | the closet |
la mesa | the table |
la silla | the chair |
el espejo | the mirror |
el lavabo / el lavamanos / el lavatorio | the bathroom sink, the lavatory |
En la cocina... | In the kitchen... |
---|---|
la nevera / el frigorífico / el refrigerador / la heladera | the refrigerator |
el lavaplatos / el lavavajilla | the dishwasher |
el fregadero / la pileta | the kitchen sink |
la cocina | the stove, the cooker |
el horno | the oven |
el (horno) microondas | the microwave |
la olla | the pot |
la sartén | the (frying) pan |
En el comedor... | In the dining room... |
---|---|
el plato | the plate |
la taza | the cup |
el tazón / el bol | the bowl |
el vaso | the glass |
la copa | the goblet, the wineglass |
el tenedor | the fork |
el cuchillo | the knife |
la cuchara | the spoon |
la servilleta | the napkin |