Novial/Hound Lesson 4

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Li Kaptate

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Li manuskrite kontinua:

”Eventad ke ye un yule disi minim honorabli Hugo kun sink o six ek sen otiosi kompanes vadad al ferme por aracha li yuna durant ke lan patro e fratros esed for. Kand les had porta la al kastelete, les klefad la in li maxim superi chambre, durant ke Hugo e sen amikes sidad por drinka multi alkohole, kom les did ye omni vespre.

”Li yuna timad li klamado e malediktiones kel venid ek subu. Finalim pro timo la fad tu kel min bravi home vud tima e la klimad subu per hedre kel kreskad an li sudi mure. Tand la fugad tra li agres a hem. Kelkitem plu tardim Hugo livad sen gastes por porta manjaje e drinke a sen kaptate. Tand lo devenid tam irati kam diable e hastad subu per li eskalere, saltad a sur li table e dikted ke on deved senda li hundes vers la. Hugo kursed ek li hause klamant al serveres ke les sadla sen maxim bon kavala e ke les lasa li hundes eku. Lo donad nase-tuke del yuna al hundes e sub lume del lune departad tra li agres. Dek-tri ek lon kompanes prendad sen kavales e probad seku Hugo e li hundes."

Vocabulary

a hem – (to) home, homewards
a sur – onto (Literally: to on)
agre – field
alkohole – alcohol
an – at, on (next to or contiguous with something)
aracha – snatch away, pull out
bravi – brave
departa – (to) depart
deve – ought, should (auxiliary verb)
deveni – (to) become
diable – devil
drinka – (to) drink
drinke – drink
eku – out, outwards
eskalere – stairs
ferme – farm
finalim – finally
for – away
fratro – brother
fuga – (to) flee
gaste – guest
had – had (pluperfect auxiliary verb)
hasta – (to) rush, hurry
hedre – ivy
heme – home
honorabli – honourable
irati – angry
kam – as, than (after a comparative)
kaptate – captive, prisoner
kastelete – manor house, chateau, small castle
kavala – mare
kavale – horse
kelkitem – sometime, sometimes
klamado – shouting
klamant(i) – shouting
klefa – (to) lock
klima – (to) climb
kompane – companion, mate
kontinua – (to) continue
kreska – (to) grow
kun – with
kurse – (to) run
lasa – let, allow
liva – (to) leave
lune – moon
manjaje – food
maxim bon – best(superlative)
min – less (comparative)
minim – least (superlative)
mure – wall
nase-tuke – handkerchief
o – or
omni – all, every
otiosi – idle, unoccupied
patro – father
per – by, by means of, with
plu – more (comparative)
plu tardim – later (adverb)
por – for, for the sake of, in order to
prenda – (to) take
proba – (to) try, attempt
sadla – (to) saddle
salta – (to) jump
seku – (to) follow
senda – (to) send
servere – servant
sub – below, under
subu – downwards, down
sudi – southern, south
superi – upper
table – table
tam – as (comparative)
tam…kam… – as…as… (comparative)
tand – then, at that time
tardim – late (adverb)
timo – fear
tra – through
vada – (to) go
vespre – evening
yule – Christmas

Grammar Notes

Pluperfect Tense

The pluperfect tense is formed by placing the auxiliary verb had in front of the present tense of the verb:

lo had salta a sur li table – he had jumped onto the table

Prepositions and Adverbs from Prepositions

Adverbs are formed from prepositions by adding -u as seen in these examlpes:

lo non es inu – he is not in
prou (= pro tu) – therefore, on account of that
anteu (= ante tu) – formerly, before that
durantu – during that time, meanwhile
li hundes kursed eku – the dogs ran out (of somewhere)
exeptu (=exept tu) – with that exception
lo sidad proxim li porte, e lon filia sidad proximu (= proxim lo) –

he sat near the door and his daughter sat nearby (= near him)

lo vadad subu – he went down(wards)
les es kunu noktim e jornim – they are together night and day

Prepositions before the Infinitive

English phrases such as without going, before seeing etc. are translated with the appropriate preposition followed by the infinitive (same as the present tense):

me had departa ante vida la – I had left before seeing her

nus vadad por vida la – we went (in order) to see her

Infinitive Clauses

The following examples show this English construction and how it can be translated:

me voli ke vu veni – I want you to come (Literally: I want that you come)

Use a preposition with a definite literal meaning if it makes sense:

la sendad li serveres por porta manjaje – she sent the servants to bring food

Another way to express the infinitive clause is seen in the second of these examples:

les varta ke me ariva – they wait for me to arrive (Literally: they wait for that I arrive)

or:

les varta men arivo – they wait for my arrival

Where arivo is the verbal noun (arrival or arriving) derived from the verb ariva. (This will be covered thoroughly in lesson 6)

However, the following is grammatically identical and may be used:

me voli vun venio – I want you to come (Literally: I want your coming).

Comparative and Superlative

Adjectives and adverbs are compared as follows:

plu bon kam – better than
tam bon kam – as good as
min bon kam – less good than
maxim bon ek – best (out) of
minim bon ek – least good (out) of

la es li maxim grandi – she is the biggest
la es plu grandi kam me – she is bigger than I (am)
la es tam grandi kam me – she as big as I (am)
la es min grandi kam me – she is less big than I (am)
la es li minim grandi – she is the least big

lo kurse maxim bonim ek les – he runs best out of them
lo kurse plu bonim kam me – he runs better than I
lo kurse tam bonim kam me – he runs as well as I
lo kurse min bonim kam me – he runs less well than I
lo kurse minim bonim ek nus – he runs least well out of us

Kam is used in making comparisons, even where English does not use than:

me prefera disu kam tu – I prefer this to that

Translate as good as possible and similar phrases like this:

maxim bon posibli

EXERCISE • Hound Lesson 4 • Word Derivation

Use endings and affixes to convert the following Novial root words to the English words indicated.

kun – together
lune – lunar
patro – parents
maxim – maximal
maxim – to maximize
fratro – siblings
kavale – stallion
bravi – bravery
sub – down, downwards
minim – minimal
minim – to minimize
sovaji – savages

SOLUTION • Novial/Hound Lesson 4 • Word Derivation

kunu
lunal
patres
maximal
maximisa or maximifika
fratres
kavalo
braveso
subu
minimal
minimisa or minimifika
sovajes

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