Novial/Hound Lesson 3

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Li Legende

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”Ma me did kreda ke vu volid konsulta me pri kelkum moderni e praktikal.”

”Tre moderni. Tre praktikal, importanti kose kel on mus solu in duanti-quar hores. Ma li manuskrite es kurti e relate proximim al probleme. Dunke me sal lekte lu a vus.“

Holmes apoyad retro in sen stule e klosad sen okules. Doktoro Mortimer turnad li manuskrite vers li lume e lekted disi stranji, oldi naratione:

”On ha dikte multi diferanti rakontes pri li origine del Hunde del Baskervilles. Ankore pro ke Hugo Baskerville es men ansestre e pro ke me lernad li rakonte fro men patro e lo fro sen patro, me nun skripte te kel me kreda verim ha eventa. Lerna dunke fro ti rakonte e sorga non liberisa tal mali pasiones, kel porta sufro a nusen familie.

”Ye li tempe del sivili milite li proprietere de dis estate esed Hugo Baskerville, kel esed verim sovaji, sindeal viro. Hugo did ama li filia de farmere, kel proprietad lande proxim li estate de Baskerville. Ma li bon yuna evitad lo, pro ke la timad lon mal nome.”

Vocabulary

ama – (to) love
ankore – yet, still
ansestre – ancestor
apoya – (to) lean
diferant(i) – different
dunke – therefore, so, consequently
estate – estate
eventa – to happen
evita – (to) avoid
farmere – farmer
filia – daughter
fro – from
hore – hour
important(i) – important
kel – which, who, that, what (see)
kelkum – something
klosa – (to) close
komensa – (to) begin
konsulta – (to) consult
kreda – (to) believe
kurti – short
lande – land, country
lekte – (to) read
lerna – (to) learn
liberisa – (to) free, liberate
lume – light
milite – war
moderni – modern, new
multi – many, much
mus – must, have to (auxiliary verb)
naratione – narration, story
nome – name
nun – now
okule – eye
on – one, people, we, you, they
origine – origin
pasione – passion
patro – father
porta – (to) carry
pri – about, concerning
pro ke – because
proprieta – (to) own
proprietere – owner, proprieter
proxim – close to
proximim – closely
rakonte – story
relate – (to) relate to
retro – back, backwards
sal – will, shall (future auxiliary verb)
sindeal(i) – godless
sivil(i) – civil
skripte – (to) write
solu – (to) solve
sorga – (to) take care of, look after, take pains with
sovaji – savage, wild
stranji – strange
stule – chair
sufro – suffering
tal(i) – such a, of that kind
te kel – that which, what
tempe – time
ti (-e, -o, -a, -u) – that (see Grammar Notes)
tima – (to) fear
tre – very (much)
turna – (to) turn
verim – truly
vers – towards
viro – man
voli – (to) want
yun(i) – young
yuna – young woman, girl

Grammar Notes

Relative Pronouns

The relative pronoun in English takes several forms (who, whom, which, that). In Novial one word, kel, can serve for all of these:

evita pasiones, kel porta sufro – avoid passions which (that) bring suffering
li yuna, kel me ama, es bel – the young woman, whom (that) I love, is beautiful
me donad lu al proprietere, kel es oldi viro – I gave it to the owner who is an old man
li stule, sur kel me sida, es grandi – the chair, on which I sit, is big

The English possessive (whose) is translated as kelen or de kel:

li farmere, kelen filia me ama, es oldi viro – the farmer, whose daughter I love, is an old man
li farmere, li filia de kel me ama, es oldi viro – the farmer, the daughter of whom I love, is an old man

If necessary in order to avoid ambiguity the endings -o, -a, -u may be used to indicate sex or lack of sex and -s may be used to indicate a plural:

li filia del doktoro, kela me ha renkontra, es inteligenti – the daughter of the doctor, whom I have met, is intelligent (I met the daughter not the doctor)
tima li ansestres e li pasiones, kelus pove ankore veni a vu – fear the ancestors and the passions, which can yet come to you (the passions can come not the ancestors)

EXERCISE • Hound Lesson 3 • Relative Pronouns

In the following sentences translate the English in brackets into Novial.

Lo parlad a Holmes (who) sidad in (his own) stule..
La lekte li manuskrite (which) es sur li table.
Lo have pasiones fro (which) lo sufra.
Me sal renkontra li proprietere (whose) filia es yuni.
Li farmere (who) proprieta li lande es oldi.
Me have (this) importanti probleme.
(That) naratione es stranji.
Me sal dikte (what) me lernad fro (that) manuskrite.
Dis yuno ama li (young woman).
Li (young people) ama (their own) amikes.

SOLUTION • Novial/Hound Lesson 3 • Relative Pronouns

Lo parlad a Holmes kel sidad in sen stule..
La lekte li manuskrite kel es sur li table.
Lo have pasiones fro kel lo sufra.
Me sal renkontra li proprietere kelen filia es yuni.
Li farmere kel proprieta li lande es oldi.
Me have disi importanti probleme.
Ti naratione es stranji.
Me sal dikte tu kel me lernad fro ti manuskrite.
Dis yuno ama li yuna.
Li yunes ama sen amikes.

Verbs – Future Tense

The future tense is formed by placing the auxiliary verb sal in front of the present tense of the verb:

me sal evita tal stranji viros – I shall avoid such strange men

Adverbs from Adjectives

An adjective may be converted to a corresponding adverb by adding -m after the final -i:

diferanti – different
diferantim – differently
proximi – close
proximim – closely

(Note that proximi without the -i is proxim, a preposition meaning close to (something).)

This and That – Pronouns from Adjectives

As we have already seen with personal pronouns and nouns with natural sex differences, Novial has convenient endings to distinguish sexless things, male, female and male or female. The demonstrative adjectives ti (that) and disi (this) use the same endings to provide the corresponding pronouns with such distinctions. Remember that adjectives themselves (here ti and disi) do not change form or agree with their noun. However, the derived pronouns have alternative endings to indicate sex and number:

ti kose – that thing
tu – that (one) (sexless thing)
te – that one (male or female)
ta – that one (female)
to – that one (male)
tus – those (ones) (sexless things)
tes – those (male or female or a mixture of both)
tas – those (female)
tos – those (male)

disi kose – this thing
disu – this (one) (sexless thing)
dise – this one (male or female)
disa – this one (female)
diso – this one (male)
disus – these (sexless things)
dises – these (male or female or a mixture of both)
disas – these (female)
disos – these (male)

As with the third person pronouns, le and les, it is convenient to use te, tes and dise, dises to indicate either sexless things or persons or a mixture of both without being specific.

Pronouns may be formed from other adjectives in the same way:

yuni filia – young daughter
yuna – young woman (also young female of animals)
yuni filio – young son
yuno – young man (also young male of animals)
yuni home – young person
yune – a youth
yunes – youths, young ones
yunu – young thing

Verbal Suffixes -ISA and -IFIKA

The suffixes –isa and –ifika are used to make verbs meaning to make, make into or render. For example:

liberi – liberisa (free – liberate, make free, free)
real – realisa (real – make real, realize)

kurti – kurtifika (short – shorten, make short)
veri – verifika (true – verify)

Verbs meaning to provide with , cover with are made with –isa (but not with –ifika):

alkohole – alkoholisa (alcohol – alcoholize)
lume – lumisa (light – light (up))

Substantival Suffix -ERE

The person who performs an action is formed from a verb with the suffix –ere.

proprieta – proprietere (to own – owner, proprietor)
fuma – fumere (to smoke – smoker)
visita – visitere (to visit – visitor)

EXERCISE • Hound Lesson 3 • Word Derivation

Use endings and affixes to convert the following Novial root words to the English words indicated.

ama – lover (male or female)
importanti – importantly
lekte – reader
nome – to name, give a name
papere – to paper, cover with paper
lerna – learner
yuni – to make young, rejuvinate
stranji – strangely
sufra – sufferer
importanti – make important
jorne – by day
lume – to light, shine light on

SOLUTION • Novial/Hound Lesson 3 • Word Derivation

amere
importantim
lektere
nomisa
paperisa
lernere
yunifika
stranjim
sufrere
importantifika
jornim
lumisa

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Contents – Lesson 1 – Lesson 2 - Lesson 3 - Lesson 4 – Lesson 5 - Lesson 6 – Lesson 7

Prefixes – Suffixes