Novial/Hound Appendix 2

Contents – Lesson 1 – Lesson 2 – Lesson 3 – Lesson 4 – Lesson 5 – Lesson 6 – Lesson 7 -

Prefixes - Suffixes

Substantival Suffixes (which form nouns)

-eso	to form abstracts, denotes state of being	vereso truth, state of being true	febleso weakness	venkateso defeat
-o	forms verbal nouns	ploro weeping	opino thinking, opinion	sentio feeling, feel
-(t)ione	denotes partly the result (as a whole) or the resulting state, partly the way or manner in which something is done	definitione definition	evolutione evolution	satisfaktione satisfaction
-um	denotes the product of action (as distinct from the way in which it is done) to be added to the passive participle	fabrikatum manufactured article	printatum printed matter	kopiatum copy, something copied
-ure	denotes the result or product (as distinct from the act itself)	pikture picture	inventure invention	fotografure photograph
-ere -iste	denote operator or person occupied with	bakere baker	konsiliste councillor	klimere climber
-iste	used for human beings, denotes adherents of a doctrine or those occupied in certain professions	ateiste atheist	dentiste dentist	sientiiste scientist
-isme	denotes doctrine	ateisme atheism	kapitalisme capitalism	sosialisme socialism
-iere	denotes a person or thing characterized by a certain object or considered as its bearer	pomiere apple tree	kandeliere candle holder	milioniere millionnaire
-arie	denotes recipient of an action, the person for whom something is destined	sendarie addressee	pagarie payee	mandatarie mandate holder
-ia	denotes the domain, province or country of someone	Anglia England	filosofia philosophy	printeria printing office
-torie	denotes place where something is done	observatorie observatory	dormitorie dormitory	promenatorie promenade
-aje	denotes something made of, consisting of, having the character of	lanaje woolen goods	lignaje woodwork	subtilaje (a) subtlety
-ede	denotes quantity which fills something	kulierede spoonful	manuede handful	bokede mouthful
-aro	denotes a collection, group, or set of things	homaro mankind	vortaro vocabulary	aristokrataro aristocracy
-ide	denotes descendant	Atreide son of Atreus	regide person of royal blood	Napoleonide descendant of Napoleon
-yune	denotes young one	bovyune calf	hanyune chick	katyune kitten

Verbal Suffixes (which form verbs)

-ira	denotes living beings acting as	profetira to prophesy	rivalira to rival	rebelira to rebel
-isa -ifika	to make into, transform into, render	justifika to justify	rektifika to rectify	modernisa to modernize
-isa	to provide with, supply with, cover with	armisa to arm	harmonisa to harmonize	spisa to spice
-ada	denotes repeated or continuous action	frapada to go on beating	kantada to keep on singing	parlada to keep on speaking
-eska	denotes the beginning of an action or state	dormieska to fall asleep	videska to perceive	paleska to turn pale

Adjectival Suffixes (which form adjectives)

-al	denotes relating to – before this suffix any final vowel of the word is dropped except -u which is retained	universal universal	national national	sexual sexual
-an	denotes inhabiting or belonging to a class or party	italian Italian	urban urban	akademian academic
-ari	denotes agreeing with or fit for	reglari regular	populari popular	ordinari ordinary
-osi	denotes having, especially in large quantity	porosi porous	kurajosi courageous	danjerosi dangerous
-isi	denotes a very high degree	grandisi enormous	varmisi hot	belisi gorgeous
-iv(i)	denotes doing naturally or capable of doing	instruktiv instructive	sugestiv suggestive	atraktiv attractive
-asi	denotes having the tendency or inclination to	disputasi quarrelsome	laborasi hard-working	atakasi combative
-bli	denotes what is susceptible to the verb (English -ble)	lektebli readable	explikabli explicable	audibli audible
-endi	denotes that must be – any final -a or -e of the verb is dropped; any final -u and -i of the verb remains	lektendi that must be read	faendi compulsory	soluendi that must be solved, to be solved
-indi	denotes that deserves to be – any final -a or -e of the verb is dropped; any final -u and -i of the verb remains	lektindi that is worth reading	fidindi trustworthy	preferindi preferable

General Suffixes

-et-	diminutive suffix	riverete brook	varmeti lukewarm	rideta to smile
-on-	denotes greatness, quantity	pluvono heavy rain	ridona to guffaw	ridono guffaw
-ach-	denotes contempt	kavalacha nag	jurnalacharo the gutter press	kriacha to shriek

Numeral Suffixes

-anti	forms tens	duanti twenty	trianti thirty	otanti eighty
-o	forms nouns from numerals	duo duo	trio trio	dekduo dozen
-esmi	forms ordinal numbers	unesmi first	duantesmi twentieth	sentesmi hundredth
-ime	forms fractions	duime a half	sixime a sixth	sentime a hundredth
-opli	multiplying suffix	duopli double	triopli triple	multopli multiple
-opim	forms distributive adverbs	triopim in threes	pokopim little by little	gutopim in drops

Adverbial Suffixes

-tem	(from temp) denotes time	nultem never	irgitem any time, no matter when	ultem ever, any time
-foy	denotes time in repetition, occasion	dufoy twice	altrifoy another time, on another occasion	kelkifoy sometimes
-lok	denotes place	omnilok everywhere	nulilok nowhere	altrilok somewhere else
-kas	(from kasu) denotes case	omnikas in every case	irgikas anyway, in any case when	tikas in that case
-grad	denotes degree	altigrad to a high degree	kelkigrad to some extent, fairly	pokigrad to a small extent, slightly
-man	(from manere) denotes manner	omniman in every way	altriman in another way, differently	samiman in the same way
-m	(from -man-) forms adverbs	privatim privately	seperatim separately	spesialim specially

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Contents – Lesson 1 – Lesson 2 – Lesson 3 – Lesson 4 – Lesson 5 – Lesson 6 – Lesson 7

Prefixes - Suffixes