Mirad Grammar/Greetings and Euphemisms

Exclamations Using the H-words

Many common exclamatory expressions in Mirad use words that begin with the letter h:

Common Exclamatories

MIRAD	ENGLISH	EMOJI
Hay!	Hello!	🙋
Hey!	Hey!, Oh...!, Yahoo!
Hoy!	Bye!	🙋
Hiy...	Here is / Here comes... / Voici
Huy...	There's... / There goes... / Voilà
Hway!*	Great! / Good for you! / Congratulations!, wow! / hurray!
Hwey!	Oh my! / Goodness gracious! / Well!
Hwoy!	Too bad! / What a shame! / Sorry!/ oy!
Hyay!	Thanks!	🙏
Hyey!	Your're welcome! / That's ok.
Hyoy!	Sorry!	😢
Hihi!	Ha ha! / That's funny!
Huhu!	Boo hoo!

* Pronounced like English why.

The above h-exclamations can be made into verbs by suffixing forms of -der....to utter, eg.:

• hyay....thanks ⇒ hyayder....to thank

• At fu hyayder et av hos et xa.....I'd like to thank you for what you did.

• hihi....ha ha ⇒ hihider....to laugh ⇒ hihiduer....to make laugh

• Et hihidua.....You made me laugh.

Expressions by Category

Offering Suggestions

• If I were you,.......Ven at su et,...
• In my opinion,.......Be ata texyen,...
• Speaking personally,.......Dalea av aut,...
• If I might suggest,.......Ven at duyafu,...
• I would suggest that.......At duu van...
• You would be well-advised to X.......Et su fiduwa Xer...
• Have you thought of Xing...?....Duven et vyetexaye Xen...?
• Why not X...?....Duhosav voy Xer...?

Asking for Suggestions

• What would you do if...?....Duhos et xu ven...?
• I'd like your opinion on.......At fu eta texyen vyel...
• Please advise me on.......Diwe fyidu at vyel...

Dispensing Advice

• I think you should X....,At texe van et yefu Xer
• If I were you,.......,Ven at su et,...
• You would be wrong to X.....Et su vyoa Xer.
• It would be good if.......Et su fia ven...
• I warn you that.......At jwatue et van...

Requests

• Would you mind Xing...?....Duven oboxu et Xer...?
• May I X...?....Duven at yafu Xer...?
• I'd like to X.......At fu Xer...
• Could you possibly X.......Duven et yafu hyeyen Xer...
• I would be much obliged if you were to X.......At su gla yefxwa ven et Xu...
• Please do me the favor of Xing.......Diwe xu at ha avun bi Xer...
• Could I ask you to X?....Duven at yafu dier et Xer?

Asking for Opinions

• I'd like to know you opinion on.......At fu ter eta texyen vyel...
• Tell me what you think about.......Du at hos et texe vyel...

Offering Opinions

• It seems to me that.......Tease at van...
• I believe that.......At vatexe van...
• I don't think that.......At votexe van...
• We don't feel that.......Wat voy tose van...
• I must say.......At dyefe...
• As far as I'm concerned.......Auta texyen se van...
• Personally, .......Aotay, ...
• I am convinced that.......At se vatexuwa van...

Expressing Preferences

• Which do you prefer, X or Y?....Duhaas et gaife, X ey Y?
• Would you like to X...?....Duven et fu Xer...
• I would prefer to X... ....At gaifu Xer...
• It doesn't matter to me whether.......Av at, getese ven...
• I don't mind if.......Av at glotese ven...

Expressing Intentions

• Do you intend to X?....Duven et ojtexe Xer?
• What are you going to do?....Duhos et xo?
• He is determined to X.......It vafe Xer...
• I would like to X.....At fu Xer.
• We would like you to X.....Wat fu van et Xu.

Permission and Prohibition

• May I come in?....Duven at afe yeper?
• Is that permitted?....Duven hus afwe?
• Parking is prohibited.....Purkoxwen ofwe.
• Do not walk on the grass.....Von tyope ab ha vab.
• You are authorized to X.....Et se afdwa Xer.
• No entry.....Von yepu. ~ Yepen ofwe.
• You must not cry.....Et yofe huhuder.
• Permit me to say.......Afxu at der...

Obligation and Necessity

• You must pay attention.....Et yefe tepzexer.
• You should leave.....At yefu ~ yeyfu iper.
• I have to go.....At yefe per.
• You are obliged to X.....Yet yefxwe Xer.
• We need your help.....Yat efe yeta yux.
• It is urgent that you respond.....Igefwe van et dudu.
• I am asking you to X.....At dieye et Xer.
• He demands that you X.....Wit dire van et Xu.
• It is required that you stay longer.....Dirwe van et besu gaj.

Agreement

• Yes, I agree with you.....Va, at yantexe et.
• He disagreed with me.....It yontexa at.
• My opinion differs from yours.....At texyen ogelse etas.
• This book will concur with me.....Hia dyes geltexo at.
• I don't accept your view.....At voy vabie eta texgun.
• I reject the concept that.......At vobie ha tyun van...
• What you said is entirely true.....Hos et da se aynay vyaa.
• What a great idea!....Huu agala teyen!
• Your application has been approved.....Eta didras fivadawe.
• Blessed be this food.....Van hia tel fyadwu.
• We are glad that you came.....Yat se iva van et upa.

Disagreement

• No, that's wrong.....Vo, hus se vyoa.
• You are lying.....Et vyodeye.
• I disagree with your opinion.....At yontexe eta texyen.
• We don't approve of you actions.....Yat voy fivade eta axleni.
• I cannot accept the fact that.......At vabiyofe van...
• Do you refuse to answer?....Duven et vobie duder?
• That's out of the question.....Hus se vabiyofwa.
• I must decline that suggestion.....At yefe voder hua dul.
• We condemn your views.....Yat fuvade eta texguni.
• I must disapprove of your actions.....At fuvadyefe eta axleni.
• Your statement be damned!....Eta del fyodwu!
• It's a pity (~ shame) that you don't understand.....Se yov van et voy teste.
• I hate the fact that.......At ufe van...
• It is sad that you have to leave now.....Se uva van et yefe pier hij.

Affirmation, Quibbling, Negation

• Yes.....Va.
• Yes, indeed.....Va, vay.
• Certainly ~ Of course....Vla(y).
• True.....Vya.
• Truly.....Vyay.
• Maybe.....Ve.
• Maybe so.....Vey va.
• Maybe not.....Vey vo.
• Possibly.....Vey.
• Probably.....Vle(y)
• Hardly.....Yikay.
• Almost.....Yubge.
• Barely.....Haway gwe.
• Exactly.....Gwe.
• No.....Vo.
• Most certainly not.....Vlo.
• Perhaps no.....Vey vo.
• Yes and no.....Vao.
• False.....Vyo.
• Absolutely not.....Abray voy.
• In no way.....Hoyen.
• In no way whatever.....Hyoyen.

Certainty, Probability, Possibility, and Capability

• I'm sure she'll come.....At se vlata van iyt upo.
• It is not certain that.......Voy se vlatwa van...
• It is probable that.......Se vlea van...
• You'll probably change your mind.....Et vley kyaxer eta texyen.
• In all likelihood,.......Gwa vley,...
• It might rain.....Vey mamilo.
• It will definitely rain.....Vlay mamilo.
• What is the probability that it will rain?....Duhos se ha vlean van mamilo?
• It is conceivable that she will win.....Texiyafwe van iyt ako.
• It would be inconceivable.....Texiyofwu.
• I am persuaded that nothing will happen.....At se vatexuwa van hyos xwo.
• It could be true.....Has yafwu ser vyaa. ~ Has syafwu vyaa.
• Those results are impossible.....Hua ixuni se yofwa.
• The odds of that happening.......Ha kyensagi van hus xwo...
• I can't understand you.....At yofe tester et. ~ At voy yafe tester et.
• Could you speak a little louder?....Duven et yafu daler ga az?
• It is not impossible that.......Voy se yofwa van...
• I would not be surprised if.......At voy yoku ven...
• Am I expected to be early?....Duven at yakwe ser jwaa?
• I doubt they will survive.....At vlotexe van yit yiztejo.
• She suspected that I'd be late.....Iyt vetexa van at so jwo.
• She assumed that I would be.......Iyt vletexa van at so...
• I bet you know.....At vlede van et te.
• You can't know for sure.....Et yofe ter vlay.
• That's impossible to predict.....Hus jadyofwa. ~ Hus se yofwa jader.
• I will be unable to X.....At yofo Xer.

Apologies

• I'm sorry but.......At se tipuva oy...
• Excuse me but.......Yovobu at oy...
• Please forgive me.....Diwe yovobu at.
• It pains me to say.......Byokxe at der...
• It is sad to say.......Se uva der...
• It is regrettable that.......Se uvtexyafwa van...
• They expressed their regrets.....Yit uvtaxde.
• I regret my crimes.....At zoyuvtose ata doyovi.
• I regret to inform you that.......At uvtose tuer et van...

Thanks

• Thank-you for your kind words.....Hyay av eta tipifa duni.
• I shall be forever grateful......At so byu hyaj ivtaxika.
• I am much obliged for your gift.....At se gla yefxwa av eta fibun.
• Thank-you very much!....Hyay hyay! ~ Ivtaxwo! ~ Gla yefxwa! ~ Gla naxtwe.
• I appreciate your help.....At nazte eta yux.
• Your words are much appreciated.....Eta duni gla naztwe.

Best Wishes

• Congratulations!....Hyay! ~ Yanfyaztos!
• I congratulate you!....At hyayde et! ~ At yanfyaztosde et!
• Best wishes to you!....Fia ojfoni av et!
• Happy birthday!....Iva tajjub!
• May your day be blessed!....Van eta jub fyadwu! ~ Fyadwu eta jub!
• I wish you a good trip!....At ojfe et fia pop!
• Bon voyage!....Fia pop!
• Season's greetings!....Iva jeb!
• Merry Christmas!....Iva Kristtaj!
• Happy New Year! ~ Nowruz!....Iva Ejna Jab!
• Happy Anniversary!....Iva jabzyus!
• Happy Hannukka!....Iva Hanuka!
• Get well soon!....Fibaksu ig!
• Good luck on your exams!....Fikyen be eta vyaoyeki!
• I wish you every success!....At ojfe et hya akuj!
• Good luck! (~ Mazel Tov!)....Fikyen!
• Be well!....Baksu!
• Long live the king!....Van ha edeb yagteju! ~ Yagteju ha edeb!
• Vive la France!....Hyay Ferom!
• Bravo! ~ Well done! ~ Congratulations!....Hyay!
• Get better soon! ~ Speedy Recovery!....Baksu ig! ~ Byekwu ig!

Common Greetings

• Hello!....Hay!
• Hey!....Hey!
• Goodbye!....Hoy!
• Good day!....Fijub!
• Good morning!....Fimaj!
• Good afternoon!....Fijwomaj!
• Good evening!....Fijwamoj!
• Goodnight!....Fimoj!
• How are you?....Duhoyen et se?
• How are you doing?....Duhoyen et xeye?
• I'm doing fine.....At xeye fi.
• What's new?....Duhos se ejna?
• See you later! ~ Au revoir!....Ju ha gawteat!
• Be well!....Su baka!
• Sleep well!....Tuju fi!
• What's happening?....Duhos kyeseye?
• Until then!....Ju huj!
• Take care!....Bikiu!

Announcements

• We are pleased to announce the birth of.......Yat ifie dotuer ha taj bi...
• I am happy to say that.......At se iva der van...
• I am sorry to report that.......At se uva dotuer van...
• It is with deep sorrow that we announce the death of.......Bay gla uvan, yat dotue ha toj bi...
• Ladies and Gentlemen, please be seated.....Duyti ay Dwuti, diwe simbiu.
• Welcome to the stage: X!....Fiupdiu bu ha dezyem: X!
• I would like to introduce you to our speaker, X.....At fu tyuer yet yata dalut: X.
• Attention! ~ Hear ye, hear ye!....Tepzexu!

Regrets and Condolences

• I'm very sorry for your loss.....At uvtose eta ok.
• My condolences on the death of.......Ibu ata yanuvtosi av ha toj bi...
• I am so sorry.....At se huugla uvtosika.
• Alas!....Hyoy!
• I share your grief.....At yantipuvie et.
• I regret having done that.....At ajuvtose xaer hus.
• I apologize for my actions.....At ajuvtosde (~ hyoyde) ata axleni.
• We were terribly upset to hear the news that.......Yat gla yobaxwa teeter ha tuun van...

Invitations and Responses

• You are hereby invited to join us.......Yet hiyen updiwe yanser yat...
• Welcome to our home.....Fiupu yata toom.
• Would you like to dine with us?....Duven yet fu tyaler bay yat?
• Be my guest!....Updiwe!
• I would be happy to come.....At su iva uper.
• Sorry, but I am otherwise engaged then.....Hyoy, at se hyuyen yuvlaxwa huj.
• Unfortunately, I must decline.....Fukyenay, at yefe vobier.

Establishing Parallels

• On the one hand...,on the other.......Ayen...,hyuyen ....
• Just as...so, too.......Gwe gel van...gey gel van...
• What is more,.......Gayen,...
• Furthermore,.......Gayen,...
• Added to this,.......Gabwa bu his,...
• By the same token,.......Geyen,...
• As far as...is concerned,.......Vyelea...
• As for.......Ayv...

Enumerating

• or...or even.......ey...ey gey...ey ujay
• but finally.......oy ujay...
• First of all.......Ujnay...
• Next, but not least.......Zanapay, oy voy gwo...

Favorable Comparisons

• far superior to....gla fia vyel
• We can't compete with....Yat yofe yanyeker bay
• has the edge over....se gyoay fia vyel

Unfavorable Comparisons

• was nowhere near as good as.......sa yib bi ser ge fia vyel'
• is no match for....yofe yanyeker bay
• is far inferior to....se gla oba vyel
• does not measure up to....voy se be neg bi
• bears no comparison with....voy se vyegexyafwa bay

Similar Comparison

• is equivalent to....genaze
• on a par with....gekyinse
• corresponds to....vyegexe
• can be likened to....se vyegexyafwa bu

Asking an Opinion

• What do you thing of X?....Duhos et texe ayv X?
• What is your opinion on X?....Duhos se eta texyen vyel X?
• What is your attitude to X?....Duhos se eta tepkin ub X?
• How do you see...Xing?....Be eta texyen, duhoyen...Xo?

Expressing an Opinion

• In my opinion,....be ata texyen,
• As I see it,....Be ata duni,
• Personally, I believe that.......Aotay, at vatexe van...
• It seems to me that.......Tease at van...
• I dare say (that).......At dyife van...
• As far as I'm concerned,....Ven et didu at,
• It is our belief that....Se yata vatex van
• I'm convinced that.......At se vetexuwa van...

Saying What You Like

• I would like to X.......At fu Xer...
• I would prefer to X.......At gaifu Xer...
• I very much enjoy Xing.....At gla ifie Xen.
• I have a weakness for X.....At ayse ozan av X.
• I love chocolate.....At ifle dyofyel.
• I adore ballet.....At ifre dyaz.
• Do you like dogs?....Duven et iyfe yepeti?
• I am very pleased to meet you.....At se gla ifxwa trier et.

Saying What You Don't Like

• I am not keen on seafood.....At voy iyfe piit.
• Do you dislike X?....Duven et uyfe X?
• I hate X.....At ufe X.
• I can't stand (~bear) the thought of Xing.....At yofe xorer ha tex bi Xen.
• That is disgusting.....Hus se ufxea.
• I despise rude people.....At ufre fubyenati.

Expressing Indifference

• I don't care about X.....At voy bikse vyel X.
• It doesn't matter to me.....Voy bikxe at (or: Getese bu at.)
• That doesn't matter.....Hus voy glatese.
• I couldn't care less about X.....X trefxe at hyohen.

Giving Reasons

• Why did you do that?....Duhosav et xa hus?
• I came because.......At upa hosav van...
• Because of X...?....Be ux bi X...?
• As a result of X...?....Gel ix bi X...?
• In order to X.......Av Xer...
• So that we would understand.......Av van yat testu...
• Therefore,.......Av hus,...
• As a result,.......Gel ix,...
• As a consequence,.......Gel jos,...
• As a result of X....Gel ix bi X
• As a consequence of X....Gel jos bi X
• I don't understand why.......At voy teste hosav van...
• This is due to the fact that.......His se ux bi van...
• Given that.......Twa van...
• The child died for lack of X.....Ha tud toja bi oys bi X.
• This happened by illegal means.....His kyesa bey odovyaba zeyeni.
• Tell me why you did it.....Duhosav et xa has.
• So, leave!....Av hus, ipu!
• I think, therefore I am.....At texe, av hus, at ese.

Correspondence Greetings

• Dear Sir....Hey Dwut
• Dear Madam....Hey Duyt
• Dear beloved.......Hey ifwa...
• To Whom it May Concern:....Hey Hyet:
• Yours truly, X....Hoy, X...

Euphemisms

Mirad sometimes offers polite ways to express certain things that might sound too direct or rude in normal conversation. Here are some examples:

Euphemisms

POLITE	DIRECT
ujpon....final rest	toj ....death
ujponxelam....final rest ceremony house	tojxelam....mortuary
ujpondin....final rest story	tojdin....obituary, death notice
eftim....necessity room	fyusulsom....toilet (waste appliance)
pontim....rest room	fyusulsom....toilet
twoobgon....male part	tiyub....penis
ogoblawa....uncut, uncircumcized	otiyugoblawa....un-penis-cut
xer sag a....to do a number one	tiyabiler....to pee (lit: bladder-fluid-do)
xer sag e....to do a number two	tikyeler....to defecate, sh-t (lit: anus-fluid-do)
milxer....to urinate, to pee, lit. to make water	tiyabiler....to urinate (lit: bladder-fluid-do)