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Flora of New York/Proteales…Saxifragales

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The order Saxifragales is the basal clade of the superrosids, indicating that Saxifragales is the sister to the rosids.
Clade Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
sister to
rosids 		Saxifragales Paeoniaceae − − Paeonia peony 1
Altingiaceae − − Liquidambar sweetgum 1
Hamamelidaceae Hamamelidoideae Hamamelideae Hamamelis witchhazel 1
Cercidiphyllaceae − − Cercidiphyllum katsura tree 1
Crassulaceae Crassuloideae − Crassula pygmyweed 1
Sempervivoideae Umbiliceae Rhodiola roseroot stonecrop 2
Hylotelephium stonecrop 3
Phedimus false stonecrop 1
Semperviveae Sempervivum houseleek, hen-and-chickens 1
Sedeae Sedum stonecrop 7
Haloragaceae − Myriophylleae Myriophyllum watermilfoil 10
Proserpinaca mermaidweed 2
Penthoraceae − − Penthorum ditch-stonecrop 1
Grossulariaceae − − Ribes currant, gooseberry 12
Saxifragaceae Saxifragoideae Saxifrageae Saxifraga saxifrage 5
Heucheroideae Chrysosplenieae Chrysosplenium golden saxifrage 1
Heuchereae Tiarella foamflower 1
Mitella miterwort 3
Heuchera alumroot 2
Astilbe florist's spiraea 1

Order ProtealesEdit

The order Proteales contains the lotus (Nelumbonaceae) and sycamore (Platanaceae) families, each of which has a single species known to be native or naturalized in New York.

Family NelumbonaceaeEdit

The Nelumbonaceae (lotus family) has two species of aquatic plants found in New York.

NelumboEdit

 
Nelumbo lutea, Sodus Bay, Homer D. House, State Botanist, 1916
Nelumbo lutea (American lotus) is a North American native that was probably introduced to New York from further south prior to widespread European settlement. Early botanists considered Nelumbo lutea to be native to the area around Sodus Bay, but it may have been cultivated there by Native Americans using plants brought from the South. It is now extirpated from that area, but naturalized pants persist elsewhere in the state.

Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus) is from tropical Asia and has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas. It is likely to be cultivated and would be considered invasive if allowed to naturalize.

Proteales — Nelumbonaceae — Nelumbo
Nelumbo Lotus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Willd.
1788. Nymphaea pentapetala Walter
rej.
1799. Nelumbo pentapetala Willd
rej.
1799. Nelumbium luteum Willd.
1799. Nelumbo lutea Willd.
1996. Nelumbo nucifera
ssp. lutea Borsch & Barthlott
 American lotus,
Great yellow water-lily,
Water-chinquapin,
Yellow lotus 		Introduced,
N. America native,
Rare 		  NYFA-X
USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Nelumbo (excluded taxa) Lotus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Gaertn.
1753. Nymphaea nelumbo L.
1788. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
1799. Nelumbo speciosa Willd.
1799. Nelumbium speciosum Willd.
 East Indian lotus,
Oriental lotus,
Pink lotus,
Sacred bean,
Sacred lotus 		Introduced from
 tropical Asia,
Moderately invasive,
 NYIS: 64%[1],
Excluded[2]		   NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Nelumbo nucifera: invasive (64).
  2. ↑ Nelumbo nucifera is likely to become invasive if introduced on Long Island.[1]

Family PlatanaceaeEdit

The Platanaceae (sycamore family) is represented in New York by the native American Sycamore and the London plane tree, which is probably a hybrid of the American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and the Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) from Eurasia.[1] Although widely planted as a street tree, the London plane tree is not known to naturalize extensively in New York.
  1. ↑ "London Planes and American Sycamores." Growing History, The Philadelphia Historic Plants Consortium. Posted on March 13, 2012 by David H.

PlatanusEdit

 
Platanus occidentalis
Sycamore is a common wetland and riparian tree and is among the largest of the eastern deciduous trees. Sycamores are among the fastest-growing trees in the region and reach the largest diameter of any North American hardwood.[1] The New York State Champion sycamore tree was reported in Dutchess County in 2011 at 117 feet tall, with a circumfrence of 27 feet.[2]
  1. ↑ Burns, O.O. Wells and R.C. Schmidtling. 1990. "Platanus occidentalis L." Silvics of North America: 1. Conifers; 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC. vol.2, 877 p.
  2. ↑ New York State Big Tree Register As of December 2, 2016
Proteales — Platanaceae — Platanus
Platanus Sycamore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Platanus occidentalis L.
1901. P. glabrata Fernald
1919. P. occidentalis var. glabrata Sarg.
1919. P. occidentalis var. attenuata (Fern.) Sarg.
Eastern sycamore
American sycamore
American plane-tree
Buttonwood tree
Buttonball tree
Platane occidental,
Platane d'Amérique,
Platane d'Occident 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FACW-FAC
Perennial,
Tree 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
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LBJ
FEIS
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Platanus (excluded taxa) Sycamore N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Mill. ex Münchh
  Platanus occidentalis ×
  Platanus orientalis
1770. P. hispanica Mill. ex Münchh.
1789. P. orientalis var. acerifolia Aiton
1804. P. hybridus Brot.
1805. P. acerifolia (Aiton) Willd.
1919. P. acerifolia var. hispanica Bean
 London planetree,
Maple-leaved plane-tree,
London sycamore,
Hybrid of
 American sycamore &
 Oriental planetree
Platane à feuilles d'érable,
Hybride de
 platane occidental et de
 platane oriental 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded,
Cultivated only 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-XX
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
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Order BuxalesEdit

The order Buxales...

Family BuxaceaeEdit

The Buxaceae (box family)

Subfamily BuxoideaeEdit

BuxusEdit
 
Buxus sempervirens
Buxales — Buxaceae — Buxoideae — Buxus
Buxus Boxwood N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Buxus sempervirens L.
1785. Buxus myrtifolia Lam.
1947. Buxus colchica Pojark.
1947. Buxus hyrcana Pojark.
 Common boxwood,
Common box 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Unknown naturalization,
SNA, GNR
Perennial,
Tree, shrub 		  Orange (1993),
Queens (1986),
Suffolk 		NYFA-X
USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
NatureServe
IPN
Images
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Subfamily PachysandroideaeEdit

Tribe PachysandreaeEdit
PachysandraEdit
 
Pachysandra terminalis - Japanese pachysandra
Japanese pachysandra is widely planted as a ground-cover and tends to persist, spreading vegetatively to adjacent wooded areas, where it can be difficult to remove.
Allegheny pachysandra is planted as a "native" substitute, and is probably unlikely to naturalize as far north as New York State.[1]
  1. ↑ New York Metropolitan Flora Project, 02/07/2012 considers reports of naturalized Pachysandra procumbens to have been based on planted specimens.
Buxales — Buxaceae — Pachysandroideae — Pachysandreae — Pachysandra
Pachysandra Pachysandra N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Michx.
1803. Pachysandra procumbens
Michx.
Allegheny pachysandra
Allegheny spurge
 Introduced from
 southern US,
US South native,
 NYIS Tier: buffer,
No specimens[1],
SNA
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-0
USDA-N
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
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Siebold & Zucc.
1845. Pachysandra terminalis
Siebold & Zucc.
Japanese pachysandra
Japanese spurge
Carpet box
 Introduced from
 China & Japan,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS Tier: 3,
 iMapInvasives,
 Invasive.org: [2],
WW 		  8 counties NYFA-X
USDA-X
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Long Island Botanical Society Newsletter (18:2, Spring 2008) reported "two patches in the uplands of Oakland Lake [Queens]." and "…from North Hempstead Township in Nassau County."

Order SaxifragalesEdit

The order Saxifragales has about 15 families worldwide. Of these, ten are represented in New York.

Family PaeoniaceaeEdit

The Paeoniaceae (peony family)...

PaeoniaEdit

Saxifragales — Paeoniaceae — Paeonia
Paeonia Peony N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Pall.
1776. Paeonia lactiflora Pall.
1788. Paeonia albiflora Pall.
18??. Paeonia sinensis hort. ex Steud.
1870. Paeonia chinensis hort. ex E.Vilm.
Garden peony
Chinese peony
 Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Rarely spreads 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Tropicos
NatureServe
IPN
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Family AltingiaceaeEdit

The Altingiaceae (sweetgum family) contains only about fifteen species and its segregation from Hamamelidaceae has only recently been widely accepted. One of its three genera (Semiliquidambar) may comprise intergeneric hybrids of the other two (Altingia and Liquidambar), so revisions within this family may be forthcoming.

LiquidambarEdit

Liquidambar styraciflua is the only North American species of Liquidambar, or sweetgum. It is most common in the forests of the southeastern United States, but its native range appears to extend as far north as southeastern New York State. It is cultivated elsewhere in the state and seems to be able to naturalize in some upstate locations.
Saxifragales — Altingiaceae — Liquidambar
Liquidambar Sweet gum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Liquidambar styraciflua L.
1796. Liquidambar gummifera Salisb.
1812. Liquidambar barbata Stokes
1863. Liquidambar macrophylla Oerst.
1863. L. styraciflua var. mexicana Oerst.
 Sweetgum,
American sweetgum,
American sweet-gum,
Redgum,
American storax 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure

Perennial,
Tree 		  NYFA-5
USDA-N0
Go Botany
VASCAN-0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
BONAP
FEIS
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Family HamamelidaceaeEdit

The Hamamelidaceae...

Subfamily HamamelidoideaeEdit

Tribe HamamelideaeEdit
HamamelisEdit
Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Hamamelideae — Hamamelis
Hamamelis Witchhazel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Hamamelis virginiana L.
1788. Hamamelis androgyna Walter
1788. Hamamelis dioica Walter
1814. Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh
1836. Trilopus virginica (L.) Raf.
 American witch-hazel,
Common witch-hazel,
Witch-hazel
Café du diable,
Hamémelis de Virginie 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
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FNA
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Hamamelis (excluded taxa) Witchhazel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Sarg.
1908. Hamamelis vernalis Sarg.
1932. H. vernalis var. tomentella
2007. H. virginiana ssp. vernalis
 Ozark witchhazel,
Ozark witch-hazel,
Vernal witch-hazel 		Introduced from
 southern US,
N. America native,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized
Perennial,
Shrub, tree 		  NYFA-0
USDA-N0
Go Botany-0
VASCAN-0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
Tribe CorylopsideaeEdit
CorylopsisEdit
 
Corylopsis pauciflora
There are a number of species of winterhazel (Corylopsis) that are hardy in New York and planted as early-blooming shrubs. None of them have been reported to naturalize in the state, according to the New York Flora Atlas.
Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Corylopsideae — Corylopsis
Corylopsis Winter hazel N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Hemsl.
1906. Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl.
    
    
 Chinese winterhazel Introduced from
 Asia,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized 		  NYFA-0
USDA-00
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
    
    
    
 Spike winterhazel Introduced from
 Asia,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized 		  NYFA-0
Images
Wikispecies
    
    
    
 Fragrant winterhazel Introduced from
 Asia,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized 		  NYFA-0
Images
Wikispecies
    
    
    
 Buttercup winterhazel Introduced from
 Asia,
Cultivated,
Not naturalized 		  NYFA-0
Images
Wikispecies
Tribe FothergilleaeEdit
FothergillaEdit
Saxifragales — Hamamelidaceae — Hamamelidoideae — Fothergilleae — Fothergilla
Fothergilla Witch-alder N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1774. Fothergilla gardenii L.
1782. Fothergilla alnifolia L.f.
1894. Fothergilla carolina Britton
1903. Fothergilla parvifolia Kearney
 Dwarf witchalder Introduced,
US South native,
No NY reports
Perennial,
Shrub 		  NYFA-0
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 (Sims) Lodd.
1810. Fothergilla alnifolia var. major Sims
1829. Fothergilla major (Sims) Lodd.
1897. Fothergilla monticola Ashe
 Witch-alder,
Mountain witchalder 		Introduced,
US South native,
No NY reports
Perennial,
Shrub 		  NYFA-0
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies

Family CercidiphyllaceaeEdit

The Cercidiphyllaceae contains only the Asian genus Cercidiphyllum.

CercidiphyllumEdit

Cercidiphyllum contains the two Asian species, C. japonicum and C. magnificum, the first of which, the katsura-tree has been reported outside of cultivation in Kings, Nassau and Queens Counties.
Saxifragales — Cercidiphyllaceae — Cercidiphyllum
Cercidiphyllum Katsura N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Siebold & Zucc.
Siebold & Zucc. ex J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult. bis
1846. Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc.
1864. C. japonicum J.J.Hoffm. & J.H.Schult. bis
1913. C. japonicum
var. sinense Rehder & E.H.Wilson
 Katsura-tree,
Toffee-apple tree 		Introduced from
 Japan, China,
Potentially invasive 		  NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
NatureServe
BONAP
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Family CrassulaceaeEdit

The Crassulaceae (orpine family)...

Subfamily CrassuloideaeEdit

CrassulaEdit
 
Crassula aquatica
Water pigmyweed (Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl.) appears in freshwater or brackish tidal marshes of the Lower Hudson Valley and Long Island.[1]
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Crassula aquatica. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/water-pigmyweed/. Accessed December 22, 2021.
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Crassuloideae — Crassula
Crassula Pygmyweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution 1 NPT
 (L.) Schoenl.
1753. Tillaea aquatica L.
1801. Bulliarda aquatica (L.) DC.
1840. Tillaea angustifolia Nutt.
1890. Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl.
1903. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britton
1920. Hydrophila aquatica (L.) House
 Water pigmy-weed,
River-leek,
Pigmy-weed 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[2]		   NYFA-1
USDA-NN
Go Botany
FNA
Tropicos
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  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Crassula aquatica. Endangered, S1/G5.

Subfamily SempervivoideaeEdit

Tribe UmbiliceaeEdit
RhodiolaEdit
 
Rhodiola rosea
In New York, Rhodiola consists of two species of endangered plants.

Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi is an isolated subspecies of a common western cliff-stonecrop species (transferred from Sedum integrifolium in 1999). It has been found mainly on northwest-to-northeast-facing cliffs in southeastern Minnesota and near the southern part of Seneca Lake. It was discovered at Watkins Glen State Park in Schuyler County in 1918. The largest known population (at least 6000 plants) was discovered that same year, along about 2 miles of Glenora Cliff, on the western shore of Seneca Lake, in Yates County. It wasn't until 1994 that a third New York population was found near Glenora Falls, also in Yates County.[1][2]

  1. ↑ Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi Recovery Plan. Department of the Interior and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1998.
  2. ↑ Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi, New York Natural Heritage Program.
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Rhodiola
Rhodiola Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Rhodiola rosea L.
1771. Sedum rosea (L.) Scop.
1903. Sedum roanense Britton
1903. Rhodiola roanensis Britton
1930. Sedum rosea var. roanense
1973. Rhodiola rosea ssp. roanensis
 Common roseroot,
Roseroot,
Roseroot stonecrop 		Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[2]		   NYFA-1
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Raf.
ssp. leedyi
(Rosend. & J.W.Moore) H.Ohba
1947. Sedum rosea var. leedyi Rosend. &al.
1975. Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi
R.T.Clausen
1985. Tolmachevia integrifolia ssp. leedyi
Á.Löve & D.Löve
1999. R. integrifolia ssp. leedyi H.Ohba
 Leedy's roseroot,
Leedy's stonecrop,
Rose sedum 		Native,
Endangered,
Federally listed[3],
DEC-A[1],
NYNHP: 1[4]		   NYFA-1
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Rhodiola (excluded taxa) Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
ssp. integrifolia
1832. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. p.p.
    Sedum atropurpureum Turcz.
    R. atropurpurea (Turcz.) Trautv. & C. A. Mey.
    R. rosea ssp. integrifolia
    Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) A. Nelson
 Ledge stonecrop N. America native
 western N. A.,
N.Y. excluded
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ a b New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola rosea. Endangered, S1/G5.
  3. ↑ Rhodiola integrifolia var. leedyi is one of eleven federally-listed endangered or threatened plants found in New York. It is found only in Minnesota and New York. The New York populations consist of a large population on the shores of southern Seneca Lake and a single plant at Watkins Glen, near the south end of that lake.
  4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi . Endangered, S1/G5T1.
HylotelephiumEdit

The NYFA now lists Hylotelephium telephioides as not-native to New York, but the DEC (and NYFA) still list it as endangered in New York.

Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Hylotelephium
Hylotelephium Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Michx.) H.Ohba
 American live-forever,
Allegheny stonecrop,
Live forever 		Introduced from
 southern U.S.,
N. America native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[1]		   NYFA-Z
USDA-NX
Go Botany
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
(L.) H.Ohba.
ssp. telephium
1753. Sedum telephium L.
1821. S. triphyllum (Haw.) Gray
1843. S. purpurascens W.D.J.Koch
1878. S. telephium var. borderi
1909. S. telephium ssp. purpurascens
1961. S. telephium var. purpurascens (i)
1977. H. telephium (L.) H.Ohba.
 Eurasian live-forever,
Garden stonecrop,
Witch's moneybags,
Purple orpine,
Sedum,
Live forever
Vit-toujours 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Naturalized 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
(Miq.) H.Ohba
 Garden stonecrop,
Garden orpine 		Introduced,
Naturalization unknown 		  NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Go Botany
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
Hylotelephium (excluded taxa) Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Sweet ex Hooker) H. Ohba
    Sedum sieboldii Sweet ex Hooker
    Hylotelephium sieboldii
(Sweet ex Hooker) H.Ohba
    
 Stonecrop,
October Daphne 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-EXCLD
Images
Wikispecies
(Boreau) H.Ohba
 Showy stonecrop,
Iceplant 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.
PhedimusEdit
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Umbiliceae — Phedimus
Phedimus Phedimus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (M.Bieb.) 't Hart
1808. Sedum spurium M.Bieb.
1815. Sedum oppositifolium Sims
1984. Asterosedum spurium Grulich
1985. Spathulata spuria Á.Löve & D.Löve
1995. Phedimus spurius 't Hart
 Caucasian stonecrop,
Two-rowed stonecrop 		Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Naturalized 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
Phedimus (excluded taxa) Phedimus N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart
1774. Sedum stoloniferum J.F.Gmel.
1995. Phedimus stolonifer
(J.F.Gmel.) 't Hart
    
 Running false stonecrop,
Stolon stonecrop 		Introduced from
 northern Iran,
 eastern Turkey,
N.Y. excluded 		  NYFA-Excluded
USDA-X0
Go Botany
ITIS
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Tribe SemperviveaeEdit
SempervivumEdit
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Semperviveae — Sempervivum
Sempervivum Houseleek N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Sempervivum tectorum L.
 Common houseleek,
Hen-and-chickens,
Hen-and-chicks
Joubarbe des toits 		Introduced,
N.Y. excluded
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-Xx
USDA-XX
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
Tribe SedeaeEdit
SedumEdit
Saxifragales — Crassulaceae — Sempervivoideae — Sedeae — Sedum
Sedum Stonecrop N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.
Clausenellia ternata
 Wood stonecrop,
Woodland stonecrop 		Introduced,
US South native,
NY nativity unknown 		  NYFA-X
USDA-NX
Go Botany
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Gold-moss,
Goldmoss stonecrop 		Introduced   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 White stonecrop Introduced   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Spanish stonecrop Introduced   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
 Orange stonecrop Introduced   NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
    Petrosedum reflexum (L.) Grulich
    Sedum reflexum L.
 Jenny's stonecrop,
Reflexed stonecrop 		Introduced   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 Bunge
 Stringy stonecrop Introduced   NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Images
Wikispecies
 Chaix
Sedum anopetalum DC.
 European stonecrop Introduced,
No specimens 		  NYFA-X
USDA-X0
Images
Wikispecies

Family HaloragaceaeEdit

The Haloragaceae (watermilfoil family)...

Tribe MyriophylleaeEdit

ProserpinacaEdit
Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Proserpinaca
Proserpinaca Mermaidweed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. crebra
 Marsh mermaidweed Native,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
var. palustris
 Marsh mermaidweed Native,
Especially vulnerable 		  NYFA-1?
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 Lam.
 Comb-leaved mermaid-weed Native,
Threatened 		  NYFA-2
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
MyriophyllumEdit
The subgeneric system used here for Myriophyllum is based on Michael L. Moody and Donald H. Les (2010). "Systematics of the Aquatic Angiosperm Genus Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae)." Systematic Botany, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 2010), pp. 121-139.

The three Myriophyllum species M. spicatum, M. heterophyllum, and M. aquaticum are listed as invasive in New York State.

Myriophyllum subg. BrachythecaEdit
 
Myriophyllum heterophyllum
Although Myriophyllum heterophyllum (variable-leaved water milfoil) is listed as native to New York, in is also listed as very highly invasive and prohibited by state regulations.
Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca
Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca sect. Tessaronia Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Michx.
1803. Myriophyllum heterophyllum
Michx.
 Various-leaved water milfoil,
Variable-leaved water-milfoil,
Two-leaf water-milfoil,
Broad-leaved water-milfoil,
Changeleaf parrotfeather 		Introduced,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 93.62[1],
also Native,
Prohibited,
NYIS Tier 4,
S5, G5
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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ARS-GRIN
ITIS
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BONAP
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Wikispecies
(Raf.) Morong
 Low water-milfoil Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Bigel.
 Slender water-milfoil Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
Morong
 Farwell's water-milfoil Native, CoC: 4,
Threatened
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-2
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
(Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
 Cutleaf watermilfoil,
Cut-leaved water-milfoil,
Green parrotfeather 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-1
USDA-NN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
Myriophyllum subg. Brachytheca sect. Tessaronia (excluded taxa) Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray
    
 Western watermilfoil N. America native
 western N. Am.,
N.Y. excluded
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-Excluded
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ Jordan, M.J., G. Moore and T.W. Weldy. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY; The Nature Conservancy, Albany, NY.
Myriophyllum subg. MyriophyllumEdit
 
Myriophyllum alterniflorum
Saxifragales — Haloragaceae — Myriophylleae — Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum
Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum sect. Myriophyllum Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Kom.
1914. Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom.
 Northern water-milfoil,
Shortspike watermilfoil 		Native,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
 Whorled water-milfoil Native,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 DC.
Alternate-flowered water-milfoil
Alternateflower watermilfoil
Alternate water-milfoil
 Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
S2, G5,
NYNHP: 2[1]
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA: 6 counties

iNat: St. Lawrence 		NYFA-2
USDA-NN
iNaturalist
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Myriophyllum spicatum L.
Eurasian water milfoil
Eurasian water-milfoil
Eurasian watermilfoil
Spike water-milfoil
 Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 northern Africa,
Very highly invasive,
 NYIS: 94%[2],
NYS Tier 4,
Naturalized,
SNA, GNR
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA: 30 counties NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
iNaturalist
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
Myriophyllum subg. Myriophyllum sect. Pectinatum Water-milfoil N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Vell.) Verdc.
1829. Enydria aquatica Vell.
1830. Myriophyllum brasiliense Cambess.
1973. Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.
Parrot’s feather
Parrot-feather
Parrot feather watermilfoil
Water-feather
Brazilian water-milfoil
Thread-of-life
 Introduced from
 South America,
Highly invasive,
NYS Tier 2,
SNA, GNR
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA: 3 counties
iNat: 2 counties 		NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Myriophyllum alterniflorum. Acc. 2-Sep-2021.
  2. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Myriophyllum spicatum: invasive (94). Detail

Family PenthoraceaeEdit

The Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons.[1]

PenthorumEdit

 
Penthorum sedoides
ditch stonecrop
Penthorm contains the Asian species Penthorum chinense and North American species Penthorum sedoides or ditch stonecrop.
  1. ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 44, 148, 230: Penthoraceae Rydberg ex Britton "Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae. … Molecular studies suggest that the genus is sister to Haloragaceae. … Recent authors often have placed it in the monogeneric Penthoraceae."
Saxifragales — Penthoraceae — Penthorum
Penthorum Penthorum N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 Ditch-stonecrop,
Virginia stonecrop,
Virginia penthorum
Penthorum faux-orpin 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies

Family GrossulariaceaeEdit

The Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family)...

RibesEdit

Ribes can be grouped into the currants, which are generally thornless with small berries, and the gooseberries, which generally have thorns and larger berries.
Ribes subg. RibesEdit

Subgenus Ribes contains the currants.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Ribes
Ribes subg. Ribes Currant N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mill.
1768. Ribes americanum Mill.
1915. Coreosma americana (Mill.) Nieuwl.
 Wild black currant,
American black currant,
Blank currant
Groseillier d'Amérique,
Gadellier d’Amérique 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Shrub 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
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 Grauer
1784. Ribes glandulosum Grauer
1785. Ribes prostratum L'Hér.
1813. Ribes resinosum Pursh
 Skunk currant,
Wild currant
Gadellier glanduleux 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Shrub 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Pall.
1797. Ribes triste Pall.
1856. Ribes rubrum var. propinquum
1907. Ribes triste var. albinervium
1966. Ribes rubrum var. alaskanum
 Red currant,
Swamp red currant,
Wild red currant
Gadellier amer 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
OBL
Perennial,
Shrub 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Pursh
var. villosum DC.
1825. Ribes odoratum H.L.Wendl.
1828. Ribes aureum var. villosum DC.
 Buffalo currant,
Clove currant,
Golden currant,
Missouri currant
Groseillier doré 		Introduced,
N. America native
FACU-FACW
Perennial,
Shrub 		  NYFA-X
USDA-NX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Ribes rubrum L.
1789. Ribes vulgare Lam.
1826. Ribes sylvestre Mert. & W.D.J.Koch
1865. Ribes sativum (Rchb.) Syme
 Northern red currant,
Red garden currant,
Cultivated currant
Groseillier rouge 		Introduced from
 Europe,
Naturalized 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
1753. Ribes nigrum L.
1929. Ribes cyathiforme Pojark.
 Black currant,
European black currant,
Garden black currant
Gadellier noir,
Groseillier noir,
Cassis, Cassissier 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
Unk naturalization 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Ribes subg. GrossulariaEdit

Subgenus Grossularia contains the gooseberries.

Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Grossularia
Ribes subg. Grossularia Gooseberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L. 1753
1768. Grossularia cynosbati (L.) Mill.
1901. Ribes huronense Rydb.
 Prickly gooseberry,
Eastern prickly gooseberry,
American gooseberry,
Dogbramble,
Pasture gooseberry
Groseillier des chiens 		Native, CoC: 6,
Secure
FACU
Perennial,
Shrub,
Sun-shade 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Michx. 1803
1838. Grossularia hirtella (Michx.) Spach
 Smooth gooseberry,
Wild gooseberry,
Hairystem gooseberry,
Wedge-leaf gooseberry
Groseillier hérissé 		Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
FACW 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 Michx. 1803
1908. Grossularia rotundifolia Coville & Britton
 Appalachian gooseberry,
Wild gooseberry 		Native, CoC: 8,
Secure
UPL 		  NYFA-5
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
var. sativum DC.
1753. Ribes grossularia L.
1753. Ribes reclinatum L.
1768. Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill.
    Ribes uva-crispa ssp. sativum DC.
1830. Ribes uva-crispa ssp. reclinatum Rchb.
 European gooseberry,
English gooseberry
Groseillier épineux,
Groseillier deshaies,
Groseillier vert 		Introduced,
Eurasia native,
N. Africa native 		  NYFA-X
USDA-XX
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Ribes subg. GrossularioidesEdit
Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Ribes subg. Grossularioides
Ribes subg. Grossularioides Currant / Gooseberry N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pers.) Poir. 1812
1805. Ribes oxycanthoides var. lacustre Pers.
1876. Ribes lacustre var. parvulum A.Gray
1917. Limnobotrya lacustris (Pers.) Rydb.
 Bristly black currant,
Bristly black gooseberry,
Prickly currant,
Swamp gooseberry
Gadellier lacustre 		Native,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies

IteaEdit

Virginia sweetspire is a native of the southeaster U.S., cultivars of which are known to be planted in New York. No reports of naturalization in New York have been found.
Saxifragales — Grossulariaceae — Itea
Itea sweetspire N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Itea virginica L.
 Virginia sweetspire,
Tassel-white,
Virginia-tea,
Virginia-willow 		Introduced from
 US South,
Cultivated
Perennial,
Shrub 		  NYFA-0
USDA-N0
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies

Family SaxifragaceaeEdit

The Saxifragaceae (family)...

Subfamily SaxifragoideaeEdit

Tribe SaxifrageaeEdit
MicranthesEdit
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Micranthes
Micranthes Saxifrage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) Small
1803. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx.
1847. S. virginiensis var. virginiensis
1903. Micranthes virginiensis Small
1982. Spatularia virginiensis Á.& D.Löve
 Virginia saxifrage,
Early saxifrage
Saxifrage de Virginie 		Native,
Secure
FACU-FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
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ITIS
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 L. (Haw.)
1753. Saxifraga pensylvanica L.
1821. Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw.
1870. Saxifraga forbesii Vasey
1923. Saxifraga purpuripetala A.M.Johnson
1925. Micranthes pensylvanica
fo. purpuripetala (A.M.Johnson) House
1928. Micranthes pensylvanica
var. purpuripetala (A.M.Johnson) Bush
 Eastern swamp saxifrage,
Swamp saxifrage,
Marsh saxifrage,
Pennsylvania saxifrage
Saxifrage de Pennsylvanie 		Native,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  NYFA-4-5
USDA-NN
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ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
BONAP
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SaxifragaEdit
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Saxifragoideae — Saxifrageae — Saxifraga
Saxifraga Saxifrage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Saxifraga aizoides L.
1821. Leptasea aizoides (L.) Haw.
1836. Evaiezoa aizoides (L.) Raf.
1898. Saxifraga vanbruntiae Small
1905. Leptasea vanbruntiae Small
 Yellow mountain saxifrage,
Evergreen saxifrage,
Golden saxifrage
Saxifrage jaune,
Saxifrage faux-aïzoon,
Saxifrage jaune des montagnes 		Native,
Threatened 		  NYFA-2
USDA-NN
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VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
ssp. oppositifolia
 Purple mountain saxifrage Native,
Endangered 		  NYFA-1
USDA-NN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 Mill.
ssp. paniculata
1768. Saxifraga paniculata Mill.
1778. Saxifraga aizoon Jacq.
1944. Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea
1968. Saxifraga paniculata ssp. neogaea
1982. Chondrosea paniculata (Mill.) Á.Löve
 White mountain saxifrage Native,
Endangered 		  NYFA-1
USDA-NN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily HeucheroideaeEdit

Tribe ChrysosplenieaeEdit
ChrysospleniumEdit
 
Chrysosplenium americanum
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Chrysosplenieae — Chrysosplenium
Chrysosplenium Golden saxifrage N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
American golden saxifrage Native,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
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Images
Wikispecies
Tribe HeuchereaeEdit
TiarellaEdit
 
Tiarella cordifolia L.
heartleaf foamflower
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Tiarella
Tiarella Foamflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Tiarella cordifolia L.
1903. Tiarella macrophylla Small
1937. Tiarella wherryi Lakela
1937. T. cordifolia var. austrina Lakela
1940. T. cordifolia ssp. collina Wherry
 Foamflower,
Heartleaf foamflower,
Heart-leaved foam-flower,
False mitrewort,
Coolwort
Tiarelle cordifoliée,
Tiarelle à feuilles cordées,
Tiarelle feuille-en-coeur,
Tiarelle 		Native,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
MitellaEdit
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Mitella
Mitella Miterwort,
bishop's cap 		N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Two-leaved bishop's-cap,
Two-leaved miterwort,
Coolwort 		Native,
Secure 		  NYFA-5
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 L.
Mitella prostrata Michx.
 Naked bishop's-cap,
Naked miterwort,
Creeping bishop's cap 		Native,
Likely secure 		  NYFA-4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
  Mitella diphylla ×
  Mitella nuda
 Miterwort,
Bishop's-cap 		Native,
Especially vulnerable 		  NYFA-1?
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
HeucheraEdit
 
Heuchera americana
Alumroot
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Heuchera
Heuchera Alumroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
var. americana
 American alumroot
Heuchère d'Amérique 		Native,
Vulnerable 		  Bronx, Dutchess, Kings, Nassau, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Ulster, Washington, Westchester NYFA-3
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
var. villosa
 Hairy alumroot Introduced,
N. America native 		  Rensselaer NYFA-X
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
AstilbeEdit
 
Astilbe japonica
False-goat's-beard
Saxifragales — Saxifragaceae — Heucheroideae — Heuchereae — Astilbe
Astilbe False-goat's-beard N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(C.Morren & Decne.) A.Gray
 Florist's-spiraea Introduced,
Not naturalized
Perennial,
Herb-forb 		  Columbia, Dutchess, Madison, Warren NYFA-X
USDA-X0
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies

ReferencesEdit

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