Flora of New York/Ferns 1

← Lycophytes	Flora of New York — Pre-polypod ferns				→ Polypodiales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Class Polypodiopsida contains the ferns, including the eusporangiate ferns (horsetails, scouring rushes, moonworts, and grape ferns) and the leptosporangiate ferns of subclass Polypodiidae. Cladogram of ferns showing outgroups and the four subclasses down to orders: tracheoophytes lycophytes Lycopodiopsida   Lycopodiales       Isoetales     Selaginellales         euphyllophytes Polypodiopsida (ferns)   Equisetidae  Equisetales         Ophioglossidae    Psilotales     Ophioglossales         Marattiidae  Marattiales   Polypodiidae    Osmundales       Hymenophyllales       Gleicheniales       Schizaeales       Salviniales       Cyatheales     Polypodiales                     spermatophytes   gymnosperms ↓     angiosperms ↓↓         eusporangiate ferns leptosporangiate ferns A more detailed cladogram of New York State ferns down to subgenera or single species: ferns   Equisetales : Equisetaceae : Equisetum   subg. Equisetum (6 horse tails)     subg. Hippochaete (7 scouring rushes)             Psilotales : Psilotaceae (0 whisk ferns in NY)     Ophioglossales : Ophioglossaceae   Ophioglossoideae—Ophioglossum pusillum (northern adder's-tongue)      Botrychioideae   Botrypus virginianum (rattlesnake fern)       Sceptridium (4 evergreen grapeferns)     Botrychium (7 moonworts, grape ferns)                   Marattiales : Marattiaceae (0 marattid ferns in NY)       Osmundales : Osmundaceae   Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (cinnamon fern)       Claytosmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern)     Osmunda regalis (royal fern)             Hymenophyllales : Hymenophyllaceae   Hymenophylloideae (0 filmy ferns)     Trichomanoideae—Crepidomanes intricatum (Appalachian bristle fern)            Gleicheniales   Gleicheniaceae (0 forked ferns)       Matoniaceae (0 fan ferns)     Dipteridaceae (0 umbrella ferns)             Schizaeales   Lygodiaceae—Lygodium palmatum (American climbing fern)     Schizaeaceae—Schizaea pusilla (curlygrass)           Salviniales   Salviniaceae—Azolla cristata (mosquitofern)     Marsileaceae—Marsilea quadrifolia (water clover)           Cyatheales (0)     Polypodiales (continued below)                     eusporangiate ferns leptosporangiate ferns Continuation of Polypodiales part of above cladogram of New York State ferns, including the six suborders employed by PPG I (2016): Polypodiales     Saccolomatineae (1 genus, 0 in NY)     Lindsaeineae (3 families, 0 in NY)         Pteridineae : Pteridaceae   Cryptogrammoideae—Cryptogramma stelleri (fragile rockbrake}       Pteridoideae—Pteris multifida (brake fern - excluded!)       Cheilanthoideae     Pellaea atropurpurea (purple cliffbrake)     Pellaea glabella (smooth cliffbrake)       Myriopteris lanosa (hairy lip-fern)         Vittarioideae   Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair fern)     Vittaria appalachiana (Appalachian shoestring fern)                   Dennstaedtiineae : Dennstaedtiaceae   Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hay-scented fern)     Pteridium aquilinum (brackenfern)         Aspleniineae   Cystopteridaceae   Cystopteris (4 bladderferns)     Gymnocarpium dryopteris (northern oak fern)             Diplaziopsidaceae—Homalosorus pycnocarpos (narrow-leaved glade fern)     Aspleniaceae—Asplenium (11 spleenworts)         Thelypteridaceae   Phegopteridoideae—Phegopteris (2 beech ferns)     Thelypteridoideae—Thelypteris (3 marsh ferns)           Woodsiaceae—Woodsia (5 cliff ferns)       Athyriaceae   Athyrium (2 lady ferns)     Deparia acrostichoides (silvery spleenwort)           Onocleaceae   Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern)     Matteuccia struthiopteris (ostrich fern)         Blechnaceae : Woodwardioideae   Anchistea virginica (Virginia chainfern)     Lorinseria areolata (netted chainfern)                   Polypodiineae   Dryopteridaceae : Dryopteridoideae   Dryopteris (28 woodferns)       Polystichum (4 holly ferns)     Cyrtomium falcatum (netvein hollyfern - excluded)           Polypodiaceae : Polypodioideae   Polypodium (3 rock-cap ferns)     Pleopeltis polypodioides (resurrection fern excluded)

Subclass	Order	Suborder	Family	Subfamily	Genus	Subgenus	Common names	#
Equisetidae	Equisetales	—	Equisetaceae	—	Equisetum	Equisetum	horsetail	6
						Hippochaete	scouring rush	7
Ophioglossidae	Ophioglossales	—	Ophioglossaceae	Botrychioideae	Botrychium	Botrychium	moonwort, grape fern	8
						Osmundopteris	rattlesnake fern	1
						Sceptridium	evergreen grapefern	4
				Ophioglossoideae	Ophioglossum		adder's tongue	1
Polypodiidae (leptosporangiate ferns)	Osmundales	—	Osmundaceae	—	Osmundastrum		cinnamon fern	1
					Osmunda	Claytosmunda	interrupted fern	1
						Osmunda	royal fern	1
	Hymenophyllales	—	Hymenophyllaceae	Trichomanoideae	Crepidomanes		grotto felt, weft fern	1
	Schizaeales	—	Lygodiaceae	—	Lygodium		climbing fern	1
			Schizaeaceae	—	Schizaea		curlygrass fern	1
	Salviniales	—	Salviniaceae	—	Azolla		mosquitofern	1
					Salvinia		watermoss, floatingfern	x
			Marsileaceae	—	Marsilea		waterclover, waterfern	1
	Polypodiales	Dennstaedtiineae	Dennstaedtiaceae	—	Dennstaedtia		hay-scented fern	1
					Pteridium		brackenfern	2
		Pteridineae	Pteridaceae	Cryptogrammoideae	Cryptogramma		rock brake	1
				Pteridoideae	Pteris		brake fern	x
				Cheilanthoideae	Pellaea		cliff brake	2
					Cheilanthes		lip fern	1
				Vittarioideae	Adiantum		maidenhair-fern	1
					Vittaria		ribbon fern	1
		Aspleniineae	Cystopteridaceae	—	Cystopteris		bladder fern	5
					Gymnocarpium		oak fern	2
			Diplaziopsidaceae	—	Homalosorus		glade fern	1
			Aspleniaceae	—	Asplenium		spleenwort	10
			Thelypteridaceae	Phegopteridoideae	Phegopteris		beech fern	2
				Thelypteridoideae	Thelypteris		marsh fern, New York fern	3
			Woodsiaceae	—	Woodsia		cliff fern	5
			Onocleaceae	—	Onoclea		sensitive fern	1
					Matteuccia		ostrich fern	1
			Blechnaceae	Woodwardioideae	Anchistea		Virginia chainfern	1
					Lorinseria		netted chainfern	1
			Athyriaceae	—	Deparia		false spleenwort	1
					Athyrium		lady fern	3
		Polypodiineae	Dryopteridaceae	Dryopteridoideae	Cyrtomium		netvein hollyfern	x
					Dryopteris		woodfern	30
					Polystichum		hollyfern	5
			Polypodiaceae	Polypodioideae	Polypodium		polypody, rockcap fern	3
					Pleopeltis		resurrection fern	x

Order Equisetales

The order Equisetales contains the plants commonly known as horsetails and scouring rushes. This order contains the single living genus Equisetum, which is represented in every county of New York.

Family Equisetaceae

The Equisetaceae (horsetail family) ...

Equisetum

Equisetum is here divided into the two subgenera Equisetum (horsetails) and Hippochaete (scouringrushes).

Equisetum subg. Equisetum

Equisetum arvense field horsetail The Equisetum subgenus Equisetum comprises the horsetails.

Equisetales — Equisetaceae — Equisetum subg. Equisetum
Genus Equisetum subg. Equisetum	Horsetail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Equisetum arvense  L. 1753. Equisetum arvense L. 1832. Equisetum boreale Bong. 1912. Allostelites arvensis (L.) Börner 1960. Equisetum calderi B.Boivin	Field horsetail, Common horsetail, Common field horsetail Prêle des champs, Queue de renard	Native, CoC: 2, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos NatureServe IPN Images Wikispecies
Equisetum fluviatile  L. 1753. Equisetum fluviatile L. 1753. Equisetum limosum L.	Water horsetail, River horsetail Prêle fluviatile	Native, CoC: 4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Equisetum × litorale  Kühlew. ex Rupr. (pro sp.)   Equisetum arvense ×   Equisetum fluviatile 1845. Equisetum litorale Kühlew. ex Rupr.	Litoral horsetail Prêle littorale	Native, Rare OBL Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 3	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Equisetum sylvaticum  L. 1753. Equisetum sylvaticum L. 1795. Equisetum capillare Hoffm.	Wood horsetail, Woodland horsetail Prêle des bois	Native, CoC: 7, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Equisetum palustre  L. 1753. Equisetum palustre L. 1927. Equisetum palustre  var. americanum  Vict.	Marsh horsetail Prêle des marais	Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 FACW		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Equisetum pratense  Ehrh. 1784. Equisetum pratense Ehrh.	Meadow horsetail, Shady horsetail Prêle des prés	Native, CoC: 4, Threatened, NYNHP: 2 FACW Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Genus Equisetum (excluded) subg. Equisetum	Horsetail	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Equisetum telmateia  Ehrh.  ssp. braunii (Milde) Hauke 1862. Equisetum braunii Milde 1978. Equisetum telmateia  var. braunii  (Milde) Hauke  auct. Equisetum maximum non Lam.	Giant horsetail, Great horsetail, Ivory horsetail Prêle géante	Introduced from  western N. America, N.Y. excluded OBL		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Equisetum subg. Hippochaete

Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine western scouringrush Plants of subg. Hippochaete are often referred to as scouring rushes. Christenhusz et. al. (2019) suggests that the western scouringrush (Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine) should be treated at the species level (Equisetum praealtum Raf.).

Equisetales — Equisetaceae — Equisetum subg. Hippochaete
Genus Equisetum subg. Hippochaete	Scouringrush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Equisetum hyemale  L.  ssp. affine Calder & Roy L.Taylor     Equisetum affine Engelm.     Equisetum praealtum Raf.     Equisetum robustum A.Braun     Hippochaete hyemalis (L.) Braun	Common scouringrush, Western scouringrush, Rough horsetail, Scouringrush horsetail Prêle d'hiver	Native, CoC: 2, Secure		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Equisetum scirpoides  Michx. (1803)	Dwarf scouring rush Prêle faux-scirpe	Native, CoC: 9, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Equisetum variegatum  Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr 1807. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr 1822. Equisetum multiforme  var. variegatum  Vaucher 1839. Equisetum hyemale  ssp. variegatum  A.Braun 1842. Equisetum hyemale  var. variegatum  Newman 1868. Hippochaete variegata (Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Bruhin	Variegated scouring rush, Variegated horsetail Prêle panachée	Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Herb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Equisetum × mackaii   Equisetum hyemale ×   Equisetum variegatum	Rough-toothed scouring rush	Native, CoC: 3, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3	USDA-N Images Wikispecies
Equisetum × nelsonii  (A.A.Eaton) J.H.Schaffn.   Equisetum laevigatum ×   Equisetum variegatum 1904. Equisetum variegatum  var. nelsonii  A.A.Eaton 1926. Equisetum nelsoni J.H.Schaffn.	Nelson's scouring rush, Nelson's horsetail	Native, Unranked		NYFA: U	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Equisetum × ferrissii  Clute   Equisetum hyemale ×   Equisetum laevigatum 1903. Equisetum hyemale  var. intermedium  A.A.Eaton 1904. Equisetum ferrissii Clute 1917. Equisetum intermedium Rydb. 1951. Equisetum hyemale  var. elatum  (Engelm.) C.V.Morton	Ferris' scouring rush	Native, Unranked		NYFA: U	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Equisetum (excluded) subg. Hippochaete	Scouring rush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Equisetum laevigatum  A.Braun (1844)     E. funstonii     Equisetum kansanum     Hippochaete laevigata	Smooth scouring-rush	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies

Order Ophioglossales

The order Ophioglossales may contain the oldest of the plants now considered to be ferns s.l.

Family Ophioglossaceae

The Ophioglossaceae (adder's-tongue family) comprises primitive ferns that have traditionally been considered part of a group informally known as fern-allies. In New York, the family is represented by about a dozen native species, all of which are listed as protected plants.

Botrychioideae

Botrychium

The genus Botrychium contains the moonworts, evergreen grapeferns, and rattlesnake ferns, each of which is treated here as a subgenus of Botrychium. These groups are also sometimes treated as separate genera within the Ophioglossaceae.

Botrychium subg. Botrychium

Botrychium matricariifolium daisy-leaved moonwort

Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Botrychium subg. Botrychium
Genus Botrychium subg. Botrychium	Moonwort, grape fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Botrychium matricariifolium  (Döll) A.Braun ex W.D.J.Koch 1843. Botrychium lunaria  var. matricariifolium  Döll 1847. Botrychium neglectum Alph.Wood 1847. Botrychium matricariifolium ex W.D.J.Koch	Daisy-leaved moonwort, Chamomile grape-fern, Matricary grapefern Botryche à feuille  de matricaire	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FACU Perennial, Fern		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Botrychium angustisegmentum  (Pease & A.H.Moore) Fernald 1906. Botrychium lanceolatum  var. angustisegmentum  Pease & A.H.Moore 1915. Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease & A.H.Moore) Fernald 1937. Botrychium lanceolatum  ssp. angustisegmentum  R.T.Clausen	Narrow triangle moonwort, Narrow moonwort, Lance-leaved grape-fern Botryche à segments étroits	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Fern		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Botrychium simplex  E.Hitchc. 1823. Botrychium simplex E.Hitchc. 1899. Botrychium tenebrosum A.A.Eaton	Least grape-fern, Little grape-fern	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure Perennial, Fern		NYFA: 4-5	USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Botrychium tenebrosum  A.A.Eaton     Botrychium simplex  var. tenebrosum  (A.A.Eaton) R.T.Clausen     Botrychium tenebrosum A.A.Eaton	Shade-loving moonwort, Swamp moonwort	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered Perennial, Fern		NYFA: 1 NYFA: Cayuga, St.Lawrence 4 counties	Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Botrychium neolunaria  Stensvold & Farrar 1753. Osmunda lunaria L. misapplied 1801. B. lunaria (L.) Sw. misappl. 1903. B. onondagense Underw. 1923. B. lunaria  var. onondagense  (Underw.) House 2017. B. neolunaria Stensvold & Farrar	Moonwort grape-fern, Common moonwort	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, CA, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Fern		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Botrychium minganense  Vict. 1927. Botrychium minganense Vict. 1937. Botrychium lunaria  var. minganense  (Vict.) Dole 1965. Botrychium lunaria  ssp. minganense  (Vict.) Calder & Roy L.Taylor	Mingan's moonwort, Mingan moonwort, Mingan Island moonwort Botryche de Mingan	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, CA, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Fern		NYFA: 1	USDA-N Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Botrychium campestre  W.H.Wagner & Farrar     Botrychium minganense (in part)	Prairie moonwort, Prairie dunewort, Dunewort, Iowa moonwort	Native, CoC: 10, No recent reports, NYNHP: 1 Perennial, Fern		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Botrychium subg. Botrychium (excluded taxa)	Moonwort, grape fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Botrychium lanceolatum  (S.G.Gmel.) Ångstr. 1854. Botrychium lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.) Ångstr.	Triangle moonwort Botryche élancé	N. America native, N.Y. excluded Perennial, Fern		NYFA-Excluded	FNA Images Wikispecies
Botrychium ascendens  W.H.Wagner 1986. Botrychium ascendens W.H.Wagner	Triangle-lobe moonwort, Upswept moonwort, Ascending grapefern Botryche ascendant	Native, Unreported Perennial, Fern		NYFA: D	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris

Botrychium virginianum The subgenus Osmundopteris (sometimes treated as the genus Botrypus) contains a single, fairly widespread Rattlesnake fern species (Botrychium virginianum or Botrypus virginianus).

Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris
Genus Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris	Rattlesnake fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Botrychium virginianum  (L.) Sw. 1753. Osmunda virginiana L. 1800. Botrychium virginianum Sw. 1803. Botrypus virginianus Michx. 1814. Botrychium gracile Pursh 1938. Osmundopteris virginiana Small 1958. Japanobotrychium virginianum M.Nishida	Rattlesnake fern, Rattlesnake grapefern, Virginia grapefern Botryche de Virginie	Native, CoC: 8, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Botrychium subg. Sceptridium

Botrychium dissectum cut-leaved grape-fern The subgenus Sceptridium, often treated as a separate genus Sceptridium Lyon (1905), contains the evergreen grape ferns, four species of which are native to New York.

Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Botrychium subg. Osmundopteris sect. Sceptridium
Genus Botrychium subg. Sceptridium	Evergreen grape fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Botrychium dissectum  Spreng. 1804. Botrychium dissectum Spreng. 1810. Botrychium obliquum Muhl. 1902. Botrychium dissectum  var. obliquum  Clute 1905. Sceptridium dissectum Lyon 1905. Sceptridium obliquum Lyon	Cut-leaved grape-fern, Cutleaf grapefern, Dissected grapefern	Native, CoC: 3, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies Note: CA
Botrychium multifidum  (S.G.Gmel.) Rupr. 1768. Osmunda multifida S.G.Gmel. 1825. Botrychium silaifolium C.Presl 1859. Botrychium multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) Rupr. 1898. Botrychium coulteri Underw. 1905. Botrychium californicum Underw. 1938. Botrychium obliquum  var. multifidum  (S.G.Gmel.) Clute 1958. Sceptridium multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) M.Nishida	Leathery grape-fern, Leather grape-fern	Native, CoC: 3, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Botrychium oneidense  (Gilbert) House 1901. Botrychium ternatum  var. oneidense  Gilbert 1902. Botrychium dissectum  var. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1902. Botrychium dissectum  f. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1902. Botrychium obliquum  f. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1903. Botrychium obliquum  var. oneidense  (Gilbert) Waters 1905. Sceptridium obliquum  var. oneidense  (Gilbert) Lyon 1905. Botrychium ternatum  f. oneidense  (Gilbert) Clute 1916. Botrychium multifidum  var. oneidense  Farw. 1921. Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House 1998. Sceptridium oneidense (Gilbert) Holub	Blunt-lobed grape-fern, Bluntlobe grapefern, Oneida grape fern	Native, CoC: 5, Threatened, CA, NYNHP: 2		NYFA: 2-3	USDA-NN Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
Botrychium rugulosum  W.H.Wagner 1939. Botrychium multifidum  f. dentatum  R.M.Tryon 1982. Botrychium rugulosum W.H.Wagner 1997. Sceptridium rugulosum (W.H.Wagner) Škoda & Holub  auct. Botrychium ternatum non (Thunb.) Sw.	Ternate grapefern, Rugulose grape-fern, St. Lawrence grape-fern, Botryche à limbe rugueux	Native, CoC: 6, Endangered, Few populations, CA, NYNHP: 1		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA BONAP Images Wikispecies
Genus Botrychium subg. Sceptridium (excluded taxa)	Evergreen grape fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Botrychium biternatum  (Savigny) Underw. 1798. Osmunda biternata Savigny 1896. Botrychium biternatum (Savigny) Underw. 1903. Botrychium tenuifolium Underw. 1905. Sceptridium tenuifolium (Underw.) Lyon 1905. Sceptridium biternatum (Savigny) Lyon 1924. Botrychium dissectum  var. tenuifolium  (Underw.) Farw.	Sparselobe grapefern, Sparse-lobe grape fern	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Ophioglossoideae

Ophioglossum

Ophioglossum pusillum northern adder's-tongue Northern adder's-tongue may appear in wet meadows, swamp edges, and thickets.

Ophioglossales — Ophioglossaceae — Ophioglossum
Genus Ophioglossum	Adder's-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ophioglossum pusillum  Raf. 1814. Ophioglossum pusillum Raf. 1927. Ophioglossum vulgatum  var. alaskanum  C.Chr. 1917. Ophioglossum vulgatum  var. pseudopodum  (S.F.Blake) Farw.  auct. Ophioglossum vulgatum non L. (s.s.)	Northern adder's-tongue Herbe-sans-couture	Native, CoC: 5, Vulnerable FACW Perennial, Fern		NYFA: 3	USDA-N Go Botany ITIS FNA IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies
Genus Ophioglossum (excluded)	Adder's-tongue	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ophioglossum vulgatum  L. 1753. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. 1939. Ophioglossum vulgatum  var. pycnostichum  Fernald 1977. Ophioglossum pycnostichum (Fernald) A.Löve & D.Löve	Southern adder's-tongue, English adder's-tongue Herbe sans couture	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA IPN LBJ Images Wikispecies

Order Osmundales

The Osmundales contains a single family with three native species represented outside of cultivation in New York.

Family Osmundaceae

The Osmundaceae (royal fern family), as circumscribed here, contains six extant genera, three of which have single species found in New York.

Osmundaceae	Todea Leptopteris Osmundastrum (cinnamon fern) Claytosmunda (interrupted fern) Plenasium Osmunda (royal fern)

Osmundastrum

Osmundastrum cinnamomeum Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (cinnamon fern) is the only living species of Osmundastrum.

Osmundales — Osmundaceae — Osmundastrum
Genus Osmundastrum	Cinnamon fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum  (L.) C.Presl  ssp. cinnamomeum 1753. Osmunda cinnamomea L. 1841. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. frondosa  Torr. & A.Gray 1847. Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl 1868. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. imbricata  (Kunze) Milde 1902. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. glandulosa  Waters 1909. Osmunda cinnamomea  var. fokiensis  Copel.	Cinnamon fern, Buckhorn Osmonde cannelle	Native, CoC: 6, Secure, DEC-D OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note: FEIS

Claytosmunda

Claytosmunda claytoniana Claytosmunda (Y. Yatabe, N. Murak. & K. Iwats.) Metzgar & Rouhan contains the single species Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan (interrupted fern), which until recently was placed in Osmunda subgenus Claytosmunda.

Osmundales — Osmundaceae — Claytosmunda
Genus Claytosmunda  (Y. Yatabe, N. Murak. & K. Iwats.) Metzgar & Rouhan	Interrupted fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Claytosmunda claytoniana  (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan 1753. Osmunda claytoniana L. 1801. Struthiopteris claytoniana (L.) Bernh. 1848. Plenasium claytonianum (L.) C. Presl 1941. Osmundastrum claytonianum (L.) Tagawa 2016. Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan	Interrupted fern, Clayton's fern Osmonde de Clayton	Native, CoC: 4, Secure, DEC-D FAC Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 5 GBIF	USDA-N Go Botany VASCAN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Osmunda

Osmunda spectabilis at Clark Reservation State Park Osmunda L.. Osmunda spectabilis Willd.

Osmundales — Osmundaceae — Osmunda
Genus Osmunda subg. Osmunda	Flowering fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Osmunda spectabilis  Willd. 1810. Osmunda spectabilis Willd. 1856. Osmunda regalis  var. spectabilis  (Willd.) A.Gray 1977. Osmunda regalis  ssp. spectabilis  (Willd.) Á.Löve & D.Löve	Royal fern, Regal fern, Flowering fern Osmonde royale, Fougère royale	Native, CoC: 6, Secure, DEC-D OBL Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 5	USDA-N VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Order Hymenophyllales

Crepidomanes intricatum The order Hymenophyllales contains a single family, the Hymenophyllaceae, or filmy fern family.

Family Hymenophyllaceae

Crepidomanes intricatum In New York, only one species of this family has been verified as living outside of cultivation, and that species is considered to be endangered in the state.

Crepidomanes

Crepidomanes intricatum The only member of the Hymenophyllaceae found in New York is a gametophitic weft fern Crepidomanes intricatum, which was transferred from Trichomanes to the mostly Asian Crepidomanes genus by Ebihara & Weakley (2011) based on molecular sequence. Crepidomanes intricatum is assumed to be gametophitic only. Sporophitic generations of this plant have not been observed.

Hymenophyllales — Hymenophyllaceae — Crepidomanes
Genus Crepidomanes	Grotto felt	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Crepidomanes intricatum  (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley 1992. Trichomanes intricatum Farrar 2011. Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley	Appalachian bristle fern, Appalachian trichomanes, Filmy fern, Weft fern	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A		Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Greene, Schoharie, Sullivan, Ulster, Westchester NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Order Schizaeales

The order Schizaeales contains the seemingly dissimilar families Anemiaceae (flowering ferns), Lygodiaceae (climbing ferns), and Schizaeaceae (curly-grass ferns). A single endangered species in each of the latter two families are present in New York.

Family Lygodiaceae

Lygodium palmatum The Lygodiaceae (climbing-fern family) consists of the single genus Lygodium, which in New York, is represented by the endangered American climbing fern. No other Lygodium species are native to North America, and some have been found to be invasive in the southern U.S.

Lygodium

Lygodium palmatum The genus Lygodium contains about 40 species of climbing ferns, the only one of which is found in New York (and the only North American native) is the endangered American climbing fern or Hartford fern (Lygodium palmatum). It grows in moist acidic thickets and woods.

Schizaeales — Lygodiaceae — Lygodium
Genus Lygodium	Climbing fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lygodium palmatum  (Bernh.) Sw. 1800. Gisopteris palmata Bernh. 1806. Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw.	American climbing fern, Creeping fern, Hartford fern, Windsor fern	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, DEC-A FACW Perennial, Herb-fern		Chenango, Greene, Oneida, Onondaga, Saratoga, Suffolk NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 FNA Images Wikispecies

Family Schizaeaceae

The Schizaeaceae (curly-grass family)...

Schizaea

Schizaeales — Schizaeaceae — Schizaea
Genus Schizaea Sm.	Curlygrass fern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Schizaea pusilla  Pursh 1814. Schizaea pusilla Pursh	Curlygrass, Curly-grass fern, Little curlygrass fern	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered, DEC-A OBL Perennial, Herb-fern		NYFA: 1	USDA-N FNA Images Wikispecies

Order Salviniales

The order Salviniales (the heterosporous or water ferns) contains the families Salviniaceae (mosquitoferns) and Marsileaceae (waterferns), which have few species represented in New York.

Family Salviniaceae

The family Salviniaceae contains the aquatic fern genera Azolla and Salvinia.

Azolla

Azolla cristata, mosquito fern Azolla (mosquito ferns) have previously been placed in their own family, the Azollaceae. The taxonomy of the New World Azolla species has been in dispute - four species have been reported in the literature: A. caroliniana, A. filiculoides, A. mexicana and A. microphylla, but Evrard and Van Hove (2004) concluded that only two species exist in America and, according to the priority rule for nomenclature, they should be named A. cristata and A. filiculoides. Azolla filiculoides has been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas.

Salviniales — Salviniaceae — Azolla sect. Azolla
Genus Azolla sect. Azolla	Mosquitofern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Azolla cristata  Kaulf. 1824. Azolla cristata Kaulf. 1827. Azolla portoricensis Spreng. 1830. Azolla mexicana Schltdl. & Cham. nom. nud. 1844. Azolla mexicana Schltdl. & Cham. ex Kunze 1845. Azolla mexicana Schltdl. & Cham. ex C.Presl  auct. Azolla caroliniana non Willd.  auct. Azolla filiculoides non Lam.	Mosquito fern, Carolina mosquitofern, Eastern mosquito-fern, Fairy-moss, Mosquito-plant Azolle de Caroline, Azolla de Caroline	Native, CoC: 2, Unranked, DEC-D, SNR, G5 OBL Annual, Herb-fern		NYFA: 2?	USDA-NX Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies Note:
Genus Azolla (excluded taxa)	Mosquitofern	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Azolla filiculoides  Lam. 1783. Azolla filiculoides Lam. 1810. Azolla caroliniana Willd. 1810. Azolla magellanica Willd. 1824. Azolla microphylla Kaulf. 1827. Azolla arbuscula Desv.	Pacific mosquitofern, Pacific azolla, Fern azolla, Large mosquito fern, Duckweed fern, Redwater fern Azolle fausse-filicule, Azolla fausse-filicule	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		excluded NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NX VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Salvinia

Salvinia minima The two species of Salvinia previously reported in New York have been excluded from the New York Flora Atlas as of 9/18/2016. The genus Salvinia (watermoss) contains mostly tropical, aquatic ferns. S. minima, mistakenly reported as S. natans has been reported from ponds on Staten Island and Rockland County, but these may have been aquarium escapes, as this genus is unlikely to be able to naturalize that far north. DEC regulation 193.3 Protected native plants, lists Salvinia minima as Exploitably vulnerable, even though it is a Central and South American native that is considered to be invasive in the southeastern U.S.

Salviniales — Salviniaceae — Salvinia
Genus Salvinia Seg. (excluded species)	Watermoss	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Salvinia minima  Baker 1886. Salvinia minima Baker	Floating-fern, Water-fern, Water spangles, Common watermoss	Introduced from  South America,  southern Mexico, Highly invasive,  USGS: L48 invasive, NYFA Excluded, DEC-D, (Exploitably vulnerable‽)		NYFA-Excluded NYFA: excluded iNat GBIF No observations	USDA-XX COL Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Salvinia auriculata  Aubl. 1775. Salvinia auriculata Aubl. 1792. Marsilea auriculata (Aubl.) Vitman 1810. Marsilea rotundifolia Willd.	Eared water-moss ⓘ African payal ⓘ Rundblättriger Schwimmfarn	Introduced, Potentially invasive,  iMapInvasives,  USGS: L48 not listed		NYFA-Excluded NYFA: excluded iNat GBIF no observations	COL Images Wikispecies
Salvinia natans 1753. Marsilea natans L. 1785. Salvinia natans (L.) All.	Floating watermoss ⓘ Schwimmfarn ⓘ Helechillo de agua ⓘ	Introduced from  Eurasia,  northen Africa, N.Y. excluded,  USGS: L48 not listed		excluded NYFA-Excluded iNat GBIF	USDA-X COL ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies Note:

Family Marsileaceae

The Marsileaceae (water-clover family) has a single species (Marsilea quadrifolia) surviving outside of cultivation in New York.

Marsilea

Marsilea quadrifolia, European water-clover Although fairly rare, European water-clover can have large local populations and is considered to be potentially invasive in the Finger Lakes and Lower Hudson Valley. According to the USDA-NRCS PLANTS database, Marsilea quadrifolia is native to parts of Ontario, Canada, but other sources list it as only a European native.

Salviniales — Marsileaceae — Marsilea
Genus Marsilea	Waterclover	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Marsilea quadrifolia  L.	European water-clover, European water fern, Water shamrock, European pepperwort Marsilée à quatre feuilles, Marsile à quatre feuilles	Introduced from  Europe, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 45%		NYFA: X NYFA: 6 counties 1 county	USDA-XN‽ Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies