Flora of New York/Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales


Poales 4
Flora of New York — Commelinales, Zingiberales, Ceratophyllales
Ranunculales
Table of
contents
Genus
index
Protected species index Invasive species index


The orders Commelinales and Zingiberales are members of the commelinids clade within the monocots.
commelinids

Arecales (palms, not naturalized in NY)



Poales (grasses, rushes, sedges)





Zingiberales (gingers, banana, unlikely naturalized in NY)



Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)





The monospecific order Ceratophyllales is thought to be the phylogenetic sister to all the eudicots, which include all the angiosperms that follow.


Order Commelinales

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The Commelinales

Family Commelinaceae

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The Commelinaceae (dayflower family).[1]
  1. Commelinaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subamily Commelinoideae

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Tribe Tradescanteae
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Tradescantia
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Wild Flowers of New York Part 1, Plate 7. Spider Lily, Spiderwort - Tradescantia virginiana (1918)
Spiderwort (Tradescantia) is a New World genus of herbaceous perennials, named by Carl Linnaeus in honor of John Tradescant the Elder (ca. 1570–1638). Although all spiderworts listed in New York are considered to be native to eastern North America, none are listed as New York natives by the New York Flora Atlas. However, Tradescantia ohiensis is listed as native in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts; and BONAP shows it native in New York.
Commelinales — Commelinaceae — Commelinoideae — Tradescanteae — Tradescantia
Genus Tradescantia Spider wort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.

1814. Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. in Précis Découv. Somiol.:45
1832. Tradescantia canaliculata Raf. in Atlantic J. 1:150
1837. Tradescantia reflexa Raf. in New Fl. 2:87
1837. Tradescantia riparia Raf. in New Fl. 2:88
1897. Tradescantia foliosa Small in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:234
1903. Tradescantella incarnata (Small) Small in Fl. S.E. U.S.:1328
1905. Tradescantia difformis Bush in Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1905:101
1935. Tradescantia paludosa E.S.Anderson & Woodson in Contr. Arnold Arbor.
1977. Tradescantia ohiensis var. foliosa (Small) MacRoberts in Phytologia
1979. Tradescantia ohiensis var. paludosa (E.S.Anderson & Woodson) MacRoberts

Ohio spiderwort,
Bluejacket,
Smooth spiderwort
Introduced from
 eastern N. America,
N. America native,
Naturalized,
SNA, G5

FACU-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb,
Part Shade,
2n = 12, 24
 
NYFA: 15 counties

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 L.

1753. Tradescantia virginiana L.
Virginia spiderwort
Éphémère de Virginie
Introduced from
 eastern N. America,
N. America native,
Naturalized
 
NYFA: X

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Tradescantia ohiensis ×
Tradescantia virginiana

Hybrid of
 Ohio spiderwort &
 Virginia spiderwort
Introduced from
 eastern N. America,
N. America native,
Naturalized
 
NYFA: X

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 (Britton) Smyth
 var. occidentalis

1896. Tradescantia virginiana  var. occidentalis  Britton
1899. Tradescantia occidentalis  var. occidentalis
1935. Tradescantia virginiana  var. typica  E.S.Anderson & Woodson
Prairie spider-wort,
Western spiderwort
Introduced,
N. America native,
Impersistent
 
NYFA: Xm

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 Ker Gawl.

1813. Tradescantia subaspera Ker Gawl.
1893. Tradescantia montana Shuttlew. ex Small & Vail
1935. Tradescantia subaspera  var. montana   E.S.Anderson & Woodson
1949. Tradescantia subaspera  ssp. montana   R.T.Clausen
Zigzag spiderwort Introduced,
N. America native,
Impersistent
 
NYFA: Xm

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Tribe Commelineae
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The Commelineae in New York include the dayflowers (Commelina spp.) and dewflowers (Murdannia spp.).
Commelina
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Commelina erecta L.
slender or whitemouth dayflower
The only dayflower (Commelina sp.) listed as native to New York is Commelina erecta (slender dayflower),[1] which is thought to be extirpated from the state.

The introduced Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) is fairly common in many parts of the state. It is reported to be invasive in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virgina, Virginia, and Kentucky.[2]


  1. M.L. Fernald (1950). Gray's manual of botany, 8th ed. American Book Company, New York. p. 393. Lists C. erecta (typical) as present in southeastern New York.
  2. Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States. July 10, 2018
Commelinales — Commelinaceae — Commelinoideae — Commelineae — Commelina
Genus Commelina Dayflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
 ssp. erecta

1753. Commelina erecta  L.
1816. Commelina elegans  Kunth
1903. Commelina saxicola  Small
Slender dayflower
Erect dayflower
Whitemouth dayflower
Widow's tears
Common dayflower
Native, CoC: 10,
Extirpated,
Impersistent,
NYNHP:[1]

UPL-FAC

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: Z
NYFA: 1 county
0 counties

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 L.

1753. Commelina communis L.
1811. Commelina debilis Ledeb.
1843. Commelina willdenowii Kunth
1861. Commelina ludens Miq.
1881. Commelina communis  var. ludens  (Miq.) C.B. Clarke
1909. Commelina communis  var. angustifolia  Nakai
1910. Commelina coreana H.Lév.
1961. Commelina communis  f. aureostriata
Asian dayflower,
Asiatic dayflower,
Dayflower
Introduced from
 temperate Asia,
Potentially invasive,
Naturalized

Annual,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 0 counties
iNat
0 counties

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Genus Commelina(excluded taxa) Dayflower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
Burm.f.
 var. diffusa

1768. Commelina diffusa Burm.f.
Climbing dayflower N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: 0 counties
0 counties

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 L.

1753. Commelina virginica L.
Virginia dayflower N. America native,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: 0 counties
0 counties

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Murdannia
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Commelinales — Commelinaceae — Commelinoideae — Commelineae — Murdannia
Genus MurdanniaRoyle(excluded species) Dew-flower N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(L.) Brenan

Commelina nudiflora. L.
Murdannia nudiflora. (L.) Brenan
Nakedstem dewflower,
Dove-weed
Introduced from
 Asia,
N.Y. excluded
 
NYFA: X

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 (Hassk.) Hand.-Maz.

1870. Aneilema keisak Hassk.
1936. Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) in…
Wart-removing herb,
Marsh dewflower,
Asian spiderwort
Introduced from
 Asia,
Highly invasive,
 NYIS: 78%[1],
No NY reports
 
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Family Haemodoraceae

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The Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family).[1]

Subfamily Haemodoroideae

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Lachnanthes
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Lachnanthes caroliniana
The genus Lachnanthes consists of the single species Carolina redroot or bloodroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana).
  1. Haemodoraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
Commelinales — Haemodoraceae — Haemodoroideae
Genus Lachnanthes Redroot N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Lam.) Dandy

1791. Dilatris caroliniana  Lam.
1791. Heritiera tinctorium  Walter ex J.F.Gmel.
1812. Gyrotheca tinctoria  (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Salisb.
1814. Dilatris tinctoria  (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Pursh
1816. Lachnanthes tinctoria  (Walter ex J.F.Gmel.) Elliott
1932. Lachnanthes caroliana  (Lam.) Dandy
Carolina redroot,
Carolina bloodroot,
Red-root,
Paint-root,
Dye-root
Lachnanthe de Caroline
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
S1, G4,
NYNHP: 1[1]

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
  Suffolk
NYFA: 1

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Family Pontederiaceae

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The Pontederiaceae (family).[1]
  1. Pontederiaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe Pontederieae

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Pontederia
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Pontederia subg. Pontederia
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Pontederia cordata
pickerel weed

Commelinales — Pontederiaceae — Pontederieae — Pontederia
Genus Pontederia Pickerel weed N.Y. Status Images Distribution NPT
 L.

1753. Pontederia cordata L.
Pickerelweed
Pontédérie cordée,
Langue du boeuf
Native,
Secure
 
NYFA: 5

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Pontederia subg. Oshunae
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Pontederia crassipes
Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an attractive free-floating aquatic perennial that is known to be very invasive in the south. It has been reported outside of cultivation in New York State, but was thought to be unable to overwinter this far north. However, it may be able to grow as an annual, and there is concern that water hyacinths may eventually evolve resistance to the cold.[1][2]
Commelinales — Pontederiaceae — Pontederieae — Pontederia
Genus Pontederia Water hyacinth N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Mart.

1823. Pontederia crassipes Mart.
1837. Piaropus crassipes  (Mart.) Raf.
1837. Piaropus mesomelas  Raf.
1843. Eichhornia speciosa  Kunth (i)
1883. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms
1883. Eichornia crassipes  (Mart.) Solms (i)
1893. Piaropus crassipes  (Mart.) Britton
2021. Oshuna crassipes  (Mart.) A.Haines
Common water hyacinth Introduced from
 South America,
Highly invasive,
Impersistent,
NA, G5

OBL
 
NYFA: X
NYFA: 3 counties
7 counties

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Tribe Heteranthereae

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Heteranthera
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Heteranthera dubia
The genus Heteranthera contains aquatic plants known as mud plantains, two of which are native to New York.
Commelinales — Pontederiaceae — Heteranthereae — Heteranthera
Genus Heteranthera Mud plantain N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Jacq.) MacMill.

1768. Commelina dubia  Jacq.
1892. Heteranthera dubia  (Jacq.) MacMill.
1894. Heteranthera dubia  (Jacq.) Morong isonym
1913. Zosterella dubia  (Jacq.) Small
Water star-grass,
Grassleaf mudplantain,
Grass-leaved mud-plantain
Hétéranthère litigieuse,
Hétéranthère douteuse
Native, CoC: 5,
Secure,
S5, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA:

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Ruiz & Pav.

1798. Heteranthera reniformis  Ruiz & Pav.
1799. Heterandra reniformis  (Ruiz & Pav.) P.Beauv.
Mud-plantain,
Kidneyleaf mudplantain,
Kidney-leaved mud-plantain
Native, CoC: 7,
Rare,
S3, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
  Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, Suffolk, Ulster
NYFA: 3

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Order Zingiberales

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Family Cannaceae

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The Cannaceae (family) contains the single genus Canna.[1]
  1. Cannaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Canna

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Canna × generalis

Zingiberales — Cannaceae — Canna
Genus Canna Canna lily N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.H.Bailey (pro sp.)

Canna glauca ×
Canna indica

1923. Canna × generalis  L.H.Bailey
1923. Canna × orchiodes  L.H.Bailey
 auct. Canna × hortensis  non Guillaumin (1934)
Canna-lily,
Canna lily,
Common garden canna
Balisier
Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized,
Cultivated,
SNA, GNA

FACW-OBL
  Oneida (1965)
NYFA: Xm

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Order Ceratophyllales

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The Ceratophyllales contains a single family.

Family Ceratophyllaceae

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The Ceratophyllaceae contains a single genus.

Ceratophyllum

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Ceratophyllum demersum
The genus Ceratophyllum (coontails or hornworts) contains only about a half-dozen species, of which, two are listed as native to New York.
Ceratophyllales — Ceratophyllaceae — Ceratophyllum
Genus Ceratophyllum Hornwort N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.

1753. Ceratophyllum demersum  L.
1794. Dichotophyllum demersum  (L.) Moench
1829. Ceratophyllum apiculatum  Cham.
1860. Ceratophyllum demersum  var. apiculatum  (Cham.) Asch.
Common coontail
Coon's tail
Common hornwort
Coontail
Common hornweed
Coontail hornwort
Rigid hornweed

Cornifle nageante
Native, CoC: 4,
Secure,
S5, G5

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 5

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 A.Gray

1848. Ceratophyllum echinatum  A.Gray
1856. Ceratophyllum demersum  var. echinatum  (A.Gray) A.Gray
1985. Ceratophyllum submersum  var. echinatum  (A.Gray) Wilmot-Dear
Spiny-fruited coontail
Prickly coontail
Prickly hornwort
Spineless hornwort

Cornifle échinée
Native, CoC: 4,
Vulnerable,
S4, G4?

OBL

Perennial,
Herb-forb
 
NYFA: 3

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