Flora of New York/Brassicales

← Malvales	Flora of New York — Brassicales				→ Santalales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Brassicales introduction

The order Brassicales ...

Order	Family	Subfamily	Supertribe (Lineage)	Tribe	Genus	Common Names	T
Brassicales	Tropaeolaceae	—	—	—	Tropaeolum	nasturtium	1
	Limnanthaceae	—	—	—	Floerkea	false mermaid-weed	1
	Resedaceae	—	—	Resedeae	Reseda	mignonette, dyer's rocket	4
	Cleomaceae	—	—	—	Cleomella (≥ Peritoma)	Rocky Mountain beeplant	1
					Polanisia	clammyweed	2
					Tarenaya	spiderflower	2
					Gynandropsis	cat’s-whiskers	1
	Brassicaceae	Aethionemoideae	—	Aethionemeae	Aethionema	stonecress	0
		Brassicoideae	Camelinodae (I)	Cardamineae	Cardamine subg. Dentaria	toothwort	3
					Cardamine subg. Cardamine	bittercress	9
					Armoracia	horse radish	1
					Barbarea	yellow rocket	3
					Nasturtium	water cress	3
					Rorippa	yellow cress)	7
				Lepidieae	Lepidium	pepper weed	12
				Descurainieae	Descurainia	tansy mustard	3
				Boechereae	Borodinia	rock-cress	4
				Boechereae	Boechera	rock-cress	2
				Erysimeae	Erysimum	wall flower	5
				Malcolmieae	Malcolmia	Virginia stock	1?
				Arabidopsideae	Arabidopsis	rock cress	2
				Camelineae	Camelina	false flax	2
					Capsella	shepherd's purse	1
					Neslia	ball mustard	1
					Turritis	tower cress)	1
			Brassicodae (II)	Brassiceae	Cakile	sea rocket	3
					Brassica	mustard	4
					Mutarda	mustard	2
					Sinapis	mustard	1
					Coincya	star mustard	1
					Diplotaxis	wall rocket	3
					Eruca	rocket salad	2
					Erucastrum	dog mustard	1
					Raphanus	radish	2
					Rapistrum	bastard cabbage	1
				Conringieae	Conringia	hare's-ear-mustard	1
				Isatideae	Isatis	dyer’s woad	1
				Sisymbrieae	Sisymbrium	tumble-mustard	5
				Thlaspideae	Alliaria	garlic mustard	1
					Mummenhoffia	pennycress	1
					Thlaspi	pennycress	1
				Coluteocarpeae	Noccaea (Microthlaspi)	pennycress	1
			Hesperodae (III)	Buniadeae	Bunias	warty cabbage	1
			Hesperodae (III)	Hesperideae	Hesperis	dame's rocket	1
			Arabodae (IV)	Arabideae	Arabis	rockcress	4
					Draba	whitlow grass	3
					Tomostima	whitlow grass	1
				Alysseae	Lunaria	honesty	1
					Alyssum	madwort	1
					Odontarrhena	wall alyssum	1
					Aurinia	goldentuft	2
					Berteroa	false madwort	1
					Lobularia	sweet alyssum	1
			Heliophilodae (V)	Iberideae	Iberis	candytuft	3
				Iberideae	Teesdalia	shepherd's cress	1
				Subularieae	Subularia	awl wort	1

Family Tropaeolaceae

The Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family) contains the single genus Tropaeolum, which in New York is represented by the cultivated ornamental commonly known as nasturtium. Note that this is not the same as the genus Nasturtium, commonly known as watercress, in the family Brassicaceae below.^[1]

↑ NYFA Tropaeolaceae family page (1 taxon only)

Tropaeolum

Tropaeolum majus
nasturtium

Brassicales — Tropaeolaceae — Tropaeolum
Genus Tropaeolum	Nasturtium	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tropaeolum majus L. 1753. Tropaeolum majus L.	Nasturtium	Introduced, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Family Limnanthaceae

The Limnanthaceae (meadowfoam family) ^[1]

↑ NYFA Limnanthaceae family page (1 taxon only)

Floerkea

Floerkea proserpinacoides

Brassicales — Limnanthaceae — Floerkea
Genus Floerkea	Floerkea	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. 1801. Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. 1814. Nectris pinnata Pursh 1830. Cabomba pinnata (Pursh) Schult.& Schult.f. 1900. Floerkea occidentalis Rydb.	False mermaidweed, False mermaid-weed, False mermaid	Native, CoC: 6, Secure FACW-FAC Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies

Family Resedaceae

The Resedaceae (mignonette family) contains up to a dozen genera worldwide, but only Reseda is listed in New York State.^[1]

↑ Resedaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Tribe Resedeae

Reseda

Reseda lutea

The genus Reseda Tourn. ex L. (Mignonette), with about 65 species worldwide, is native to parts of Eurasia and Africa. Four of these species have been introduced to North America, where they can be weedy. All four of the these Reseda species have been collected in New York, but only Reseda lutea is known to naturalize in the state.

Brassicales — Resedaceae — Resedeae — Reseda
Genus Reseda Tourn. (1753)	Mignonette	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Reseda lutea L. ssp. lutea 1753. Reseda lutea L. in Sp. Pl.:449 1768. Reseda vulgaris Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°1 1768. Reseda crispa Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°2 1768. Reseda phiteuma Neck. in Delic. Gallo-Belg.:210, not validly publ. 1789. Reseda undulata Gaterau in Desc. Pl. Montauban:87, not validly publ. 1809. Reseda ramosissima Pourr. ex Willd. in Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.:499 1821. Reseda lutea var. crispa (Mill.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:666 (1822) 1827. Reseda mucronata Tineo in Cat. Pl. Hort. Panorm.:280 1827. Reseda mucronulata Tineo in Cat. Pl. Hort. Panorm.:280	Yellow mignonette Yellow upright mignonette Cut-leaf mignonette Cutleaf mignonette Wild mignonette Réséda jaune Mignonnette jaune Réséda à fleurs jaunes Réséda sauvage	Introduced from Canary Islands, Medit. to, central Asia, Arabian Peninsula, southern Africa, Naturalized, 2n = 48		NYFA: 15 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: Present in NY	USDA-XW POWO FSUS Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Reseda alba L. ssp. alba 1753. Reseda alba L. in Sp. Pl.:449 1759. Reseda fruticulosa L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2:1046 1762. Reseda suffruticulosa L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.:645, nom. superfl. 1794. Reseda ochracea Moench in Methodus:58 1838. Eresda alba (L.) Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 7:102	White mignonette White upright mignonette	Introduced from Medit. to Iran & Eritrea, Not naturalized		NYFA: 4 counties iNat: Bronx (?)	USDA-XW POWO Images Wikispecies
Reseda luteola L.	Dyer's rocket, Dyer's weed, Dyer's weld, Weld	Introduced, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Reseda odorata L.	Garden mignonette	Introduced, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Family Cleomaceae

Plants of the World Online (POWO) accepts only the genera Cleome and Cleomella in the spiderflower family (Cleomaceae).^[1]

Saunders et al. (2024), in a comprehensive phylogenetic study of Cleomaceae, confirmed Cleomella as sister to the ten other principal clades of the family.^[2]

Cleomella

Cleomella serrulata

Brassicales — Cleomaceae — Cleomoideae — Cleomella
Genus Cleomella	Spiderflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cleomella serrulata (Pursh) Roalson & J.C.Hall 1813. Cleome serrulata Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:441 1824. Peritoma serrulata (Pursh) DC. in Prodr. 1:237 1838. Cleome integrifolia (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1:122 1838. Pericla imbricata Raf. in Sylva Tellur.:112 1838. Atalanta serrulata (Pursh) Raf. in Sylva Tellur.:113 1895. Cleome integrifolia var. angusta M.E.Jones in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1896. Cleome serrulata fo. albiflora Cockerell in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1900. Peritoma inornata Greene in Pittonia 4:210 1901. Cleome inornata (Greene) Greene in Pittonia 4:16 1925. Cleome serrulata ssp. angusta (M.E.Jones) Tidestr. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 25:248 2015. Cleomella serrulata (Pursh) Roalson & J.C.Hall in Phytotaxa 205:140	Rocky Mountain beeplant Bee spider-flower Stinking bee-plant Guaco	Introduced from western North America, N. America native, Impersistent Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 34, 60		NYFA: Albany (1950) iNat: Cultivated GBIF: Not in NY	USDA-NN COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Polanisia

Polanisia dodecandra

Plants of the World Online (POWO) has lumped the genus Polanisia into the genus Cleome,^[1] but it seems most regional floras have not followed suit.

↑ Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). Polanisia Raf. Plants of the World Online (POWO) (23 Jan 2025)

Brassicales — Cleomaceae — Cleomoideae — Polanisia
Genus Polanisia	Clammyweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. dodecandra 1763. Cleome dodecandra L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.:939 1768. Cleome lusitanica Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°3 1789. Micambe violacea Medik. in Philos. Bot. 1:43 1794. Sinapistrum decandrum Moench in Methodus:250 1802. Sinapistrum violaceum Moench in Suppl. Meth.:83 1819. Cleome graveolens Raf. in J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89:98 1824. Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. in Prodr. 1: 242 1829. Cleome epilobioides Jan ex Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes 1838. Lagansa alba Raf. in Sylva Tellur.:110 1892. Jacksonia dodecandra (L.) MacMill. in Metasp. Minnesota Valley: 270	Common clammy-weed Redwhisker clammyweed Red-whisker clammy-weed Stinking clammyweed Polanisie à douze étamines sous-espèce à douze étamines	Native, CoC: 6, Secure?, SNR, G5 UPL-FACU Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 20		NYFA: 29 counties iNat: 13 counties GBIF: Present in NY	USDA-NN COL FSUS Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & A. Gray) Iltis 1840. Polanisia trachysperma Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1:669 1891. Jacksonia trachysperma (Torr. & A.Gray) Greene in Pittonia 2: 175 1936. Cleome trachysperma (Torr. & A.Gray) Pax & K.Hoffm. in H.G.A.Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1958. Polanisia dodecandra var. trachysperma (Torr. & A.Gray) Iltis in Brittonia 10: 44 1966. Polanisia dodecandra ssp. trachysperma (Torr. & A.Gray) Iltis in Rhodora 68:47	Western clammyweed Rough-seeded clammyweed Sandy-seed clammyweed Polanisie à graines rugueuses	Introduced from Great Plains, Western states, N. America native, Not naturalized UPL-FACU Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 20		NYFA: Dutchess (1992) iNat: Saratoga, Ulster GBIF: 4 counties	USDA-NN POWO FSUS VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies

Gynandropsis

Cleome gynandra

Brassicales — Cleomaceae — Cleomoideae — Gynandropsis
Genus Gynandropsis	Spiderflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. 1753. Cleome gynandra L. in Sp. Pl.:671 1759. Cleome pentaphylla L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.:938 1789. Sinapistrum pentaphyllum Medik. in Philos. Bot. 1:108 1790. Pedicellaria pentaphylla (L.) Schrank in Bot. Mag. (Römer & Usteri) 3(8):11 1824. Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.) DC. in Prodr. 1:238 1914. Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. in Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17:382 1932. Pedicellaria gynandra (L.) Chiov. in Fl. Somala 2:5	African spider-flower, Spiderwisp, Cat’s-whiskers	Introduced from Africa & Asia, Impersistent		NYFA: Richmond (1908) iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Richmond, New York	USDA-XX POWO ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Tarenaya

Tarenaya hassleriana

The species name Tarenaya hassleriana appears to be in dispute.

Brassicales — Cleomaceae — Cleomoideae — Tarenaya
Genus Tarenaya	Spiderflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis 1851. Cleome houtteana Schltdl. in Linnaea 24:669 1874. Cleome sesquiorygalis Naudin ex C.Huber in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46:458,467 1898. Cleome hassleriana Chodat in Bull. Herb. Boissier 6(App.1):2 2007. Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis in Novon 17:450 2011. Tarenaya hassleriana var. parviflora Verloove & Lambinon in New J. Bot. 1:41 2022. Tarenaya houtteana (Schltdl.) Soares Neto & Roalson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.	Spider-flower Pink queen Giant spider-flower Spiderplant	Introduced from South America, Naturalized		NYFA: 8 counties iNat: 25 counties GBIF: Present in NY	USDA-XX COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. 1760. Cleome spinosa Jacq. in Enum. Syst. Pl.:26 1763. Cleome heptaphylla L. in Sp. Pl., ed. 2.:987 1768. Cleome erucago Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°6 1791. Cleome spinosa Sw. in Observ. Bot.:252, nom. illeg. 1838. Tarenaya spinosa (Jacq.) Raf. in Sylva Tellur.:111 1933. Neocleome spinosa (Jacq.) Small in Man. S.E. Fl.:577	Spiny spiderflower	Introduced from South America, N.Y. excluded FACU, 2n = 20		NYFA-Excluded iNat: New York (cult.) GBIF: Richmond, Ulster	USDA-X0 COL POWO FSUS ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies

Family Brassicaceae

The Brassicaceae (mustard family) contains about 44 genera in New York, including more than 100 taxa. Of these, only about 30 percent are native to New York.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

↑ New York Flora Atlas: Brassicaceae family page
↑ The order in which Brassicaceae tribes are listed here is based primarily on Beilstein, Al-Shehbaz, Mathews & Kellogg (2008) Brassicaceae phylogeny inferred from phytochrome A and ndhF sequence data: tribes and trichomes revisited. American Journal of Botany Oct. 2008 95(10): 1307-1327 (particularly fig. 3, p. 1316)
↑ The order is also based on Bailey, Koch, Mayer, Mummenhoff, O’Kane, Warwick, Windham & Al-Shehbaz (2006) Toward a Global Phylogeny of the Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press: Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution Aug. 2006 23(11): 2142–216 2142-2160
↑ Subfamilial and supertibal classification can be found at German DA, Hendriks KP, Koch MA, Lens F, Lysak MA, Bailey CD, Mummenhoff K, Al-Shehbaz IA (2023) An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). PhytoKeys 220: 127-144.
↑ Kasper P. Hendriks et al. (2023) Global Brassicaceae phylogeny based on filtering of 1,000-gene dataset. Current Biology. Vol. 33, Issue 9, October 2023, Pages 4052-4068.e6

Subfamily Aethionemoideae

Tribe Aethionemeae

The tribe Aethionemeae contains the stonecresses of the genera Aethionema (with about 79 species) and Moriera (with the single species Moriera spinosa).

Aethionema

Aethionema saxatile

The genus Aethionema contains about 70 species, native to south-central Europe, Mediterranean, central Asia and Pakistan. None of the Aethionema species are native to the western hemisphere, but a number of them are cultivated in North America, especially for rock gardens.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Aethionemoideae — Aethionemeae — Aethionema
Genus Aethionema	Stonecress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NPT
Aethionema W.T.Aiton	Stonecress	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not naturalized			Images Wikispecies

Subfamily Brassicoideae

The Brassicoideae can be divided into supertribes as follows:^[1]

The numbering of the supertribes as listed here corresponds roughly to lineages published in Nikolov et al. (2019).^[2]

Lin.	Supertribe	Tribes
I	Camelinodae	Alyssopsideae, Arabidopsideae, Boechereae, Camelineae, Cardamineae, Crucihimalayeae, Descurainieae, Erysimeae, Halimolobeae, Hemilophieae, Lepidieae, Malcolmieae, Microlepidieae, Oreophytoneae, Physarieae, Smelowskieae, Turritideae, Yinshanieae
II	Brassicodae	Aphragmeae, Brassiceae, Calepineae, Coluteocarpeae, Conringieae, Fourraeeae, Isatideae, Kernereae, Plagiolobeae, Schrenkielleae, Sisymbrieae, Thelypodieae, Thlaspideae
III	Hesperodae	Anchonieae, Buniadeae, Chorisporeae, Dontostemoneae, Euclidieae, Hesperideae, Shehbazieae
IV	Arabodae	Arabideae, Alysseae, Asperuginoideae, Stevenieae
V	Heliophilodae	Anastaticeae, Asteae, Biscutelleae, Chamireae, Cremolobeae, Eudemeae, Heliophileae, Hillielleae, Iberideae, Megacarpaeeae, Notothlaspideae, Schizopetaleae, Subularieae

Supertribe Camelinodae

Supertribe Camelinodae D.A.German, Hendriks, M.Koch, F.Lens, Lysak, C.D.Bailey, Mumm. & Al-Shehbaz (2023).^[1]

↑ German et al. (2023) An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). PhytoKeys 220: 127-144.

Tribe Cardamineae

The tribe Cardamineae contains the genera: Armoracia, Barbarea, Cardamine, Iodanthus, Leavenworthia, Nasturtium, Planodes, Rorippa, Selenia, and Subularia.^[1]

↑ German et al. (2023) An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). PhytoKeys 220: 127-144.

Cardamine

C. concatenata	C. diphylla	C. maxima	C. parviflora	C. pensylvanica	C. pratensis	C. rotundifolia	C. douglassii

The genus Cardamine has, in the past, been segregated into the two species:

Cardamine (bittercress) and
Dentaria (toothwort).

Here they are treated as subgenera.

Cardamine subg. Dentaria

Dentaria diphylla

Cardamine subgenus Dentaria contains the toothworts.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Cardamineae — Cardamine subg. Dentaria
Genus Cardamine subg. Dentaria	Toothwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) O. Schwarz 1800. Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex Willd. 1803. Dentaria concatenata Michx. 1870. Cardamine laciniata Alph.Wood 1939. Cardamine concatenata O. Schwarz	Cut-leaved toothwort, Five-part toothwort, Slender toothwort, Cut-leaf toothcup Dentaire laciniée, Cardamine découpée	Native, Secure		NYFA: 41 counties iNat: ~50 counties	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph.Wood 1803. Dentaria diphylla Michx. 1812. Dentaria bifolia Stokes 1870. Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph.Wood 1903. Dentaria incisa Small 1904. Cardamine incisa (Small) K.Schum.	Two-leaved toothwort, Broadleaf toothwort, Crinkleroot Dentaire à deux feuilles, Snicroûte, Carcajou	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Alph.Wood 1818. Dentaria maxima Nutt. 1870. Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Alph.Wood 1903. Dentaria anomala Eames 1904. Cardamine anomala (Eames) K.Schum.	Large toothwort, Three-leaved toothwort Dentaire géante, Cardamine géante	Native, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cardamine concatenata × diphylla Cardamine concatenata × Cardamine diphylla	Hybrid of cut-leaved toothwort & two-leaved toothwort	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Cardamine concatenata × maxima Cardamine concatenata × Cardamine maxima	Hybrid of cut-leaved toothwort & large toothwort	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Cardamine diphylla × maxima Cardamine diphylla × Cardamine maxima	Hybrid of two-leaved toothwort & large toothwort	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies

Cardamine subg. Cardamine

Cardamine pensylvanica

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Cardamineae — Cardamine subg. Cardamine
Genus Cardamine subg. Cardamine	Bittercress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. 1800. Cardamine pensylvanica Willd. 1902. Cardamine multifolia Rydb. 1903. Cardamine flexuosa ssp. pensylvanica O.E.Schulz 1915. Dracamine pensylvanica Nieuwl. 1917. Cardamine longii Fernald 1945. Cardamine hirsuta var. pensylvanica Graff	Pennsylvania bitter-cress, Quaker bittercress Cardamine de Pennsylvanie	Native, CoC: 4, Secure, S5 FACW-OBL Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. 1793. Arabis bulbosa Schreb. ex Muhl 1806. Arabis rhomboidea Pers. 1821. C. rhomboidea (Pers.) DC. 1888. C. bulbosa Britton et al.	Bulbous bitter-cress, Bulb bittercress, Spring cress Cardamine bulbeuse	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5 OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cardamine pratensis L. 1753. Cardamine pratensis L. 1829. C. pratensisvar. palustris 1846. Cardamine palustris Peterm. 1915. Dracamine pratensis (L.) Nieuwl.	Cuckooflower, Cuckoo flower, Pink cuckoo bitter-cress	Native, CoC: 7, Secure, S5, G5		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola	Small-flowered bitter-cress, Sand bittercress	Native, CoC: 7, Likely secure, S4 FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN VASCAN Images Wikispecies
Cardamine douglassii Britton 1818. Thlaspi tuberosum Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2:65 1822. Arabis rhomboidea var. purpurea Torr. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts 4:66 1843. Cardamine rhomboidea var. purpurea (Torr.) Torr. in Fl. New York 1:56 1889. Cardamine douglassii Britton in Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 9:8 1896. Dentaria douglassii (Britton) Greene in Pittonia 3:124 1903. Cardamine rhomboidea fo. purpurea (Torr.) O.E.Schulz in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32:424 1925. Cardamine douglassii fo. albidula Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9:261	Purple cress Purple spring cress Pink spring cress Limestone bittercress	Native, CoC: 7, Threatened, S4, G5 FACW Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n=56,64,96,112,144		NYFA: 20 counties iNat: 12 counties	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Cardamine rotundifolia Michx. Dentaria rotundifolia	Mountain watercress, Round-leaved water-cress	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-N0 Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Cardamine hirsuta L. 1753. Cardamine hirsuta L.	Hairy bittercress, Hairy cress, Hoary bittercress Cardamine hérissée, Cardamine hispide, Cardamine hirsute	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Invasive, CP-3^[2]		NYFA: X NYFA: 16 counties ? counties	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cardamine occulta Hornem. 1796. Cardamine flexuosa With. 1819. Cardamine occulta Hornem. 1825. Cardamine debilis D.Don 1886. Cardamine hirsuta ssp. flexuosa Forbes & Hemsl. 1945. Cardamine konaensis H.St.John	Asian wavy bitter cress Nursery Bittercress	Introduced from Asia (2n=64)^[3], Invasive		NYFA: X NYFA: 7 counties 8 counties	USDA-XX Go Botany ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cardamine impatiens L. 1753. Cardamine impatiens L. 1903. C. impatiensvar. angustifolia	Narrowleaf bittercress, Touch-me-not bittercress, Bushy rock-cress Cardamine impatiente	Introduced from Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 76%^[4], Prohibited^[5]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Cardamine rotundifolia. Endangered, S1/G4. ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Flora of North America (based on Lihová et al. 2006) states that the tetraploid European and octaploid Asian populations of Cardamine flexuosa should be treated as two distinct species. Both taxa are found in similar habitats. It is not known which these (or whether both of these) taxa have naturalized in New York. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cardamine impatiens: Highly invasive (76). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Rorippa

Rorippa palustris

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Cardamineae — Rorippa
Genus Rorippa	Yellowcress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. palustris 1753. Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre L. 1769. Nasturtium palustre (L.) DC. 1794. Radicula palustris (L.) Moench 1821. Ro. palustris (L.) Besser 1940. Ro. islandica var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe 1968. Ro. palustris ssp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell 1972. Ro. palustris var. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Stuckey auct. Ro. islandica	Marsh yellow-cress ⓘ Bog yellow-cress ⓘ Fernald's yellow-cress Rorippa palustris	Native, CoC: 3, Likely secure, 2n = 32		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell 1815. Brachiolobos hispidus Desv. in J.Bot.Agric. 3:183 1821. Nasturtium hispidum (Desv.) DC. in Syst.Nat. 2:201 1837. Nasturtium palustre var. hispidum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. in Index Seminum 1856. Nasturtium palustre var. hispidum (Desv.) A.Gray in Manual, ed. 2:30 nom. illeg. 1891. Cardamine palustris var. hispida (Desv.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Kuntze in Revis.GP 1894. Rorippa hispida (Desv.) Britton in Mem.Torrey Bot.Club 5:169 1894. Rorippa palustris var. hispida (Desv.) Rydb. in Bot.Surv.Nebraska 3:26 1894. Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida (Desv.) Rydb. in Bot.Surv.Nebraska 3:26 1895. Nasturtium terrestre var. hispidum (Desv.) S.Watson in A.Gray, Syn.Fl.N.Amer. 1911. Rorippa terrestris var. hispida (Desv.) A.Nelson in Bot. Gaz. 52: 264 1912. Radicula hispida A.Heller in Muhlenbergia 7:123 1915. Nasturtium hispidum fo. tetrapoma N.Busch in Fl.Sibir.Orient.Extremi 1940. Rorippa islandica var. hispida (Desv.) Butters & Abbe in Rhodora 42:26 1948. Rorippa islandica fo. reptabunda Fernald in Rhodora 50:35 1967. Rorippa islandica fo. tetrapoma (N.Busch) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad. 94:647 1968. Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell in Symb.Bot.Upsal. 19(2):159 1972. Rorippa palustris var. reptabunda (Fernald) Stuckey in Sida 4:371	Hispid yellow-cress	Native, CoC: 10, Likely secure		NYFA: 4	USDA-NN COL WFO POWO Go Botany FNA FNA Images Wikispecies
Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) Palmer & Steyerm. 1822. Cochlearia armoracia var. aquatica Eaton Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene 1935. Rorippa aquatica in…	Lake water cress ⓘ	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, S2, G4?, NYNHP: 2^[1] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies
Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser 1762. Nasturtium austriacum Crantz 1764. Myagrum austriacum Jacq. 1807. Camelina austriaca Pers. 1822. Rorip(p)a austriaca Besser 1841. Cochlearia austriaca Ledeb. 1866. Brachylobus austriacus Schur	Austrian yellowcress, Austrian yellow-cress, Austrian field cress, Austrian fieldgrass	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern 1763. Sisymbrium indicum L. 1821. Nasturtium indicum DC. 1832. Sinapis patens Roxb. 1861. Nasturtium montanum Wall. 1896. Rorippa indica Hiern	Indian yellow-cress, Variableleaf yellowcress, Variable-leaved yellow-cress	Introduced from Asia, Impersistent		Bronx (1949), Broome (2008) NYFA: Xm	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser 1753. Sisymbrium sylvestre L. 1763. Radicula sylvestris Druce 1785. Brachiolobos sylvestris All. 1812. Nasturtium sylvestre W.T.Aiton 1821. Rorip(p)a sylvestris Besser	Creeping yellowcress, Creeping yellow-cress, Creeping fieldcress	Introduced from Eurasia		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Rorippa × prostrata (Bergeret) Shinz & Thell. Rorippa amphibia × Rorippa sylvestris	Prostrate yellow cress ⓘ	Introduced, Unk. naturalization		NYFA: U	Images Wikispecies
Rorippa islandica (Oeder ex Murray) Borbás 1768. Sisymbrium islandicum Oeder 1900. R. islandica (Oeder) Borbas	Northern marsh yellowcress ⓘ Marsh cress ⓘ Northern yellowcress ⓘ Yellow watercress ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser 1753. Sisymbrium amphibium L. 1812. Nasturtium amphibium (L.) W.T.Aiton 1821. R. amphibia (L.) Besser	Great yellow-cress ⓘ Great yellowcress ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2021. Online Conservation Guide for Rorippa aquatica. acc. July 19, 2021.

Armoracia

Armoracia rusticana

Of the three accepted Armoracia species, all of which are native to Eurasia, only Armoracia rusticana (horseradish) is known to naturalize in North America. According to Go Botany, horseradish "can be very invasive, and even small root fragments can generate new plants."^[1]

↑ Native Plant Trust (Go Botany) 2025

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Cardamineae — Armoracia
Genus Armoracia	Armoracia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Armoracia rusticana G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. 1753. Cochlearia armoracia L. in Sp. Pl.:648 1764. Raphanus rusticanus Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.:t.488, opus utique rej. 1779. Cochlearia rusticana Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:471, nom. superfl. 1794. Raphanis magna Moench in Methodus:267 1800. Armoracia rusticana G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. in Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2:426 1835. Nasturtium armoracia (L.) Fr. in Fl. Scan.:65 1847. Rorippa rusticana (G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) Gren. & Godr. in Fl. France, nom. superfl. 1891. Cardamine armoracia (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:26 1894. Rorippa armoracia (L.) Hitchc. in Key Spring Fl. Manhattan:18 1902. Crucifera armoracia (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6:54 1908. Radicula armoracia (L.) B.L.Rob. in Rhodora 10:32 1911. Armoracia armoracia (L.) Cockerell ex Daniels in Univ. Missouri Stud., not validly publ 2018. Cochlearia rusticana (G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) Y.Z.Zhao in Collect. Works, nom. illeg.	Horseradish, Mérédic, Raifort cran	Introduced from eastern Europe, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [1], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 24 counties iNat: 14 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Barbarea

Barbarea vulgaris

Yellow-rocket or wintercress (particularly Barbarea vulgaris) is common in disturbed fields.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Cardamineae — Barbarea
Genus Barbarea	Yellowrocket	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Barbarea vulgaris (L.) W.T.Aiton	Yellow rocket, Wintercress, Garden yellow-rocket	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [2], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized FAC-FACU Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X iNat GBIF	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.	Early yellowrocket, Early wintercress, Winter Belle Isle	Introduced Biennial-Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X iNat	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Barbarea stricta Andrz. 1821. Barbarea stricta Andrz. Campe stricta (Andrz.) W. Wight ex Piper	Upright winter cress ⓘ Small-flowered winter cress ⓘ	Introduced, Naturalized, SNA		Wayne (1936) NYFA: X	FNA Images Wikispecies

Nasturtium

Nasturtium officinale

Note that the genus Nasturtium does not contain the cultivated ornamental plants commonly known as nasturtium, which are in the Tropaeolum genus above.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Cardamineae — Nasturtium
Genus Nasturtium	Watercress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton 1753. Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. in Sp. Pl.:657 1764. Nasturtium aquaticum Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.:t.403, opus utique rej. 1769. Nasturtium alexandrinum Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:79 1782. Sisymbrium cardaminefolium Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2:70, opus utique oppr. 1784. Sisymbrium nasturtium Thunb. in Fl. Jap.:260 1779. Cardamine fontana Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:499, nom. superfl. 1794. Cardaminum nasturtium Moench in Methodus:262 1812. Nasturtium officinale R.Br. in Aiton, W.T. Hortus Kew. 4:110 1812. Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton in Hortus Kew. 4:110 1892. Rorippa nasturtium Beck in Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2:463 1905. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek in Sched. Fl.Stiriac. 3-4:22 1982. Rorippa officinalis (W.T.Aiton) P.Royen in Alpine Fl.New Guinea 3:2029	Watercress Water cress	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 66%^[1]		NYFA: 36 counties iNat: 32 counties GBIF: ~30 counities	USDA-XX COL POWO ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Nasturtium microphyllum Bönn ex Reichenb. 1824. Nasturtium officinale var. microphyllum Boenn. in Prodr.Fl.Monast.Westphal. 1832. Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn. ex Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 683 1882. Dictyosperma olgae Regel in Izv.Imp.Obshch.Lyubit.Estestv.Moskovsk.Univ. 1891. Pirea olgae (Regel) T.Durand ex Prantl in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl 1913. Nasturtium officinale fo. microphyllum (Boenn.) Bolzon in Nuovo Giorn.Bot.Ital. 1946. Nasturtium uniseriatum H.W.Howard & Manton in Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 1948. Rorippa microphylla (Boenn.) Hyl. in Rep.Univ.Inst.Appl.Sci., Reykjavik 1974. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum ssp. microphylla (Boenn.) O.Bolòs & Vigo in Butl.	One-rowed yellowcress	Introduced, Highly invasive, NYS Tier 2		NYFA: 6 counties	USDA-XX POWO ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Nasturtium × sterile (Airy Shaw) Oefel. Nasturtium microphyllum × Nasturtium officinale	Sterile water cress	Introduced, No specimens		NYFA: Columbia (1933)	USDA-XN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Nasturtium officinale: Moderate (66).

Tribe Lepidieae

Lepidium

Lepidium virginicum

Out of the dozen Lepidium (pepperweed) species known to grow in the wild in New York, only Lepidium virginicum is considered to be native. Of the Lepidium virginicum subspecies, ssp. menziesii is restricted to western North America, but ssp. virginicum has a wider native range that includes New York State.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Lepidieae — Lepidium
Genus Lepidium	Pepperweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lepidium virginicum L. ssp. virginicum 1753. Lepidium virginicum L. in Sp. Pl.:645 1788. Clypeola caroliniana Walter in Fl. Carol.:178 1802. Thlaspi virginicum (L.) Cav. in Descr. Pl.:413 1818. Dileptium virginicum (L.) Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2:267 1836. Iberis virginica (L.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey. in Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1862. Nasturtiastrum virginicum (L.) Gillet & Magne in Nouv. Fl. Franç.: 39 1891. Nasturtium virginicum (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 937 1902. Crucifera virginica (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild.	Poor-man's pepper, Virginia pepperweed, Wild peppergrass	Native, CoC: 0, Secure, S5 FACU Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 31 counties iNat: 25 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-NX POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. 1832. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. in Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1899. Lepidium ramosum A.Nelson in Bull.Torrey Bot.Club 26:125 1900. Lepidium pubicarpum A.Nelson in Bot. Gaz. 30:189 1902. Lepidium elongatum Rydb. in Bull.Torrey Bot.Club 29:234 1904. Lepidium densiflorum var. pubicarpum Thell. in Bull.Herb.Bois:705 1904. Lepidium densiflorum var. elongatum (Rydb.) Thell. in Bull.Herb.Bois:706 1904. Lepidium densiflorum var. pubicaule Thell. in Bull.Herb.Bois:706 1904. Lepidium densiflorum var. ramosum (A.Nelson) Thell. in Bull.Herb.Bois:706 1904. Lepidium densiflorum var. retrohispidum Thell. in Bull.Herb.Bois:706 1904. Lepidium densiflorum var. typicum Thell. in Bull.Herb.Bois:706, invalid 1904. Lepidium neglectum Thell. in Bull.Herb.Bois:708 1936. Lepidium densiflorum ssp. neglectum (Thell.) P.Fourn. in Quatre Fl.France 1961. Lepidium densiflorum var. macrocarpum G.A.Mulligan in Madroño 16: 86	Prairie pepperweed, Common pepperweed, Prairie peppergrass, Greenflower pepperweed, Miner's pepperwort	Introduced from western North America, N. America native, Naturalized, SNA FACU-FAC Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 25 counties iNat: 13 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-MM POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Images Wikispecies
Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T.Aiton 1812. Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T.Aiton	Field cress, Field pepperweed, Field peppergrass, Cow-cress	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, SNA Biennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 16		NYFA: 46 counties	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Images Wikispecies
Lepidium didymum L. 1767. Lepidium didymum L. 1800. Coronopus didymus (L.) Small 1806. Senebiera didyma (L.) Pers. 1913. Carara didyma (L.) Britton	Lesser swinecress Lesser swine's cress	Introduced from South America, Naturalized		NYFA: 10 counties iNat: 12 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Lepidium draba L. 1753. Lepidium draba L. 1815. Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.	Heart-podded hoary-cress, Whitetop	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: 7 counties iNat: Erie, Onondaga GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Lepidium nitidum Nutt. 1838. Lepidium nitidum Nutt. 1838. Lepidium leiocarpum Hook. & Arn. 1891. Lepidium oreganum Howell ex Greene 1891. Nasturtium nitidum Kuntze 1892. Lepidium tenuifolium Phil.	Shining pepperweed, Tongue pepper-weed	Introduced from Washington, Oregon, California, Baja Norte, Not naturalized		NYFA: Tompkins (1932)	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Lepidium perfoliatum L. 1753. Lepidium perfoliatum L. in Sp. Pl.:643 1803. Thlaspi heterophyllum Cav. in Elench. Pl. Horti Matr.:37 1821. Nasturtium perfoliatum (L.) Besser in Enum. Pl. Volh.:26 1821. Alyssum heterophyllum Ruiz & Pav. ex DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:542, pro syn. 1902. Crucifera diversifolia E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl.Fl.Abbild.	Clasping pepperweed Perfoliate pepperweed	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized, SNA FACU-UPL Annual or biennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 16		NYFA: 8 counties iNat: No NY observations	USDA-XX POWO FNA Images Wikispecies
Lepidium ruderale L. 1753. Lepidium ruderale L. in Sp. Pl.:645 1762. Iberis ruderalis (L.) Crantz in Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 1:21 1771. Nasturtium ruderale (L.) Scop. in Fl.Carniol., ed. 2, 2:13 1785. Thlaspi ruderale (L.) All. in Fl.Pedem. 1:250 1792. Nasturtioides inconspicuum Medik. in Pfl.-Gatt.:81 1800. Senckenbergia ruderalis (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. in Oekon.Fl.Wett. 1862. Nasturtiastrum ruderale (L.) Gillet & Magne in Nouv. Fl.Franç. 1902. Crucifera ruderalis (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl.Abbild.	Roadside pepperweed Narrow-leaved pepperwort	Introduced, Naturalized Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 8 counties iNat: Rockland (2019)	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Lepidium sativum L.	Gardencress pepperweed, Garden pepper-grass Cresson alénois	Introduced from Eurasia, Africa		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Lepidium latifolium L. (1753) Cardaria latifolia	Broad-leaved pepper-grass, Perennial pepperweed, Tall pepperweed	Introduced from Eurasia, Highly invasive, NYIS: 79%^[1]		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz 1753. Cochlearia coronopus L. 1775. Lepidium squamatum Forssk. 1803. Senebiera coronopus (L.) Cav. 1806. Senebiera coronopus (L.) Poir. 1860. Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch. 2004. Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz	Greater swinecress ⓘ Creeping wart cress ⓘ	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Lepidium chalepense L. 1753. Lepidium chalepense L.	Lens-podded pepperweed ⓘ Lens-podded hoary cress ⓘ	Introduced, Unknown naturalization, SNA		NYFA: 1 county iNat: 1 county NYFA: X iNat	Images Wikispecies
Lepidium ramosissimum var. bourgeauanum	Bourgeau's pepperweed	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN Images Wikispecies
Lepidium heterophyllum Benth.	Purpleanther field pepperweed	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
↑ Broad-leaved Pepper-grass in New York Invasive Species (IS) Information. June 6, 2024

Tribe Descurainieae

Descurainia

Descurainia pinnata

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Descurainieae — Descurainia
Genus Descurainia	Tansy mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. brachycarpa (Richardson) Detling 1878. Sisymbrium canescens var. brachycarpon (Richardson) S.Watson in Bibl. N.Amer.Bot. 1891. Hesperis brachycarpa Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:934 1900. Sophia intermedia Rydb. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1:184 1901. Sophia brachycarpon (Richardson) Rydb. in N.L.Britton, Man.Fl.N.States 1901. Sophia pinnata var. brachycarpon (Richardson) Farw. in Rep. Michigan Acad.Sci. 1924. Descurainia brachycarpon (Richardson) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr., IV 1939. Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpon (Richardson) Detling in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1940. Descurainia pinnata var. brachycarpon (Richardson) F.C.Gates in Trans.Kansas Acad.	Northern tansy-mustard Western tansymustard Moutarde tanaisie	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, S1, G5-T5, NYNHP: S1 ^[1]		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN COL POWO FSUS ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton ssp. pinnata 1788. Erysimum pinnatum Walter in Fl. Carol.:174 1813. Cardamine multifida Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:440 1894. Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5:173 1897. Sophia pinnata (Walter) Howell in Fl. N.W. Amer.:56	Western tansymustard, Western tansy-mustard	Introduced, N. America native, No specimens		NYFA-Excluded	Images Wikispecies
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl	Herb Sophia Flaxweed Tansymustard	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: 16 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: NYC area	Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2025. Online Conservation Guide for Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpa. Accessed February 10, 2025.

Tribe Boechereae

In 2003, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz recognized most of the North American species of Arabis as belonging to the genus Boechera.^[1]

↑ Al-Shehbaz, I.A., 2003. Transfer of most North American species of Arabis to Boechera (Brassicaceae). Novon 13(4): 381-391.

Borodinia

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Boechereae — Borodinia
Genus Borodinia N.Busch (1921)	Rock-cress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Borodinia canadensis (L.) P.J.Alexander & Windham 1753. Arabis canadensis L. in Sp. Pl.:665 1803. Arabis falcata Michx. in Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:31 1813. Turritis ovata Pursh in Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:438 1817. Arabis mollis Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2:43, nom. illeg. 1817. Arabis ovata (Pursh) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 5:557 1817. Turritis lyrata Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1:44 1891. Erysimum canadense (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:28 1915. Turritis canadensis (L.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:39 2003. Boechera canadensis (L.) Al-Shehbaz in Novon 13:384 2013. Borodinia canadensis (L.) P.J.Alexander & Windham in Syst. Bot. 38:203	Sicklepod, Sicklepod rockcress, Canada rockcress Arabette du Canada	Native, CoC: 7, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Borodinia laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) P.J.Alexander & Windham 1800. Turritis laevigata Muhl. ex Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4.3:543 1811. Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 1818. Arabis hastata Eaton in Man. Bot., ed. 2:141 1821. Arabis lyrifolia DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:244 1838. Arabis heterophylla Nutt. in J.Torrey & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:81 1838. Arabis laevigata var. laciniata Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1:82 1870. Arabis laevigata var. minor Porter ex Alph.Wood in Amer. Bot. Fl.:37 1917. Arabis laevigata var. heterophylla (Nutt.) Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 1939. Arabis viridis var. heterophylla (Nutt.) Farw. in Rhodora 41:80 2003. Boechera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz in Novon 13:386 2013. Borodinia laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) P.J.Alexander & Windham in Syst. Bot. 38:203	Smooth rock-cress	Native, CoC: 7, Secure		NYFA: 32 counties	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Borodinia missouriensis (Greene) P.J.Alexander & Windham 1908. Arabis missouriensis Greene 1911. Arabis viridis Harger 1964. Arabis laevigatavar. missouriensis 2003. Boechera missouriensis (Greene) Al-Shehbaz 2013. Borodinia missouriensis (Greene) P.J.Alexander & Windham	Green rockcress, Missouri rock-cress	Native, Threatened		NYFA: 2	USDA- Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies
Borodinia dentata (Raf.) P.J.Alexander & Windham 1840. Shortia dentata Raf. 1937. Arabis dentatavar. phalacrocarpa 1952. Arabis shortii (Fernald) Gleason 2003. Boechera shortii (Fernald) Al-Shehbaz 2008. Boechera dentata (Raf.) Al-Shehbaz & Zarucchi 2013. Borodinia dentata (Raf.) P.J.Alexander & Windham	Toothed rock-cress	Native, Endangered, No recent reports		NYFA: Z	USDA-NN FNA Images Wikispecies

Boechera

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Boechereae — Boechera
Genus Boechera A.Löve & D.Löve	Rock-cress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz 1829. Turritis stricta Graham in Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1829:350, nom. illeg. 1864. Arabis drummondii A.Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6:187 1891. Erysimum drummondii (A.Gray) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:933 1900. Arabis albertina Greene in Pittonia 4:196 1900. Arabis connexa Greene in Pittonia 4:197 1918. Turritis drummondii Lunell in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5:236 1975. Boechera drummondii (A. Gray) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Bot. Not. 128:513 2001. Boechera angustifolia (Nutt.) Dorn in Vasc. Pl. Wyoming, ed. 3:375 2003. Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz in Novon 13: 389, nom. superfl.	Drummond's rock cress, Canada rockcress, Straight-up suncress Arabette de Drummond	Native, CoC: 9, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[1]		NYFA: 2	Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Boechera grahamii (Lehm.) Windham & Al-Shehbaz B. collinsii × B. stricta 1831. Turritis grahamii Lehm. in Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1831:7 1894. Arabis brachycarpa (Torr.& A.Gray) Britton in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5:174, nom. illeg. 2001. Boechera brachycarpa (Torr.& A.Gray) Dorn in Vasc. Pl. Wyoming, ed. 3:375 2007. Boechera grahamii Lehm. Windham & Al-Shehbaz in Harvard Pap. Bot. 12:241	Graham's rock cress, Spreadingpod rock-cress, Graham's suncress Arabette de Graham	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[2]		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Boechera divaricarpa (A.Nelson) Á. Löve & D. Löve B. retrofracta × B. sparsiflora × B. stricta 1900. Arabis divaricarpa A.Nelson 1917. Arabis stokesiae Rydb. 1975. B. divaricarpa (A.Nelson) Á.Löve & D.Löve	Spreading-pod rockcress ⓘ Arabette à fruits divariqués ⓘ	N. America native western U.S., N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	VASCAN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Boechera quebecensis B. holboellii × B. stricta	Quebec rockcress ⓘ Limestone rockcress ⓘ Arabette du Québec ⓘ	N. America native Quebec, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	FNA Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Boechera stricta. Threatened, S2/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Boechera grahamii. Threatened, S2/G5.

Tribe Erysimeae

Erysimum

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Erysimeae — Erysimum
Genus Erysimum	Wallflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erysimum inconspicuum (S.Watson) MacMill. var. inconspicuum Cheirinia inconspicua (S.Watson) Britton Erysimum parviflorum Nutt.	Small-flowered wall-flower ⓘ Shy wallflower ⓘ Small worm-seed mustard	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm GBIF	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Erysimum cheiranthoides L.	Wormseed mustard, Wormseed wallflower, Treacle mustard	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX? Images Wikispecies
Erysimum hieraciifolium L.	Tall wall-flower ⓘ Wormseed mustard ⓘ European wallflower ⓘ Tall rocket ⓘ Tall wormseed ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
Erysimum repandum L. Erysimum repandum L. Cheirinia repanda (L.) Link	Spreading wallflower	Introduced from Eurasia, Unk. naturalization		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. 1821. E. asperum (Nutt.) DC.	Prairie wall-flower ⓘ Western wallflower ⓘ	Introduced from western N. America, central N. America, N. America native, Not naturalized		NYFA: Xm GBIF	USDA-NN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
Genus Erysimum (excluded taxa)	Wallflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene 1829. Cheiranthus capitatus Douglas ex Hook. 1891. E. capitatum (Douglas ex Hook.) Greene	Sanddune wallflower	N. America native western N. America, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded GBIF	USDA-N0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Erysimum perofskianum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. 1838. E. perofskianum Fisch. & C. A. Mey.	Afghan erysimum ⓘ	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded GBIF	USDA-X0 Images Wikispecies

Tribe Arabidopsideae

Arabidopsis, previously included in tribe Camelineae has been moved to its own tribe (Arabidopsideae) in supertribe Camelinodae.

Arabidopsis

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Arabidopsideae — Arabidopsis
Genus Arabidopsis Heynh.	Rockcress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. lyrata 1753. Arabis lyrata L. 1753. Cardamine petraea L. 1950. Cardaminopsis lyrata (L.) Hiitonen 1997. Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz	Lyrate rockcress, Lyreleaf rockcress, Lyre-leaved rockcress Arabette lyrée	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. kamchatica (Fisch. ex DC.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz 1821. Arabis lyrata ssp. kamchatica Fisch. ex DC. 1997. Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. kamchatica (Fisch. ex DC.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz	Lyrate rockcress ⓘ	N. America native western N. Am. northeast Asia, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-NN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1753. Arabis thaliana L.	Mouseear cress, Wall-cress	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Tribe Camelineae

Turritis

Turritis glabra

The genus Turritis contains only two or three species worldwide. One of those (Turritis glabra) is found in much of the northern hemisphere, including New York.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Camelineae — Turritis
Genus Turritis	Towercress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Turritis glabra L. 1753. Turritis glabra L. 1800. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. 1868. Psilarabis glabra (L.) Fourr. 1891. Erysimum glabrum (L.) Kuntze 1902. Crucifera turritis E.H.L.Krause	Tower mustard ⓘ Tower rockcress ⓘ	Native, CoC: 2, Secure, S5 Biennial (rarely perennial), Herb-forb		NYFA: 5 iNat	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies

Camelina

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Camelineae — Camelina
Genus Camelina	False-flax	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. C. microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. C. sativassp. microcarpa	Littlepod false flax, Little-podded false flax	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. sativa Myagrum sativum L. Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Camelina parodii	Dutch flax, Gold-of-pleasure	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Images Wikispecies

Capsella

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Camelineae — Capsella
Genus Capsella	Capsella	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.	Shepherd's purse	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Neslia

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Camelineae — Neslia
Genus Neslia	Neslia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. 1753. Myagrum paniculatum L. 1814. N. paniculata (L.) Desv.	Ball mustard ⓘ Ballmustard ⓘ Common ball-mustard	Introduced from Belgium, Unk. naturalization		NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Tribe Malcolmieae

Malcolmia

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Camelinodae — Malcolmieae — Malcolmia
Genus Malcolmia (excluded taxa)	Malcolmia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Malcolmia maritima (L.) W.T.Aiton 1759. Cheiranthus maritimus L. 1778. Hesperis maritima (L.) Lam. 1812. M. maritima (L.) W.T.Aiton 1895. Wilckia maritima (L.) Halácsy	Virginia stock Virginia-stock Giroflée de Mahon Julienne de Mahon Malcolmie maritime	Introduced from southeast Europe, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded iNat: Dutchess (2024) GBIF: Not in NY	USDA-X0 ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Supertribe Brassicodae

Tribe Brassiceae

The Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae contains about 13 genera found in North America: Brassica, Cakile, Carrichtera, Coincya, Crambe, Diplotaxis, Eruca, Erucastrum, Hirschfeldia, Orychophragmus, Raphanus, Rapistrum, and Sinapis.^[1] The 9 genera known to be present in New York are shown in bold text.

↑ Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz (2020). "Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae" in Flora of North America. Vol. 7.

Cakile

Cakile edentula

The genus Cakile contains the only New York native in the tribe Brassiceae. The species Cakile edentula is native to coastal New York, with American sea rocket (Cakile edentula var. edentula) primarily on Atlantic coastal beaches and lake sea rocket (Cakile edentula var. lacustris) on Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. European sea-rocket has also been found near New York City beaches.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Cakile
Genus Cakile	Sea rocket	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. var. edentula 1814. Bunias edentula Bigelow in Fl. Boston., ed. 3:267 1818. Cakile americana Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2:62 1826. Cakile maritima var. americana (Nutt.) Torr. in Comp. Fl. N. Middle Stat.:246 1830. Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. in Fl. Bor.-Amer., Bot. N. Brit. Amer. 1903. Cakile lanceolata ssp. edentula (Bigelow) O.E.Schulz in I.Urban, Symb. Antill. 1903. Cakile lanceolata var. edentula (Bigelow) O.E.Schulz in I.Urban, Symb. Antill. 1907. Cakile californica A.Heller in Muhlenbergia 3:10 1945. Cakile edentula ssp. californica (A.Heller) Hultén in Acta Univ. Lund. 1965. Cakile aegyptia var. edentula (Jord.) Maire & Weiller	American sea rocket, Sea rocket, Sea kale Caquillier édentulé	Native, Secure		NYFA: 5	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hook. var. lacustris Fernald 1922. Cakile edentulavar. lacustris 1945. Cakile edentulassp. lacustris 1964. Cakile lacustris (Fernald) Pobed.	Great lakes searocket Caquillier des Grands Lacs	Native, Vulnerable		NYFA: 3?	USDA-NN Go Botany FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Cakile maritima Scop. ssp. maritima 1753. Bunias cakile L. 1772. Cakile maritima Scop. 1812. Cakile pinnatifida Stokes 1821. Rapistrum maritimum (Scop.) Bergeret ex DC. 1882. Cakile cakile (L.) H. Karst.	European sea-rocket	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not naturalized		Bronx (1923-1926), Kings (1865), Nassau (2001), New York (1948) NYFA: X	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Brassica

Brassica nigra

The genus Brassica contains the majority of the cruciferous vegetable species

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Brassica
Genus Brassica	Mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Mutarda nigra (n = 8) × Brassica rapa (n = 10) 1753. Sinapis juncea L. in Sp. Pl.:668 1769. Raphanus junceus (L.) Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:110 1859. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. in Conspect. Pl. Charc.:8 1860. Brassica integrifolia (H.West) Rupr. in Fl. Ingrica:96 1865. Brassica japonica (Thunb.) Siebold ex Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2:74 1842. Brassica willdenovii Boiss. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17:88 1887. Brassica arvensis var. juncea (L.) Kuntze in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1902. Crucifera juncea (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6:133 1908. Brassica juncea ssp. eujuncea Thell. in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Br., not validly publ. 2004. Sinabraca juncea (L.) G.H.Loos in Florist. Rundbr., Beih. 7:131	Chinese mustard Mustard greens Brown mustard Indian mustard India mustard Leaf mustard Moutarde d'Inde Moutarde brune	Introduced, Potentially invasive, Naturalized, SNA UPL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 15 counties iNat: Albany, New York GBIF: present	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Brassica rapa L. 1753. Brassica rapa L. in Sp. Pl.:666 1753. Brassica campestris L. in Sp. Pl.:666 1755. Brassica chinensis L. in Cent. Pl. I:19 1769. Raphanus rapa (L.) Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:113 1782. Brassica lutea Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2:62, opus utique oppr. 1790. Sinapis pekinensis Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.:409 1804. Sinapis rapa Brot. in Fl. Lusit. 1:586 1809. Sinapis campestris Besser in Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 2:88 1829. Napus rapa (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.L.Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 941 1854. Brassica campestris var. rapa (L.) C.Hartm. in C.J.Hartman, Handb. Skand. Fl. 1860. Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. in Fl. Ingrica:96 1881. Brassica sativa Clavaud in Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35:292, nom. superfl.	Field mustard Turnip Chinese cabbage Wild turnip	Introduced, Naturalized, SNA UPL Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Brassica napus L. 1753. Brassica napus L. 1768. Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill. 1833. Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.	Rapeseed ⓘ Rutabaga ⓘ Rape ⓘ Oilseed rape ⓘ Swedish turnip ⓘ Canola ⓘ Colza ⓘ	Introduced, Unknown naturalization, SNA Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Brassica oleracea L. 1753. Brassica oleracea L. 1753. Brassica oleracea var. capitata 1768. Brassica sylvestris Mill. 1821. Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC. 1829. Napus oleracea in… 1841. Brassica maritima Tardent 1902. Crucifera brassica E.H.L. Krause 1922. Brassica alboglabra L.H. Bailey	Cabbage ⓘ Kale ⓘ Collards ⓘ Broccoli ⓘ Cauliflower ⓘ Kohlrabi ⓘ Wild cabbage ⓘ Chou potager ⓘ Chou ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, Not naturalized, SNA, GNR		Cattaraugus, Nassau (1897), Otsego (1969), Tompkins (1918) NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Mutarda

Mutarda arvensis

The genus Mutarda was first published by German botanist Johann Jakob Bernhardi in Systematisches Verzeichnis der Pflanzen 197 (1800). Sinapis nigra was placed in Mutarda and designated as its type species, Mutarda nigra.^[1]

↑ D. A. German (2022) "Critical notes on Cruciferae." Turczaninowia 25, 2: 55–61 (2022) DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.25.2.4 http://turczaninowia.asu.ru

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Mutarda
Genus Mutarda	Mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mutarda nigra (L.) Bernh. 1753. Sinapis nigra L. in Sp. Pl.:668 1769. Raphanus sinapis-officinalis Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 109 1800. Mutarda nigra (L.) Bernh. in Syst. Verz. Erf.:197 1806. Sinapis torulosa Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 207 1806. Sinapis turgida Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 207 1812. Sinapis nigra var. torulosa (Pers.) Mérat in Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 264 1812. Sinapis nigra var. turgida (Pers.) Mérat in Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 264 1829. Melanosinapis communis Spenn. in Fl. Friburg. 3:945, nom. superfl. 1833. Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3,4:713 1884. Sisymbrium nigrum (L.) Prantl in Exkurs.-Fl. Bayern:222 1902. Crucifera sinapis (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6: 131 1908. Melanosinapis nigra (L.) Calest. in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 15:384 2021. Rhamphospermum nigrum (L.) Al-Shehbaz in Harvard Pap. Bot. 26:3	Black mustard, Shortpod mustard, Moutarde noire	Introduced, Eurasia native, N. Africa native		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Images Wikispecies
Mutarda arvensis (L.) D.A.German 1753. Sinapis arvensis L. in Sp. Pl.: 668 1769. Raphanus arvensis (L.) Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:109 1821. Sinapis kaber DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:617 1822. Rhamphospermum arvense (L.) Besser in Enum. Pl. Volh.: 83,104 1838. Sinapistrum arvense (L.) Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 6:345 1839. Brassica arvensis (L.) Rabenh. in Fl. Lusat. 1:184, nom. illeg. 1868. Agrosinapis arvensis (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16:329 1878. Brassica barbareifolia Ball in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16:828 1902. Crucifera sinapistra E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 1938. Brassica kaber (DC.) Wheeler in Rhodora 40:306 2022. Mutarda arvensis (L.) D.A.German in Turczaninowia 25(2):56	Charlock, Charlock mustard, Corn mustard, Wild mustard	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Sinapis

Sinapis alba

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Sinapis
Genus Sinapis	Mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sinapis alba L. Sinapis alba L. Brassica alba Rabenh., non L. Brassica hirta Moench	White mustard	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Coincya

Coincya monensis

Coincya monensis is now spreading from Pennsylvania into southern New York. ^[1] ^[2]

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Coincya
Genus Coincya	Star-mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Coincya monensis (L.) Greuter & Burdet ssp. cheiranthos C.Aedo Pérez, Leadlay & Muñoz Garm. 1779. Brassica cheiranthos Vill. 1785. Sinapis recurvata All. 1804. Brassica pseudoerucastrum Brot. 1843. Brassica cheiranthos var. cheiranthos (Vill.) Bab. 1957. Rhynchosinapis cheiranthos (Vill.) Dandy 1959. R. pseudoerucastrum (Brot.) Franco 1977. Hutera cheiranthos (Vill.) Gómez-Campo 1983. Coincya coincyoides (Humbert & Maire) Greuter & Burdet 1990. Coincya monensis var. recurvata (All.) Leadlay 1990. Coincya monensis ssp. recurvata (All.) Leadlay 1993. Coincya monensis ssp. cheiranthos (Vill.) C.Aedo Pérez, Leadlay & Muñoz Garm.	Star-mustard Tall wallflower-cabbage Wallflower-cabbage Coincya ⓘ Isle of Man cabbage ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: 3 counties iNat GBIF ? counties	USDA-X0 WFO POWO ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Diplotaxis

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Diplotaxis
Genus Diplotaxis	Wall rocket	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC	Annual wallrocket, Sand-rocket, Wall-rocket	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC	Perennial wallrocket	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Images Wikispecies
Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC.	White wallrocket	Introduced, Impersistent, Not naturalized		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XW Images Wikispecies

Eruca

Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Eruca
Genus Eruca	Rocket salad	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. ssp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. 1753. Brassica eruca L. in Sp. Pl.:667 1768. Eruca sativa Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.:n.°1 1769. Raphanus eruca (L.) Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:111 1794. Eruca foetida Moench in Methodus:256 1802. Eruca grandiflora Cav. in Descr. Pl.:426 1805. Sinapis eruca (L.) Vest in Man. Bot.:586 1806. Brassica turgida Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2:207 1898. Eruca eruca (L.) Asch. & Graebn. in Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl., not validly publ. 1912. Eruca vesicaria var. sativa (Mill.) Thell. in Fl. Adv. Montpellier:260 1918. Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur.4:201 2018. Brassica sativa (Mill.) Y.Z.Zhao in Collect. Works, nom. illeg.	Arugula Rocketsalad Rocket-salad	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent, Not naturalized		NYFA: 4 counties	USDA-XX ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. ssp. vesicaria 1753. Brassica vesicaria L. 1803. Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.	Rocket ⓘ	Introduced from Europe, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded	USDA-00 ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies

Erucastrum

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Brassicinae subg. Erucastrum
Genus Erucastrum	Dog mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	n NPT
Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O.E.Schulz Sisymbrium gallicum Willd. Erucastrum pollichii	Common dogmustard, French rocket, Moutarde des chiens	Introduced, Naturalized Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Raphanus

Raphanus raphanistrum

The genus Raphanus contains the radish species, including the cultivated garden radish and wild radishes.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Raphanus
Genus Raphanus	Radish	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Raphanus raphanistrum L. ssp. raphanistrum	Wild radish	Introduced, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies
Raphanus sativus L. R. raphanistrum var. sativus	Cultivated radish	Introduced, Unknown naturalization		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Rapistrum

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Brassiceae — Rapistrum
Genus Rapistrum	Bastard cabbage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. Myagrum rugosum L.	Bastard-cabbage, Annual bastard cabbage, Grenade	Introduced, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-Xw Images Wikispecies

Tribe Conringieae

The tribe Conringieae D. German & Al-Shehbaz in Harvard Pap. Bot. 13: 159. 2008. contains the genera:

Conringia Heist. ex Fabr.
Zuvanda (F. Dvořák) Askerova

Conringia

Conringia orientalis

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Conringieae — Conringia
Genus Conringia	Hare's-ear mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Conringia orientalis (L.) C. Presl 1753. Brassica orientalis 1766. Erysimum brassica 1769. Erysimum orientale 1769. Erysimum perfoliatum 1771. Erysimum campestre 1772. Brassica turrita 1779. Brassica perfoliata 1794. Erysimum glaucum 1803. Cheiranthus orientalis 1819. Gorinkia orientalis 1821. Brassica agrestis 1821. Conringia orientalis 1821. Cakile perfoliata 1822. Conringia perfoliata 1826. Conringia 1827. Conringia orientalis 1876. Sisymbrium tetragonum 1884. Arabis orientalis 1902. Crucifera conringia 1930. Caulanthus annuus* L. in Sp. Pl.:666* Crantz in Inst. Rei Herb. 2:101 (L.) Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:116, nom. illeg. Crantz in Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2:27 Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2:27 Weigel in Observ. Bot.:32, nom. illeg. (Crantz) Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:487, nom. illeg. Moench in Methodus:255 (L.) Cav. in Elench. Pl. Horti Matr.:9 (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl in Fl. Čech.:141 Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1:116 Andrz. ex DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:508, nom. inval. L'Hér. ex DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:575 (Crantz) Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2:172 orientalis (L.) C. Presl in Fl. Sicul. 1:79 (L.) Dumort. in Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 123 nom. illeg. Trautv. in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk.Bot.Sada (L.) Prantl in Exkurs.-Fl. Bayern:227 E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. M.E.Jones in Contr. W. Bot. 17:25	Hare's-ear-mustard Rabit's-ear-mustard Treacle mustard Slinkweed Vélar d'Orient Conringia oriental	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb, 2n = 14		NYFA: 11 counties iNat: no NY observations GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies

Tribe Isatideae

Isatis

Isatis tinctoria

The genus Isatis (woad)

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Isatideae — Isatis
Genus Isatis	Woad	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Isatis tinctoria L. ssp. tinctoria 1753. Isatis tinctoria L. in Sp. Pl.:670 1779. Isatis alpina Vill. in Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné:38 1782. Isatis glauca Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2:66, opus utique oppr. 1902. Crucifera isatis E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6:165	Dyer’s woad, Pastel des teinturiers	Introduced from southeastern Europe, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm	USDA-XW POWO ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies

Tribe Sisymbrieae

Sisymbrium

Sisymbrium officinale

Hedgemustard

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Sisymbrieae — Sisymbrium
Genus Sisymbrium	Hedgemustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sisymbrium altissimum L. 1753. Sisymbrium altissimum L.	Tall tumble-mustard, Tall rocket	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [3], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized		NYFA: X GBIF	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. 1753. Erysimum officinale L. 1772. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.	Common hedge mustard ⓘ Common hedge-mustard ⓘ Hedge mustard ⓘ Hairy-pod hedge mustard ⓘ Hairy-pod hedge-mustard ⓘ Hairy-podded hedgemustard ⓘ Sisymbre officinal	Introduced from Euraasia native, northern Africa, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [4], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized, SNA, GNR Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X iNat GBIF	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Sisymbrium loeselii L. 1755. Sisymbrium loeselii L. 1891. Hesperis loeselii (L.) Kuntze 1902. Crucifera loeselii (L.) E.H.L.Krause	Small tumbleweed mustard, False London rocket, Tall hedgemustard, Loesel's tumble mustard	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [5], USGS: L48 invasive, Naturalized, Herb-forb		NYFA: Xm NYFA: 5 counties GBIF Putnam (2019)	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sisymbrium orientale L. (1753) Brassica kaber var. orientalis	Indian hedgemustard, Eastern rocket	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent		NYFA: X NYFA: Tompkins (1932) No observations	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies
Sisymbrium irio L. (1753) Norta irio (L.) Britton	London rocket, Rocketmustard	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Impersistent		NYFA: Xm NYFA: New York (1880) No observations	USDA-XX Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS Images Wikispecies

Tribe Thlaspideae

Alliaria

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Thlaspideae — Thlaspideae — Alliaria
Genus Alliaria	Alliaria	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande 1753. Erysimum alliaria L. 1772. Sisymbrium alliaria Scop. 1808. Arabis petiolata M.Bieb. 1819. Alliaria officinalis Andrz. ex M.Bieb. 1913. Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande	Garlic mustard, Hedge garlic Alliaire officinale, Alliaire	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 84%^[1], Prohibited^[2], CP-2^[3] NE-1^[4] FACU Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Alliaria petiolata: Very high (84). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Proposed Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Appendix 2. Plant species that are considered highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018) ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Thlaspi

Thlaspi arvense

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Thlaspideae — Thlaspideae — Thlaspi
Genus Thlaspi	Pennycress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Thlaspi arvense L. 1753. Thlaspi arvense L.	Field penny-cress, Fanweed	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, SNA UPL Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany Images Wikispecies

Mummenhoffia

Mummenhoffia alliacea

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Thlaspideae — Thlaspideae — Mummenhoffia
Genus Mummenhoffia	Pennycress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Mummenhoffia alliacea (L.) Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz 1753. Thlaspi alliaceum L. in Sp. Pl.: 641 1786. Clypeola alliacea (L.) Lam. in 1821. Myagrum sativum Aubry ex DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:378, not validly publ. 1892. Thlaspi oliveri Engl. in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 223 1902. Crucifera thlaspoides E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 2018. Mummenhoffia alliacea (L.) Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz in Taxon 67:334	Garlic pennycress Roadside pennycress	Introduced from Europe, Turkey, Potentially invasive, iMapInvasives, Invasive.org: [6], Not listed in NY Flora Atlas, SNA, GNR, Herb-forb, 2n = 14		NYFA: No counties iNat: 8 counties GBIF: present in NY	COL POWO FSUS FNA Images Wikispecies

Tribe Coluteocarpeae

The tribe Coluteocarpeae contains genera Noccaea, Noccaeopsis, and Noccidium. By far the largest of these, Noccaea has also been separarated into smaller genera, including Microthlaspi.^[1]

↑ Tahir Ali et al. (2016), Morphology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of Microthlaspi (Brassicaceae: Coluteocarpeae) and related genera. Taxon, 65: 79-98.

Noccaea

Noccaea perfoliata

The only species of Noccaea found in New York is Noccaea perfoliata, alternately listed by several sources as Microthlaspi perfoliatum.^[1]

↑ Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K.Mey.; Feddes Repert. 84(5-6): 453 (1973) in World Plants (13 Feb, 2025)

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Brassicodae — Coluteocarpeae — Noccaea
Genus Noccaea Moench	Pennycress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Noccaea perfoliata (L.) Al-Shehbaz 1753. Thlaspi perfoliatum L. in Sp. Pl.:641 1854. Thlaspi inornatum Schott in Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4:145 1856. Thlaspi micranthum Boiss. & C.I.Blanche in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1857. Thlaspi revellieri Boreau in Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2:60 1862. Thlaspi neglectum Crép. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique, sér. 2, 14:87 1864. Thlaspi improperum Jord. in Diagn. Esp. Nouv.:250 1864. Thlaspi posteriflorum Jord. in Diagn. Esp. Nouv.:250 1864. Thlaspi martiale Jord. in Diagn. Esp. Nouv.:251 1868. Pterotropis impropera (Jord.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16:337 1868. Pterotropis martialis (Jord.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16:337 1875. Thlaspi pratulorum Gand. in Fl. Lyon.: 50 () 1877. Thlaspi tineanum A.Huet ex Ball in J.Linn.Soc., Bot. 16:33, not validly publ. 1901. Thlaspidium cordatum Bubani in Fl. Pyren. 3:214 1902. Crucifera perfoliata (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 1973. Thlaspi finitimum Dvořáková in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8:150 1973. Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K.Mey. in Feddes Repert. 84:453 1993. Kandis perfoliata (L.) Kerguélen in Coll. Patrim. Nat. 8:xiv 2014. Noccaea perfoliata (L.) Al-Shehbaz in Harvard Pap. Bot. 19:44	Perfoliate penny-cress Claspleaf pennycress Clasping-leaved pennycress Thoroughwort pennycress Tabouret perfolié	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Naturalized, SNA, GNR		NYFA: Ontario (1903) iNat: 3 counties GBIF: 3 counties	USDA-XX COL WFO POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies

Supertribe Hesperodae

The supertribe Hesperodae (Brassicoideae lineage III)

Tribe Buniadeae

Bunias

Bunias orientalis

The genus Bunias contains only about three species worldwide. All are eastern-hemisphere natives, with only two that have been introduced to North America. Of these, only Bunias orientalis (Turkish rocket) has been known to naturalize in New York State.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Hesperodae — Buniadeae — Bunias
Genus Bunias	Warty cabbage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Bunias orientalis L. 1753. Bunias orientalis L. in Sp. Pl.:670 1785. Myagrum taraxacifolium Lam. in Encycl. 1:570 1786. Rapistrum glandulosum Bergeret in Phytonom. Univ. 3:163 1809. Bunias winterli Schult. in Observ. Bot.:121 1813. Bunias perennis Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2:2 1815. Laelia orientalis (L.) Desv. in J. Bot. Agric. 3: 160 1821. Laelia orientalis var. winterli (Schult.) DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:672 1902. Crucifera laelia E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6:142	Turkish rocket Turkish warty-cabbage Hill mustard Bunias d'Orient	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized, Potentially invasive, SNA, GNR Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 14		NYFA: 3 counties iNat: Tompkins GBIF: Bronx (1899-1929)	USDA-XX COL POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA FNA Tropicos BONAP CABI Images Wikispecies

Tribe Hesperideae

Hesperis

Hesperis matronalis L.
Dame's rocket

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Hesperodae — Hesperideae — Hesperis
Genus Hesperis	Rocket	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hesperis matronalis L.	Dame's rocket, Sweet rocket, Dame's violet, Damask violet, Mother-of-the-evening Julienne des dames, Arragone	Introduced, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 57%^[1], CP-3^[2] FACU Biennial, perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hesperis matronalis: Moderate (57). ↑ Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

Supertribe Arabodae

Supertribe Arabodae D.A.German, Hendriks, M.Koch, F.Lens, Lysak, C.D.Bailey, Mumm. & Al-Shehbaz (2023) contains tribes Arabideae, Alysseae.

Tribe Arabideae

The tribe Arabideae contains the genera: Abdra, Acirostrum, Arabis, Arcyosperma, Athysanus, Aubrieta, Baimashania, Botschantzevia, Draba, Pachyneurum, Pseudodraba, Scapiarabis, Schivereckia, Sinoarabis, and Tomostima.

Arabis

Arabis pycnocarpa

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Arabideae — Arabis
Genus Arabis	Rockcress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arabis pycnocarpa M.Hopkins var. pycnocarpa 1937. Arabis pycnocarpa M.Hopkins 1937. Arabis pycnocarpa var. reducta M.Hopkins 1937. Arabis pycnocarpa var. typica M.Hopkins 1941. Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa Rollins 1945. Arabis hirsuta ssp. pycnocarpa Hultén 1951. Arabis hirsuta var. minshallii B.Boivin	Creamflower rockcress, Cream-flowered rockcress, Hairy rock-cress, Hairy eared-rockcress	Native, CoC: 9, Likely secure Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 5? iNat	USDA-NN Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Arabis adpressipilis (M.Hopkins) Al-Shehbaz 1937. Arabis pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis M.Hopkins in Rhodora 39:117 1941. Arabis hirsuta var. adpressipilis Rollins in Rhodora 43:319 2017. Arabis adpressipilis (M.Hopkins) Al-Shehbaz in Harvard Pap. Bot. 22:141	Slender rock-cress, Southern hairy rock-cress, Creamflower rockcress	Native, CoC: 10, No recent reports, NYNHP: SH^[1]		NYFA: NU NYFA: Tomkins (1875) iNat: No NY obs. No NY observations	Go Botany VASCAN ITIS FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Arabis caucasica Willd. 1800. Arabis alpina Georgi (nom. illeg.) 1814. Arabis caucasica Willd. 1913. Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica Briq.	Garden rockcress ⓘ Garden Arabis ⓘ Gray rockcress ⓘ Arabette du Caucase ⓘ Corbeille d'argent ⓘ	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Unknown naturalization Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X NYFA: Niagara, Herkimer Niagara	USDA-NN VASCAN ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Images Wikispecies
Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. 1753. Turritis hirsuta L. in Sp. Pl.: 666 1769. Erysimum hirsutum (L.) Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:64 1769. Erysimum hirtum Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.:117 1771. Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2:30 1829. Arabis hirsuta ssp. sessilifolia Gaudin in Fl. Helv. 4:313, not validly publ. 1875. Arabis contracta ssp. hirsuta (L.) Čelak. in Prodr. Fl. Böhmen:453 1901. Turrita hirsuta Bubani in Fl. Pyren. 3:155 1902. Crucifera contracta E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6:98	Hairy rockcress	N. America native, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded iNat: No NY RG obs. GBIF: 3 counties	USDA-NM ARS-GRIN FNA Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. New York Rare Plant Status Lists December 2022: Arabis adpressipilis Slender Rock Cress G5T4 SH E

Draba

Various Draba species are known as whitlow-grass or whitlow-mustard because they were thought to a cure for the "whitlow," which is an inflammation of fingernail, toenail, or hoof areas.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Arabideae — Draba
Genus Draba	Whitlow grass, whitlow mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Draba arabisans Michx. 1803. Draba arabisans Michx. 1807. D. arabis Pers. (i) 1835. D. incanavar. glabriuscula 1888. D. incanavar. arabisans 1953. D. arabisansvar. superiorensis	Rock whitlow-grass, Rock whitlow-mustard, Rock draba	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[1] Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 2	USDA-NN Go Botany ITIS Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Draba glabella Pursh 1813. Draba glabella Pursh 1821. Draba daurica DC. 1865. Draba canadensis Brunet 1905. D. arabisansvar. canadensis 1905. Draba pycnosperma Fernald & C.H. Knowlt.	Smooth whitlow-grass, Smooth whitlow-mustard, Smooth rock-cress, Smooth draba	Native, CoC: 10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2] Perennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 1	USDA-NN Go Botany ARS-GRIN Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
Draba verna L.	Spring whitlow-grass, Spring whitlow-mustard, Spring draba	Introduced, Naturalized Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: X	USDA-XW Go Botany BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Draba arabisans. Threatened, S2/G3. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Draba glabella. Endangered, S1/G5.

Tomostima

Tomostima reptans

The genus Tomostima contains six species, all restricted to the western hemsiphere. Tomostima reptans and Tomostima cuneifolia are native to North America. Of these, only Tomostima cuneifolia (Carolina whitlow-grass) is considered native to New York State.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Arabideae — Tomostima
Genus Tomostima	Whitlow grass, whitlow mustard	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tomostima reptans (Lam.) Al-Shehbaz, M.Koch & Jordon-Thaden 1783. Arabis reptans Lam. 1788. Draba caroliniana Walter 1817. Arabis rotundifolia Raf. 1838. Draba micrantha Nutt. 1916. Tomostima micrantha (Nutt.) Lunell 1934. Draba reptans (Lam.) Fernald 2012. Tomostima reptans (Lam.) Al-Shehbaz, M.Koch & Jordon-Thaden	Carolina whitlow-grass, Carolina whitlow-mustard, Carolina draba, Creeping draba	Native, CoC: 10, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[1] Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: 4 counties iNat: No NY RG obs. GBIF: New York County	USDA-NN POWO Go Botany ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos BONAP Images Wikispecies
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Draba reptans. Threatened, S2/G5.

Tribe Alysseae

Berteroa

Berteroa incana

Berteroa incana (hoary alyssum) is the only species of its genus listed as currently naturalized in North America north of Mexico according to Al-Shehbaz (2020) in the Flora of North America. Berteroa mutabilis was last collected in the early twentieth century from garden escapes in KS and MA, and Berteroa incana, collected from the Catskills, was misidentified as Berteroa obliqua.^[1]

↑ Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz (2020). Berteroa de Candolle in FNA Volume 7 page 252. Flora of North America Association, 5 November 2020.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Alysseae — Berteroa
Genus Berteroa	False-madwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Berteroa incana (L.) DC. 1753. Alyssum incanum L. in Sp. Pl.:650 1779. Draba cheiriformis Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:46 1786. Draba cheiranthifolia Lam. in Encycl. 2:328 1788. Moenchia incana (L.) Roth in Tent. Fl. Germ. 1:273 1800. Draba dasycarpa Bernh. in Syst. Verz. Erf.:192 1812. Farsetia incana (L.) W.T.Aiton in Hortus Kew. 4:97 1815. Vesicaria incana (L.) Desv. in J. Bot. Agric. 3:171 1821. Berteroa incana (L.) DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:291 1854. Berteroa stricta Boiss. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 1:35 1888. Berteroa ascendens var. microcarpa Boiss. in Fl. Orient., Suppl.:52 1902. Crucifera berteroa E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6:70 1948. Berteroa incana ssp. stricta (Boiss. & Heldr.) Stoj. & Stef. in Fl. Bulg., ed. 3:533	Hoary-alyssum Hoary alyssum Hoary false-alyssum Hoary false madwort Hoary alison Berteroa blanc Alysson blanc Berteroa blanche	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized, SNA Biennial, Herb-forb		NYFA: 40 counties iNat: 30 counties GBIF: Present in NY	USDA-XX COL POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies
Berteroa mutabilis (Vent.) DC. 1802. Alyssum mutabile Vent. in Descr. Pl. Nouv.:t.85 1812. Farsetia mutabilis (Vent.) W.T.Aiton in Hortus Kew. 4: 96 1815. Draba mutabilis (Vent.) Desv. in J. Bot. Agric. 3:172 1821. Berteroa mutabilis (Vent.) DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:292 1825. Draba ragusana Vest ex Rchb. in Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 3:29	Roadside false madwort	Introduced from Italy, Balkans, Turkey, N.Y. excluded, FNA excluded		NYFA-Excluded iNat: No New World obs. GBIF: New England	USDA-X0 POWO ITIS IPN Images Wikispecies
Berteroa obliqua (Sm.) DC. 1813. Alyssum obliquum Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr.2:12 1821. Berteroa obliqua (Sm.) DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:292 1825. Farsetia obliqua (Sm.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 2:870 1854. Berteroa graeca Boiss. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser.2, 1:35	False madwort	Introduced from Italy, Balkans, Turkey, N.Y. excluded, FNA excluded		NYFA-Excluded iNat: No New World obs. GBIF: No New World obs.	USDA-00 POWO IPN Images Wikispecies

Alyssum

Alyssum alyssoides

The Flora of North America lists the following Alyssum species in North America:

Alyssum alyssoides (introduced to much of temperate North America from Eurasia)
Alyssum simplex (introduced to western U.S. from Eurasia)
Alyssum szowitsianum ⇒ Alyssum szovitsianum (introduced to Utah from Eurasia)
Alyssum obovatum ⇒ Odontarrhena obovata (Native to Northern Asia, Alaska and Yukon)
Alyssum murale ⇒ Odontarrhena muralis (introduced to parts of temperate North America from Eurasia)

Of the Alyssum species, only Alyssum alyssoides is known to naturalize in New York State.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Alysseae — Alyssum
Genus Alyssum	Madwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. 1753. Clypeola alyssoides L. in Sp. Pl.:652 1753. Clypeola campestris L. in Sp. Pl.:652 1759. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2:1130 1771. Adyseton calycinum Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2:13 1773. Alyssum calicinum Neck. in Delic. Gallo-Belg.:277 1788. Moenchia campestris (L.) Roth in Tent. Fl. Germ. 1:274 1794. Adyseton mutabile Moench in Methodus:267 1802. Adyseton campestre (L.) Moench in Suppl. Meth.:87 1840. Psilonema calycinum C.A.Mey. in Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 7:132 1902. Crucifera alyssoides E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2.6:67 1915. Adyseton alyssoides (L.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4:33	Alyssum Small Alison Pale madwort Yellow Alyssum	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, Invasive.org: [7], GRIIS-US: Invasive, Naturalized, 2n = 32		NYFA: 19 counties iNat: 3 counties GBIF: New York State	USDA-X POWO FSUS Go Botany VASCAN FNA IPN Images Wikispecies

Odontarrhena

Odontarrhena muralis

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Alysseae — Odontarrhena
Genus Odontarrhena	Alyssum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Odontarrhena muralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Endl. 1799. Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. in Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1:5 1841. Odontarrhena muralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Endl. in Cat. Hort. Vindob. 2:245 1860. Alyssum mesopotamicum Fenzl in P.de Tchihatcheff, Asie Min., Bot. 1:311 1868. Odontarrhena rubricaulis Jord. & Fourr. in Brev. Pl. Nov. 2:6 1895. Alyssum argenteum Schmalh. in Fl. Sredn. Južn. Rossii 1:86, nom. illeg. 1949. Alyssum caucasicum Nyár. in Anal. Acad. Romane Ser. A 1(3): 103	Wall alyssum Rock alyssum Yellowtuft Alysson des murs	Introduced, Unknown naturalization, 2n = 16, 32		NYFA: Schenectady iNat: No NY observations GBIF: Not in NY	USDA-X POWO Go Botany VASCAN FNA Images Wikispecies

Lunaria

Lunaria annua

Of the three species of Lunaria worldwide, only Lunaria annua is known to regularly naturalize in North America. At a distance, it may be misidentified as Dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis)

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Alysseae — Lunaria
Genus Lunaria	Honesty	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lunaria annua L. ssp. annua 1753. Lunaria annua L. in Sp. Pl.:653 1764. Viola lunaria Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.:t.624, opus utique rej. 1779. Lunaria inodora Lam. in Fl. Franç. 2:457 1794. Lunaria biennis Moench in Methodus:261 1821. Lunaria biennis var. albiflora DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:282 1821. Lunaria biennis var. corcyraea DC. in Syst. Nat. 2:283 1866. Lunaria biennis var. elliptica Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.:64 1866. Lunaria biennis var. orbiculata Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.:64 1902. Crucifera lunaria E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6:64 1977. Lunaria annua var. oppositifolia Cheshm. in Fitologiya 7:79	Annual honesty Silver-dollar Penny-flower Bolbonac	Introduced from France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Naturalized Biennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 30		NYFA: 14 counties iNat: 36 counties GBIF: present in NY	USDA-XX POWO Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies

Aurinia

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Alysseae — Aurinia
Genus Aurinia	Aurinia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aurinia petraea (Ard.) Schur 1764. Alyssum petraeum Ard. 1866. Aurinia petraea (Ard.) Schur	Gold-tuft ⓘ Goldentuft ⓘ Golden tuft Rock Aurinia	Introduced from Eurasia, Naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-X0 Go Botany-0 ARS-GRIN ITIS FNA Tropicos IPN Images Wikispecies
Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. ssp. saxatilis 1753. Alyssum saxatile L. 1815. Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv.	Basket-of-gold, Golden tuft	Introduced from Eurasia, Not naturalized		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Go Botany FNA Images Wikispecies

Lobularia

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Arabodae — Alysseae — Lobularia
Genus Lobularia	Lobularia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.	Sweet alyssum	Introduced		NYFA: X	USDA-XX Images Wikispecies

Supertribe Heliophilodae

Tribe Iberideae

The Brassicaceae tribe Iberideae contains the genera Iberis and Teesdalia, which together contain about four species that have been introduced to New York.^[1]

↑ Brassicaceae tribe Iberideae. Flora of North America Association.

Iberis

Iberis sempervirens

A few non-native Iberis (candytuft) plants have been discovered in New York over the years but are not known to naturalize in the state.

The common name candytuft is derived from the Latin name Candia, which referred to the island of Crete or what is now Heraklion, its largest city.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Heliophilodae — Iberideae — Iberis
Genus Iberis	Candy tuft	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Iberis umbellata L. 1753. Iberis umbellata L. 1762. Thlaspi umbellatum (L.) Crantz 1821. Thlaspi umbellatum (L.) Steven ex DC. 1904. Iberis roseopurpurea Sagorski 1836. Iberis coronaria D.Don 1937. Iberis visiani Degen	Globe candy-tuft, Globe candytuft, Annual candytuft	Introduced from Europe, Not naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: 5 counties 3 counties	USDA-XW POWO ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Iberis sempervirens L. 1753. Iberis sempervirens L. 1773. Iberis garrexiana All. 1850. Iberis serrulata Vis. 1888. Aethionema longistylum Post	Evergreen candytuft, Evergreen candy-tuft	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Not naturalized		NYFA: X NYFA: Ulster 1967 Kings, Nassau 2023	USDA-X0 POWO ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Iberis amara L. 1753. Iberis amara L. 1762. Thlaspi amarum (L.) Crantz 1901. Biauricula amara (L.) Bubani 1902. Crucifera iberis E.H.L.Krause	Rocket candy-tuft, Rocket candytuft, Annual candy-tuft	Introduced from Europe, Unk. naturalizaion		NYFA: X NYFA: Oswego 1882, Washington 1897 0 counties	USDA-Xw POWO ARS-GRIN FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Iberis carnosa Willd. 1800. Iberis carnosa Willd. 1817. Iberis pruitii Tineo 1854. Iberis jordanii Boiss. 1821. Iberis lagascana DC. 1821. Iberis tenoreana DC.	Pruit's candytuft	Introduced, N.Y. excluded		NYFA-Excluded NYFA: Excluded No NY obserations	USDA-X0 ITIS Tropicos Images Wikispecies

Teesdalia

Teesdalia nudicaulis

The only species of genus Teesdalia known to grow outside of cultivation in New York is Teesdalia nudicaulis (shepherd's cress), which has been observed on Long Island.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Heliophilodae — Iberideae — Teesdalia
Genus Teesdalia	Shepard's cress	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) W.T.Aiton 1753. Iberis nudicaulis L. 1812. Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) W.T.Aiton 1884. Capsella nudicaulis (L.) Prantl 1902. Crucifera teesdalea E.H.L.Krause	Shepherd’s cress ⓘ Barestem teesdalia ⓘ Common shepherd's-cress	Introduced Annual, Herb-forb		NYFA: Nassau, Suffolk iNat: Nassau, Suffolk GBIF: Nassau, Suffolk	USDA-XX WFO POWO FNA Images Wikispecies

Tribe Subularieae

The genus Subularia was previously (provisionally, based solely on morphology) placed in tribe Cardamineae,^[1] but the monotypic Idahoa and Subularia have been combined in the re-established tribe Subularieae.^[2]^[3]

Subularia

Subularia aquatica

Of the two Subularia species, only Subularia aquatica (awlwort) is found in North America. And of the two Subularia aquatica subspecies, only Subularia aquatica subsp. americana is found in North America, where it is considered to be a native.

Brassicales — Brassicaceae — Brassicoideae — Heliophilodae (V) — Subularieae — Subularia
Genus Subularia	Awlwort	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Subularia aquatica L. ssp. americana G.A.Mulligan & Calder 1964. Subularia aquatica ssp. americana G.A.Mulligan & Calder in Rhodora 66: 132 1966. Subularia aquatica var. americana (G.A.Mulligan & Calder) B.Boivin in Naturaliste Canad.	American awlwort American waterawlwort American water awlwort Awlwort Subulaire d'Amérique	Native, CoC: 9, Endangered		NYFA: 5 counties iNat: no obs. GBIF: not in NY	USDA-NN POWO VASCAN ARS-GRIN FNA FNA Tropicos Images Wikispecies
Subularia aquatica L. ssp. aquatica 1753. Subularia aquatica L. in Sp. Pl.:642 1823. Draba subularia Poir. in Tabl. Encycl. 3:109 1902. Crucifera subularia (Lam.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm,Deutschl.Fl.Abbild. 1914. Subularia aquatica fo. elongata H.Lindb. in Meddeland.Soc.FaunaFl.Fenn.	Water awlwort	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded Annual		NYFA-Excluded iNat: Europe only	USDA-00 POWO ARS-GRIN Tropicos Images Wikispecies

[1] NYFA Tropaeolaceae family page (1 taxon only)

[2] NYFA Limnanthaceae family page (1 taxon only)

[3] Resedaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[4] Cleomaceae Airy Shaw in Plants of the World Online (POWO). (25 Jan 2025).

[5] Saunders, T. C., I. Larridon, W. J. Baker, R. L. Barrett, F. Forest, E. Françoso, O. Maurin, S. Rokni, and E. H. Roalson. 2024. Tangled webs and spider-flowers: Phylogenomics, biogeography, and seed morphology inform the evolutionary history of Cleomaceae. American Journal of Botany 111(9): e16399.

[6] Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). Polanisia Raf. Plants of the World Online (POWO) (23 Jan 2025)

[7] New York Flora Atlas: Brassicaceae family page

[8] The order in which Brassicaceae tribes are listed here is based primarily on Beilstein, Al-Shehbaz, Mathews & Kellogg (2008) Brassicaceae phylogeny inferred from phytochrome A and ndhF sequence data: tribes and trichomes revisited. American Journal of Botany Oct. 2008 95(10): 1307-1327 (particularly fig. 3, p. 1316)

[9] The order is also based on Bailey, Koch, Mayer, Mummenhoff, O’Kane, Warwick, Windham & Al-Shehbaz (2006) Toward a Global Phylogeny of the Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press: Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution Aug. 2006 23(11): 2142–216 2142-2160

[10] Subfamilial and supertibal classification can be found at German DA, Hendriks KP, Koch MA, Lens F, Lysak MA, Bailey CD, Mummenhoff K, Al-Shehbaz IA (2023) An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). PhytoKeys 220: 127-144.

[11] Kasper P. Hendriks et al. (2023) Global Brassicaceae phylogeny based on filtering of 1,000-gene dataset. Current Biology. Vol. 33, Issue 9, October 2023, Pages 4052-4068.e6

[12] German et al. (2023) An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). PhytoKeys 220: 127-144.

[13] Nikolov, L.A., Shushkov, P., Nevado, B., Gan, X., Al-Shehbaz, I.A., Filatov, D., Bailey, C.D. and Tsiantis, M. (2019), Resolving the backbone of the Brassicaceae phylogeny for investigating trait diversity. New Phytologist, 222: 1638-1651. 08 February 2019

[14] German et al. (2023) An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). PhytoKeys 220: 127-144.

[15] German et al. (2023) An updated classification of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). PhytoKeys 220: 127-144.

[16] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Cardamine rotundifolia. Endangered, S1/G4.

[CP3-17] Appendix 3. Plant species that are considered moderately to highly invasive to natural areas in the central Finger Lakes region. Policy on the use of non-native plants in Cornell Botanic Gardens' accessioned collections (2018)

[18] Flora of North America (based on Lihová et al. 2006) states that the tetraploid European and octaploid Asian populations of Cardamine flexuosa should be treated as two distinct species. Both taxa are found in similar habitats. It is not known which these (or whether both of these) taxa have naturalized in New York.

[19] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Cardamine impatiens: Highly invasive (76).

[20] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

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