Ada Programming/Ada 95

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Ada 95 is the second revision of the language, preceded by Ada 83. It was standardized by the ISO in 1995. The Technical Corrigendum 1 was published in June 2001.

New language features

Main additions:

• Object Orientation
• Protected Objects
• Hierarchical libraries

Character set

• Latin-1 (8-bit) character set for identifiers
• Type Character expanded to the 256 values of Latin-1 (8 bits)
• New type Wide_Character (16-bit character type, UCS-2 encoding) and Wide_String

Specialized Needs Annexes

• Annex C, "Systems Programming"
• Annex D, "Real-Time Systems"
• Annex E, "Distributed Systems"
• Annex F, "Information Systems"
• Annex G, "Numerics"
• Annex H, "Safety and Security" (in Ada 2005 renamed to "High Integrity Systems")

Other language additions

• Modular types
• General access types
• Access to subprograms
• 'delay until' statement
• 'use type' clause

Summary of what's new

New keywords

Ada 95 has 6 new keywords with respect to Ada 83 (69 keywords in total):

• abstract
• aliased
• protected
• requeue
• tagged
• until

New pragmas

Added 29 pragmas, removed 5 (38 total):

• pragma All_Calls_Remote
• pragma Asynchronous
• pragma Atomic
• pragma Atomic_Components
• pragma Attach_Handler
• pragma Convention
• pragma Discard_Names
• pragma Elaborate_All
• pragma Elaborate_Body
• pragma Export
• pragma Import
• pragma Inspection_Point
• pragma Interrupt_Handler
• pragma Interrupt_Priority
• pragma Linker_Options
• pragma Locking_Policy
• pragma Normalize_Scalars
• pragma Preelaborate
• pragma Pure
• pragma Queueing_Policy
• pragma Remote_Call_Interface
• pragma Remote_Types
• pragma Restrictions
• pragma Reviewable
• pragma Shared_Passive
• pragma Storage_Size
• pragma Task_Dispatching_Policy
• pragma Volatile
• pragma Volatile_Components

New attributes

Added 52 attributes, removed 7 (85 total):

• Access
• Adjacent
• Alignment
• Bit_Order
• Body_Version
• Caller
• Ceiling
• Class
• Component_Size
• Compose
• Copy_Sign
• Definite
• Denorm
• Exponent
• External_Tag
• Floor
• Fraction
• Identity
• Input
• Leading_Part
• Machine
• Max
• Max_Size_In_Storage_Elements
• Min
• Model
• Model_Emin
• Model_Epsilon
• Model_Mantissa
• Model_Small
• Modulus
• Output
• Partition_ID
• Read
• Remainder
• Round
• Rounding
• Safe_First
• Safe_Last
• Scale
• Scaling
• Signed_Zeros
• Storage_Pool
• Tag
• Truncation
• Unbiased_Rounding
• Unchecked_Access
• Valid
• Version
• Wide_Image
• Wide_Value
• Wide_Width
• Write

New library units

• Ada.Real_Time
• ...

See also

Wikibook

• Ada Programming/Ada 83
• Ada Programming/Ada 2005
• Ada Programming/Ada 2012
• Ada Programming/Keywords
• Ada Programming/Attributes
• Ada Programming/Pragmas

References

• Ada Reference Manual, ISO/IEC 8652:1995(E) with COR.1:2000 (June 2001)
• Annotated Ada Reference Manual, ISO/IEC 8652:1995(E) with COR.1:2000 (June 2001)
• The Ada 95 Rationale: The Language, The Standard (January 1995)
• Ada 95 Quality and Style Guide: Guidelines for Professional Programmers (October 1995)

External links

• Tucker Taft (1994). "Ada 9X for Embedded Systems Development". Retrieved 2008-06-04.
• David L. Moore (1995-10-01). "Object-Oriented Facilities in Ada 95". Dr. Dobb's Journal. Retrieved 2008-06-04.