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SQLite/Release3

< SQLite

Before reading this you're supposed to have downloaded and unpacked in your PATH the latest version of the executable command line interface sqlite3 for your operating system.

CommandLine edit

Usage: sqlite3 [OPTIONS] FILENAME [SQL]

  • FILENAME is the name of an SQLite database. A new database is created if the file does not previously exist.
  • SQL is a dot-, SQL-command or Pragma. OPTIONS include:
  -A ARGS...           = .archive ARGS and exit
  -append              append database to end of file
  -ascii               = .mode ascii
  -bail                = .bail on
  -batch               force batch I/O
  -box                 = .mode box
  -column              = .mode column
  -cmd COMMAND         run "COMMAND" before reading stdin
  -csv                 = .mode csv
  -deserialize         open using sqlite3_deserialize()
  -echo                = .echo on
  -init FILENAME       read/process named file
  -[no]header          = .header [off] or on
  -help                show this message
  -html                = .mode HTML
  -interactive         force interactive I/O
  -json                = .mode json
  -line                = .mode line

  -list                = .mode list
  -lookaside SIZE N    use N entries of SIZE bytes for lookaside memory
  -markdown            = .mode markdown
  -memtrace            trace all memory allocations and (de)allocations
  -mmap N              default mmap size set to N
  -newline SEP         = .separator "|" SEP. Default: "\n"
  -nofollow            = refuse to open symbolic links to database files
  -nullvalue TEXT      = .NULLvalue TEXT. Default ""
  -pagecache SIZE N    use N slots of SIZE bytes each for page cache memory
  -quote               = .mode quote
  -readonly            open the database read-only
  -separator SEP       = .separator SEP. Default: "|"
  -stats               print memory stats before each finalize
  -table               = .mode table
  -tabs                = .mode tabs
  -version             = .version
  -vfs NAME            use NAME as the default VFS
  -zip                 open the file as a ZIP Archive

DotCommands edit

SQLite3.37 .helpScreen (a-g)
  • .archive OPT... FILE... Manage SQL archives a
  • .auth (ON,OFF) Show authorizer callbacks
  • .backup ?DB? FILE Backup DB (default "main") to FILE
  • .bail (on,off) Stop after hitting an error. Default OFF
  • .binary (on,off) Turn binary output on or off. Default OFF
  • .cd DIRECTORY Change the working DIRECTORY
  • .changes (on,off) Show number of rows changed by SQL
  • .check GLOB Fail if output since .testcase does not match
  • .clone NEWDB Clone data into NEWDB from the existing database
  • .connection (close #) Open/close auxiliary database
  • .databases Show names and files of attached databases
  • .dbconfig ?op? ?val? Show/change sqlite3_db_config() options
  • .dbinfo ?DB? Show status information about the database
  • .dump ?TABLE? ... Dump the database in an SQL text formatt
  • .echo (on,off) Turn command echo on or off
  • .eqp (on,off,trigger,full) En-/disable automatic EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  • .excel Display the output of next command in a spreadsheet
  • .exit ?CODE? Exit (=.q) this program (returning CODE)
  • .expert EXPERIMENTAL. Indexes for spec. queries
  • .explain (on,off,auto) Explain format def. auto
  • .filectrl CMD ... Run sqlite3_file_control() operationsf
  • .fullschema ?--indent? Show schema and the content of sqlite_stat tables
      (h-q)
  • .headers (on,off) Turn display of headers on or off
  • .help ?REGEX? Show this message (or only REGEX)h
  • .import OPT... FILE TABLE Import FILE > TABLE i
  • .imposter INDEX TABLE Create imposter table TABLE on index INDEX
  • .indexes ?TABLE? Show names of all indexest
  • .limit ?LIMIT? ?VAL? Display or change the value of an SQLITE_LIMIT
  • .lint OPTIONS Report potential schema issues.
  • .load FILE ?ENTRY? Load an extension library
  • .log (FILE,off) Turn logging on or off. FILE can be stderr/stdout
  • .mode MODE ?TABLE? Set output modem for tablet
  • .nullvalue STRING Use STRING in place of NULL values
  • .nonce STRING disable safe mode for one command
  • .once (-e,-x,FILE) Output for the next SQL command only to FILEe
  • .open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE? Close existing database and reopen FILEo
  • .output ?FILE? Send output to FILE or stdout
  • .parameter CMD ... Manage SQL parameter bindingsp
  • .print STRING... Print literal STRING
  • .progress N Invoke progress handler after every N opcodes
  • .prompt MAIN CONTINUE Replace the standard prompts
  • .quit Quit (=.ex) this program
------ screenshot from: ------
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/SQLite/Release3#DotCommands
      (r-z)
  • .read FILENAME Execute SQL in FILENAME
  • .recover Recover data from corrupt db
  • .restore ?DB? FILE DB content (dflt "main") from FILE
  • .save FILE Write in-memory database into FILE
  • .scanstats (on,off) sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() metrics
  • .schema ?PATTERN? Show the CREATE statements matching PATTERNs1
  • .selftest ?--init? Run tests defined in the SELFTEST table
  • .separator COL ?ROW? Change separator for column and optionally rows2
  • .sha3sum ?OPTIONS...? Compute a SHA3 hash of database content
  • .shell CMD ARGS... Run CMD ARGS... in OS shell (=sy)
  • .show Show the current values for various settings
  • .stats (on,off) Show stats or turn stats on or off
  • .system CMD ARGS... Run CMD ARGS... in OS shell (=.sh)
  • .tables ?TABLE? List names of tablest1
  • .testcase NAME Begin redirecting output to 'testcase-out.txt'
  • .testctrl CMD ... Run sqlite3_test_control() opst2
  • .timeout MS Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds
  • .timer (on,off) Turn SQL timer on or off
  • .trace (FILE,off) Output each SQL statement as it is run
  • .version Show detailed SQLite version info
  • .vfsinfo ?AUX? Information about the top-level VFS
  • .vfslist List all available VFSes
  • .vfsname' ?AUX? Print the name of the VFS stack
  • .width NUM1 ... Set col widths for "column" modew
D-notes

More info @sqlite.org/cli.html#special_commands_to_sqlite3_dot_commands_

a .ar [OPTION...] [FILE...] The .ar command manages sqlar archives.

Examples: 

 .ar -cf archive.sar foo bar    # Create archive.sar from files foo and bar
 .ar -tf archive.sar            # List members of archive.sar
 .ar -xvf archive.sar           # Verbosely extract files from archive.sar

Each command line must feature exactly one command option: 

 -c, --create               Create a new archive
 -u, --update               Update or add files to an existing archive
 -t, --list                 List contents of archive
 -x, --extract              Extract files from archive

And zero or more optional options: 

 -v, --verbose              Print each filename as it is processed
 -f FILE, --file FILE       Operate on archive FILE (default is current db)
 -a FILE, --append FILE     Operate on FILE opened using the apndvfs VFS
 -C DIR, --directory DIR    Change to directory DIR to read/extract files
 -n, --dryrun               Show the SQL that would have occurred

See also: sar-support 

e or invoke system text editor (-e) or spreadsheet (-x) on the output.
f CMD ... may be size_limit [LIMIT]; chunk_size SIZE;
persist_wal [BOOLEAN]; psow [BOOLEAN]; tempfilename
has_moved; lock_timeout MILLISEC
h only show commands matching REGEX e.g. p*=starting with p
i option to skip first line; --skip 1
l lintOptions: fkey-indexes Find missing foreign key indexes
m mode: ascii delimited by 0x1F and 0x1E; csv Comma-separated values;
column Left-aligned columns (See .width); html HTML <table> code;
insert SQL insert statements for TABLE; line One value per line
list delimited by "|"; quote Escape answers as for SQL
tabs Tab-separated values; tcl TCL list elements
o openOptions: --new option starts with an empty file
Other options: --readonly --append --zip
p paramCMDs:
clear       Erase all bindings
init          Initialize the TEMP table that holds bindings
list          List the current parameter bindings
set PARAMETER VALUE Given SQL parameter PARAMETER a value of VALUE
     PARAMETER should start with '$', ':', '@', or '?'
unset PARAMETER           Remove PARAMETER from the binding table
s1 schemaOption: --indent for pretty-printing
s2 separator for both the output mode and .import:
t1 If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching LIKE pattern TABLE.
t2 CMD ... may be always BOOLEAN; assert BOOLEAN; byteorder;
imposter SCHEMA ON/OFF ROOTPAGE; internal_functions BOOLEAN; localtime_fault BOOLEAN
never_corrupt BOOLEAN; optimizations DISABLE-MASK; pending_byte OFFSET; prng_reset;
prng_restore; prng_save; reserve BYTES-OF-RESERVE
w Negative values right-justify

KeyWords edit

If one wants to use one of following words as an identifier the word needs to be enclosed in two double quotes '"', backquotes '`' or '[' and ']'.[1]

      A-B
  • ABORT
  • ACTION
  • ADD
  • AFTER
  • ALL
  • ALTER
  • ALWAYS
  • ANALYZE
  • AND
  • AS
  • ASC
  • ATTACH
  • AUTOINCREMENT
  • BEFORE
  • BEGIN
  • BETWEEN
  • BY
      C-Def
  • CASCADE
  • CASE
  • CAST
  • CHECK
  • COLLATE
  • COLUMN
  • COMMIT
  • CONFLICT
  • CONSTRAINT
  • CREATE
  • CROSS
  • CURRENT
  • CURRENT_DATE
  • CURRENT_TIME
  • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
  • DATABASE
  • DEFAULT
  • DEFERRABLE
  • DEFERRED
      Del-Fi
  • DELETE
  • DESC
  • DETACH
  • DISTINCT
  • DO
  • DROP
  • EACH
  • ELSE
  • END
  • ESCAPE
  • EXCEPT
  • EXCLUDE
  • EXCLUSIVE
  • EXISTS
  • EXPLAIN
  • FAIL
  • FALSE[2]
  • FILTER
  • FIRST
      Fo-Inn
  • FOLLOWING
  • FOR
  • FOREIGN
  • FROM
  • FULL
  • GENERATED
  • GLOB
  • GROUP
  • GROUPS
  • HAVING
  • IF
  • IGNORE
  • IMMEDIATE
  • IN
  • INDEX
  • INDEXED
  • INITIALLY
  • INNER
      Ins-N
  • INSERT
  • INSTEAD
  • INTERSECT
  • INTO
  • IS
  • ISNULL
  • JOIN
  • KEY
  • LAST
  • LEFT
  • LIKE
  • LIMIT
  • MATCH
  • NATURAL
  • NO
  • NOT
  • NOTHING
  • NOTNULL
  • NULL
  • NULLS
      O-Ref
  • OF
  • OFFSET
  • ON
  • OR
  • ORDER
  • OTHERS
  • OUTER
  • OVER
  • PARTITION
  • PLAN
  • PRAGMA
  • PRECEDING
  • PRIMARY
  • QUERY
  • RAISE
  • RANGE
  • RECURSIVE
  • REFERENCES
      Reg-Ti
  • REGEXP
  • REINDEX
  • RELEASE
  • RENAME
  • REPLACE
  • RESTRICT
  • RIGHT
  • ROLLBACK
  • ROW
  • ROWS
  • SAVEPOINT
  • SELECT
  • SET
  • TABLE
  • TEMP
  • TEMPORARY
  • THEN
  • TIES
      To-Z
  • TO
  • TRANSACTION
  • TRIGGER
  • TRUE[2]
  • UNBOUNDED
  • UNION
  • UNIQUE
  • UPDATE
  • USING
  • VACUUM
  • VALUES
  • VIEW
  • VIRTUAL
  • WHEN
  • WHERE
  • WINDOW
  • WITH
  • WITHOUT
K-notes and/or references
  1. ↑ SQLite Keywords more info @sqlite.org/lang_keywords.html.
  2. ↑ a b Not a keyword, but a predefined variable. Usage as identifier might be confusing.

Pragmas edit

Pragmas are special commands to show or [change] behavior of open database[schema](s)

  • Usage: PRAGMA [schema-name.]name [ = TEXT or INT ];
active pragmas (61)
  • analysis_limit
  • application_id
  • auto_vacuum
  • automatic_index
  • busy_timeout
  • cache_size
  • cache_spill
  • case_sensitive_like
  • cell_size_check
  • checkpoint_fullfsync
  • collation_list
  • compile_options
  • data_version
  • database_list
  • defer_foreign_keys
  • encoding
  • foreign_key_check
  • foreign_key_list
  • foreign_keys
  • freelist_count
  • fullfsync
  • function_list
  • hard_heap_limit
  • ignore_check_constraints
  • incremental_vacuum
  • index_info
  • index_list
  • index_xinfo
  • integrity_check
  • journal_mode
  • journal_size_limit
  • legacy_alter_table
  • legacy_file_format
  • locking_mode
  • max_page_count
  • mmap_size
  • module_list
  • optimize
  • page_count
  • page_size
  • pragma_list
  • query_only
  • quick_check
  • read_uncommitted
  • recursive_triggers
  • reverse_unordered_selects
  • schema_version
  • secure_delete
  • shrink_memory
  • soft_heap_limit
  • stats
  • synchronous
  • table_info
  • table_xinfo
  • temp_store
  • threads
  • trusted_schema
  • user_version
  • wal_autocheckpoint
  • wal_checkpoint
  • writable_schema
deprecated pragmas (7)
  • count_changes
  • data_store_directory
  • default_cache_size
  • empty_result_callbacks
  • full_column_names
  • short_column_names
  • temp_store_directory
pragmas with non-standard compile-options (5)
  • parser_trace
  • vdbe_addoptrace
  • vdbe_debug
  • vdbe_listing
  • vdbe_trace
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