Radiation Oncology/Toxicity/Emami


This page is for dosimetric correlations of normal tissue tolerance.

Emami estimates

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Normal whole organ tissue tolerances (cGy)(adapted from Emami 1991 PMID 2032882)

Organ TD 5/5     TD 50/5    
  Whole 2/3 1/3 Whole 2/3 1/3
Bladder 6500 8000 N/A 8000 8500 N/A
Brachial plexus 6000 6100 6200 7500 7600 7700
Brain 4500 5000 6000 6000 6500 7500
Brainstem 5000 5300 6000 6500
Cauda equina 6000 7500
Colon
(obstruction,perforation,ulceration)
4500 5500 5500 6500
Ear
(acute serous otitis)
3000 3000 3000 4000 4000 4000
Ear
(chronic serous otitis)
5500 5500 5500 6500 6500 6500
Esophagus
(stricture,perforation)
5500 5800 6000 6800 7000 7200
Femoral head 5200 6500
Heart
(pericarditis)
4000 4500 6000 5000 5500 7000
Kidney 2300 3000 5000 2800 4000
Larynx
(necrosis)
7000 7000 7900 8000 8000 9000
Larynx
(edema)
4500 4500 8000
Lens 1000 1800
Liver 3000 3500 5000 4000 4500 5500
Lung 1750 3000 4500 2450 4000 6500
Optic chiasm 5000 6500
Optic nerve 5000 6500
Parotid gland 3200 3200 4600 4600  
Rectum
(severe proctitis,necrosis,fistula,stenosis)
6000 8000
Retina 4500 6500
Rib cage 5000 6500
Skin (100 cm2)
5500
(30 cm2)
6000
(10 cm2)
7000
(100 cm2)
6500
Spinal cord (20 cm)
4700
(10 cm)
5000
(5 cm)
5000
(10 cm)
7000
(5 cm)
7000
Small intestine
(obstruction,perforation)
4000 5000 5500 6000
Stomach
(ulceration,perforation)
5000 5500 6000 6500 6700 7000
TMJ mandible 6000 6000 6500 7200 7200 7700
Thyroid 4500     8000    

Partial volume estimates

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See also: Normal tissue complication probability

Emami provides partial volume radiation tolerance estimates for only a few organ sites.

Other researchers' data:

  • Full text No PMID — "Use of normal tissue tolerance doses into linear quadratic equation to estimate normal tissue complicatio probability." T. S. Kehwar, Ph.D., D.Sc. and S. C. Sharma, M.D. Radiation Oncology Online Journal (www.rooj.com).
    • Tables 3 and 4 are most helpful.
  • Full text No PMID — "Analytical approach to estimate normal tissue complication probability using best fit of normal tissue tolerance doses into the NTCP equation of the linear quadratic model." T. S. Kehwar, D.Sc., DABR. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.
    • See especially Table 4