Radiation Oncology/Randomized
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Meta-analysis and Systemic ReviewEdit
A
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
- Adolescents, Cancer in
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- [[AIDS-Related Cancers
Kaposi Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)]]
- [[AIDS-Related Lymphoma (Lymphoma)
Primary CNS Lymphoma (Lymphoma)]]
- Anal Cancer
- [[Appendix Cancer - see Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors
Astrocytomas, Childhood (Brain Cancer)]]
B
- Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin - see Skin Cancer
- Bile Duct Cancer
- Bladder Cancer
- Bone Cancer (includes Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma)
- Brain Tumors
- Breast Cancer
- Bronchial Tumors (Lung Cancer)
- Burkitt Lymphoma - see Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
C
- Carcinoid Tumor (Gastrointestinal)
- Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
- Cardiac (Heart) Tumors, Childhood
- [[Central Nervous System
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Childhood (Brain Cancer) Medulloblastoma and Other CNS Embryonal Tumors, Childhood (Brain Cancer) Germ Cell Tumor, Childhood (Brain Cancer)]] Primary CNS Lymphoma
- Cervical Cancer
- Childhood Cancers
- Cancers of Childhood, Rare
- Cholangiocarcinoma - see Bile Duct Cancer
- Chordoma, Childhood (Bone Cancer)
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Colorectal Cancer
- Craniopharyngioma, Childhood (Brain Cancer)
- Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma - see Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome)
D
E
- Embryonal Tumors, Medulloblastoma and Other Central Nervous System, Childhood (Brain Cancer)
- Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Cancer)
- Ependymoma, Childhood (Brain Cancer)
- Esophageal Cancer
- Esthesioneuroblastoma (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Ewing Sarcoma (Bone Cancer)
- Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Childhood
- Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor
- [[Eye Cancer
Intraocular Melanoma Retinoblastoma]] F
G
- Gallbladder Cancer
- Gastric (Stomach) Cancer
- Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)
- [[Germ Cell Tumors
Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors (Brain Cancer) Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors Testicular Cancer]]
H
- Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Heart Tumors, Childhood
- Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer
- Histiocytosis, Langerhans Cell
- Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Hypopharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
I
K
L
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- Laryngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Leukemia
- Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Liver Cancer
- Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell, Small Cell, Pleuropulmonary Blastoma, and Tracheobronchial Tumor)
- Lymphoma
M
- Male Breast Cancer
- Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone and Osteosarcoma
- Melanoma
- Melanoma, Intraocular (Eye)
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Skin Cancer)
- Mesothelioma, Malignant
- Metastatic Cancer
- Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Midline Tract Carcinoma With NUT Gene Changes
- Mouth Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
- Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasms
- Mycosis Fungoides (Lymphoma)
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic (CML)
- Myeloid Leukemia, Acute (AML)
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Chronic
N
- Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Nasopharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Neuroblastoma
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
O
- Oral Cancer, Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer and Oropharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Osteosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone Treatment
- Ovarian Cancer
P
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors)
- Papillomatosis (Childhood Laryngeal)
- Paraganglioma
- Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Parathyroid Cancer
- Penile Cancer
- Pharyngeal Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pituitary Tumor
- Plasma Cell Neoplasm/Multiple Myeloma
- Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (Lung Cancer)
- Pregnancy and Breast Cancer
- Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Lymphoma
- Primary Peritoneal Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
R
- Rare Cancers of Childhood
- Rectal Cancer
- Recurrent Cancer
- Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer
- Retinoblastoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Childhood (Soft Tissue Sarcoma)
S
Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma) Childhood Vascular Tumors (Soft Tissue Sarcoma) Ewing Sarcoma (Bone Cancer) Kaposi Sarcoma (Soft Tissue Sarcoma) Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer)]]
- [[Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Uterine Sarcoma]]
- [[Sézary Syndrome (Lymphoma)
Skin Cancer]]
- Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Small Intestine Cancer
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin - see Skin Cancer
- Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, Metastatic (Head and Neck Cancer)
- Stomach (Gastric) Cancer
T
- T-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous - see Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides and Sèzary Syndrome)
- Testicular Cancer
- [[Throat Cancer (Head and Neck Cancer)
Nasopharyngeal Cancer Oropharyngeal Cancer Hypopharyngeal Cancer]]
- Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma
- Thyroid Cancer
- Tracheobronchial Tumors (Lung Cancer)
- Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter (Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer)
U
- Unknown Primary, Carcinoma of
- Ureter and Renal Pelvis, Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer
- Urethral Cancer
- Uterine Cancer, Endometrial
- Uterine Sarcoma
V
W
Y
Randomized EvidenceEdit
(In the process of being crosslinked)
- Anal canal
- Benign Diseases
- Bladder
- Brain Metastases
- Breast
- Cervix
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Colon
- Endometrial
- Epilepsy
- Esophagus
- Gastric
- Gliomas
- Head & Neck
- Hodgkin's Disease
- Heel Spurs
- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Lung, NSCLC
- Lung, SCLC
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's
- Medulloblastoma
- Mesothelioma
- Melanoma, Cutaneous
- Melanoma, Ocular
- Pancreas
- Prostate
- Rectum
- Sarcoma
- Skin Non-melanoma
- Spinal Cord Compression
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
- Testis, NSGCT
- Thymoma
- Vascular Brachytherapy
- Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
- Hyperthermia
- Supportive Care
- RT Technology
- Proton Therapy
Literature ReviewEdit
- Kentucky; 2009 PMID 19111269 -- "Randomized prospective trials of innovative radiotherapy technology are necessary." (Halperin EC, J Am Coll Radiol. 2009 Jan;6(1):33-7.)
- "It is possible to identify innovations that should be required to meet the standard of proof of a benefit in a randomized prospective clinical trial before being introduced into widespread clinical practice."
- NCI Canada; 2008 (1975–2004) PMID 18955452 -- "Evolution of the Randomized Controlled Trial in Oncology Over Three Decades." (Booth CM, J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 27. [Epub ahead of print])
- 321 reports evaluating RCT in systemic therapy for breast, CRC, and NSCLC reviewed.
- Outcome: Number and size of RCT increased substantially. For profit sponsorship increased substantially (4% to 57%, SS). Effect size remained stable, but authors have become more likely to strongly endorse experimental arm (SS). Endorsement of experimental arm strongly associated with industry sponsorship
- Wisconsin; 2008 PMID 18237799 -- "Randomized controlled trials in health technology assessment: Overkill or overdue?" (Bentzen SM, Radiother Oncol. 2008 Jan 29 [Epub ahead of print])
- Oxford; 2007 PMID 17303884 -- "When are randomised trials unnecessary? Picking signal from noise." (Glasziou P, BMJ. 2007 Feb 17;334(7589):349-51.)
- RTOG; 2005 (1968–2002) PMID 15728168 -- "Evaluation of new treatments in radiation oncology: are they better than standard treatments?" (Soares HP, JAMA. 2005 Feb 23;293(8):970-8.)
- Review of all completed Phase III RTOG trials. 57 trials, 12734 patients
- Outcome: survival OR for intervention arm over standard arm 1.01 (NS). Only 10% significantly better, 88% inconclusive
- Toxicity: treatment-related mortality intervention arm worse OR 1.76 over standard arm (SS)
- Conclusion: Results of individual trials cannot be predicted in advance
- COG; 2005 (1955–1997) PMID 16299015 -- "Are experimental treatments for cancer in children superior to established treatments? Observational study of randomised controlled trials by the Children's Oncology Group." (Kumar A, BMJ. 2005 Dec 3;331(7528):1295. Epub 2005 Nov 18.)
- Review of completed Phase III trials. 126 trials, 36567 patients
- Outcome: survival OR 0.96 (NS)
- Conclusion: New treatments in childhood cancer are as likely to be inferior as they are to be superior to standard treatments