Pulsars and neutron stars/Modelling timing residuals

Introduction edit

Pulse numbering edit

Glitch events edit

In tempo/tempo2, glitch events are modelled as an offset in pulse phase,   and the permanent increments in the pulse frequency   and first frequency time derivative  . In addition it is sometimes necessary to in a transient frequency increment   which decays exponentially to zero with a timescale of  . The phase model (caused by the glitch) is therefore taken as:

 

where   is the glitch epoch and   is the current time.

Frequency-dependent and frequency-independent noise edit

Spatially correlated timing residuals edit

Spectral analysis of timing residuals edit

Interpolation and extrapolation of pulsar timing residuals edit