Proto-Turkic/Alphabet
Hi! Welcome to the Proto-Turkic alphabet.
Alphabet
editSince Proto-Turkic is a configuration language like other proto-languages, it is expressed with Latin letters.
| Uppercase | Lowercase | Pronunciation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IPA value | Closest approximation | ||
| A | a | /ä/ | cacao |
| Ā | ā | /äː/ | Same as above but longer |
| Ạ | ạ | /ə/ | bird |
| Ạ̄ | ạ̄ | /əː/ | Same as above but longer |
| Ӑ | ӑ | (unclear) | |
| B | b | /b/ | bird |
| Č | č | /tʃ/ | check |
| D | d | /d/ | dark |
| E | e | /ɛ/ | met |
| Ē | ē | /ɛː/ | Same as above but longer |
| Ẹ | ẹ | /e/ | Australian bed |
| Ẹ̄ | ẹ̄ | /eː/ | Same as above but longer |
| Ӗ | ӗ | (unclear) | |
| G | g | /ɡ/ | guard |
| H | h | /h/ | heart |
| I | i | /i/ | Same as below but shorter |
| Ī | ī | /iː/ | see |
| Ï | ï | /ɨ/ | roses |
| Ï̄ | ï̄ | /ɨː/ | Same as above but longer |
| K | k | ||
| L | l | ||
| Ĺ | ĺ | ||
| M | m | ||
| N | n | ||
| Ń | ń | ||
| Ŋ | ŋ | ||
| O | o | ||
| Ō | ō | ||
| Ö | ö | ||
| Ȫ | ȫ | ||
| P | p | ||
| R | r | ||
| Ŕ | ŕ | ||
| S | s | ||
| T | t | ||
| U | u | ||
| Ū | ū | ||
| Ü | ü | ||
| Ǖ | ǖ | ||
| Y | y | ||
Unlike today's Turkic languages, there are no /z/ and /š/ sounds in Proto-Turkic. Instead, there are palatalized sounds /ŕ/ and /ĺ/ whose later became /z/ and /š/ in Common Turkic, but /r/ and /l/ instead in Oghur languages. The letters ⟨J j⟩, however, are usually used over ⟨Y y⟩.
Diacritics
editCarons
editCarons on the letter ⟨č⟩ is pronounced /tʃ/ as in charge.
Macrons
editVowel letters with lines on them give the same sound as letters without, but are pronounced long.
Dots
editDots below on the letters ⟨ạ⟩ and ⟨ẹ⟩ represents a schwa /ə/ and a closed /e/, respectively.
Breves
editThe usage of breves on the letters ⟨ă⟩ and ⟨ĕ⟩ is unclear.
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