Kinyarwanda

Kinyarwanda

A guide to one of the popular Bantu languages.

Brief Contents

• Introduction to Kinyarwanda
• Pronunciation
• Orthography
• Grammar
• Nouns
• Verbs
• Pronouns
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Participles
• Gerunds
• Conjunctions
• Prepositions
• Interjections
• Appositive
• Punctuation
• Syntax
• Figures of Syntax

Detailed Contents

1. Introduction
2. Grammar
   1. Nouns
      1. Concrete
         1. Proper
         2. Common
            1. Individual
            2. Collective
      2. Abstract
         1. Attribute
         2. Verbal
      3. Words and word groups used as nouns
         1. Adjectives made nouns
         2. Pronouns made nouns
         3. Verbs made nouns
         4. Participles made nouns
         5. Adverbs made nouns
         6. Conjunctions made nouns
      4. Countable and uncountable nouns
      5. Compound nouns
      6. Inflections of Nouns
         1. Genders
         2. Numbers
         3. Cases
      7. The noun as a modifier
      8. The syntactic functions of nouns
      9. References
3. Verbs
   1. Present and past
      1. Present simple
      2. Present continuous
      3. Present simple and present continuous
      4. Past simple
      5. Past continuous
      6. Past simple and past continuous
   2. Present perfect and past
      1. Present perfect
      2. Present perfect continuous
      3. Present perfect and past
      4. Past perfect
      5. Past perfect continuous
      6. Past perfect and simple past
   3. Future
      1. Future perfect
      2. Future perfect continuous
      3. Future simple
      4. Future with 'ngiye'
4. Pronouns
   1. Demonstrative pronouns
   2. Interrogative pronouns
   3. Personal pronouns
   4. Possessive pronouns
   5. Relative pronouns
5. Adjectives and adverbs
   1. Adjectives
      1. Function
      2. Form
      3. Adjectives word order
      4. Personality adjectives
      5. Adjectives from nouns
   2. Adverbs
      1. Function
      2. Adverb form
      3. Kinds of adverbs
         1. Adverbs of degree
         2. Adverbs of time
         3. Adverbs of manner
         4. Adverbs of place
         5. Conjunctive adverbs
      4. Adverbs word order
      5. Comparative forms of adverbs
      6. Adverbs with different forms and meanings
      7. Adverbs with different forms and same meanings
   3. Adjectives and adverbs
   4. Comparison
   5. Superlatives
6. Conjunctions
7. Prepositions
8. Interjections
9. Functions
10. Gerund and participles
11. Punctuation
12. Orthography
13. Pronunciation
14. Syntax
    1. Appositives
    2. Figures of Syntax
15. Study guide

References

1. Jouannet, Francis (ed.) (1983). Le Kinyarwanda, langue bantu du Rwanda. Paris: Société d’Études Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France (SELAF).
2. Kimenyi, Alexandre (1980). A Relational Grammar of Kinyarwanda. University of California Press.
3. Kimenyi, Alexandre . Kinyarwanda. California State University at Sacramento. [Online]: http://www.kimenyi.com/kinyarwanda.php
4. Habumuremyi, Emmanuel et al. (2006). IRIZA-STARTER 2006: The 1st Kinyarwanda-English and English-Kinyarwanda Dictionary. Kigali: Rural ICT-Net