Gujarati/Present

surya ugyo

Formation of the present tense

The present tense in Gujarati is for most verbs formed by removing the infinitive ending વું vũ, placing a grammatical person marker in its place, and placing the appropriate present-tense form of the verb to be afterwards.

The formula thus follows the lines of:

[verb stem + personal marker] [form of to be]

For example, for the first person:

[kar + ũ] [chhũ]

Or in full,

Hũ e karũ chhũ. (હું એ કરું છું.)

I it doing am. ("I am doing it.")

The verb to be (હોવું hovũ)

The verb હોવું is irregular both in its stem (છ chh as opposed to હો cho) and in that it does not take an auxiliary (as it is itself the auxiliary used by all other verbs). Because it is used to conjugate all other verbs, it is essential to know all the following forms.

The forms shown below are the "forms of to be" mentioned above that are used to form the present tense.

Pronoun (En)	Pronoun (Guj)	Verb form
I	હું hũ	છું chhũ
you	તું tũ	છે chhe
he/she/it	એ e	છે chhe
we	અમે ame	છીએ chhiie
you	તમે tame	છો chho
they	એ e	છે chhe

Present tense endings

These are the "personal markers" mentioned above that are used to form the present tense.

Pronoun	Personal marker
હું hũ	ઉં ũ
તું tũ	એ e
એ e	એ e
અમે ame	ઈએ iie
તમે tame	ઓ o
એ e	એ e

Example: a regular verb, કરવું karvũ

The verb stem is derived by removing -vũ:

કરવું karvũ → કર kar

Pronoun	Verb form	Form of to be
હું hũ	કરું karũ	છું chhũ
તું tũ	કરે kare	છે chhe
એ e	કરે kare	છે chhe
અમે ame	કરીએ kariie	છીએ chhiie
તમે tame	કરો karo	છો chho
એ e	કરે kare	છે chhe

Thus we can make such sentences as:

Hũ (e) karu chhũ. I am doing (it).

Apņe (kaam) kariie chhiie. We are doing (work).

Tũ (shũ) kare chhe ? (What) are you doing?

Negative present tense

The negative present tense is formed completely differently from the positive present tense. It follows the pattern:

[negative marker] [verb stem + form of tũ]

Note:

• The negative marker can be any one of the following: નથી nathii, ન na, નહિ nahi.
• The form of the suffix તું tũ must agree in gender and number with the agent of the verb (thing performing the action).

For example, if Mayur (a man's name) says, "I am not doing work," this is:

[nathii] [kar + to]

Hũ (kaam) nathii karto. I am not doing (work).

Forms of તું tũ

The various gender forms of તું tũ are:

	Singular	Plural
Neuter	તું tũ	તાં tãã
Masculine	તો to	તા taa
Feminine	તી tii	તી tii