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Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant

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The nihongo|Fukushima II Nuclear Power Plant|福島第二原子力発電所|Fukushima Dai-Ni Genshiryoku Hatsudensho|extra=Fukushima II NPP, 2F}}, or Fukushima Dai-ni (dai-ni means "number two"), is a nuclear power plant located on a 1,500,000acre site Tepco site [1] in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) runs the plant.

After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the four reactors at Fukushima II scrammed (automatically shut down).[2]

Japan's worst nuclear accident occurred at TEPCO's Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant, or Fukushima Dai-ichi, an 11.5|km boundary to boundary road journey to the north,[3] after the same March 11 earthquake.

Description

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All reactors in the Fukushima II Nuclear Power Plant are Boiling Water Reactor|BWR-5 type[4] with electric power of 1,100 MW each (net output: 1,067 MW each).[5]

The reactors for units 1 and 3 were supplied by Toshiba, and for units 2 and 4 by Hitachi. Units 1–3 were built by Kajima while the unit 4 was built by Shimizu Corporation|Shimizu and Takenaka Corporation|Takenaka.[5] The design basis accident for an earthquake was between 0.42 g-force|g (4.15 m/s2) and 0.52 g (5.12 m/s2) and for a tsunami was 5.2 m.[6]

Unit First criticality Installation costs (yen/MW) Reactor supplier Architecture Construction Containment[7]
1 31/07/1981 250,000,000 Toshiba Toshiba Kajima Mark 2
2 23/06/1983 230,000,000 Hitachi Hitachi Kajima Mark 2 advanced
3 14/12/1984 290,000,000 Toshiba Toshiba Kajima Mark 2 advanced
4 17/12/1986 250,000,000[8] Hitachi Hitachi Shimizu
Takenaka Corporation|Takenaka 		Mark 2 advanced

Electrical connections

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The Fukushima Daini plant is connected to the rest of the power grid by the Tomioka Line (富岡線) to the Shin-Fukushima (New Fukushima) substation.[9]

Events

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1989 incident

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In January 1989, an impeller blade on one of the reactor coolant pumps in Unit 3 broke at a weld, causing a large amount of metal debris to flow throughout the primary loop. As a result, the reactor was shut down for a considerably long time.[citation needed]

2011 earthquake and tsunami

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The March 11, 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Tōhoku earthquake resulted in maximum horizontal ground accelerations of 0.21 g (2.10 m/s2) to 0.28 (2.77 m/s2) at the plant site, which is well below the design basis. [6][10] All four units were Scram|automatically shut down immediately after the earthquake, according to Nuclear Engineering International,[2] and the diesel engines were started to power the reactor cooling.[11] TEPCO estimated that the tsunami that followed the earthquake and inundated the plant was 14 meters high which is more than twice the designed height.[6] This flooded the pump rooms used for the essential service water system transferring heat to the sea, the ultimate heat sink of the reactors.[11] While the cooling system for unit 3 was undamaged, the other reactors were affected. The cooling systems remained operational, but heated up due to the lack of a heat sink. The high pressure coolant injection (HPCI) system (powered by reactor steam) was used as additional cooling.[11] On March 12, the Nuclear reactor technology|cooling system for three reactors (numbers 1, 2 and 4) at the torus had topped 100 °C between 05:30 and 06:10 Japan Standard Time|JST,[12][13][14] rendering all cooling systems (depending on temperature difference between the torus and the reactor) ineffective.[11]

Image:Fukushima_accidents_overview_map.svg|thumb|328px|Fukushima I and II Nuclear Accidents Overview Map showing evacuation and other zone progression and selected radiation levels.

The coolant systems in the pump room were repaired and activated in Units 1, 2 and 4 in the days following the emergency shutdown after cooling could recommence[12] Coolant temperatures below 100 °C (cold shutdown) were reached in reactor 2 about 34 hours after the emergency shut down (SCRAM).[12] Reactors 1 and 3 followed at 1:24 and 3:52 on March 14 and Reactor 4 at 7:00 on March 15.[15] The loss of cooling water at reactors 1, 2 and 4 was classified a level 3 on the International Nuclear Event Scale (serious incident) by Japanese authorities as of March 18.[16][17][18]

Officials made preparations for release of pressure from the plant on March 12.[19][20] As of March 20, however, no pressure release had been reported.[12][21]

An evacuation order was issued to people living within {{|3|km}} of the plant,[22] subsequently expanded to {{|10|km|abbr=on}}.[23] [24]

Air traffic was restricted in a {{|10|km|abbr=on}} radius around the plant, according to a NOTAM.[25] These zone were superseded by the 20 km evacuation and 30 km no-fly zones around Fukushima I on March 12 and 15, respectively.[citation needed]

TEPCO announced that a worker who had been seriously injured by the earthquake, and trapped in the crane operating console of the exhaust stack was transported to the ground at 5:13 p.m. and confirmed dead at 5:17 p.m.[23][26][27][28][29]

Smoke was escaping from one of the buildings on 30 March 2011. It was emitted from equipment which supplies electrical power to a motor pump that collects outdoor water and stopped after workers disconnected the motor.[30]


By March 15th, all four reactors of Fukushima II reached cold shutdown which remained non-threatening through April.[31]

References

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  1. ↑ Text and answers to the Fukushima II plant quiz. Page 8.
  2. ↑ a b "Japan initiates emergency protocol after earthquake". Nuclear Engineering International. March 11, 2011. http://www.neimagazine.com/story.asp?sectioncode=132&storyCode=2059127. Retrieved March 11, 2011. 
  3. ↑ "Fukushima II Nuclear Power Plant to Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant". google. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  4. ↑ "Reactors in operation". IAEA. December 31, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
  5. ↑ a b "Nuclear Reactor Maps: Fukushima-Daini". Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  6. ↑ a b c "Fukushima faced 14-metre tsunami". World Nuclear News. March 24, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
  7. ↑ http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/f2-np/intro/outline/outline-j.html
  8. ↑ "原発の発電コスト". Nuketext.org. October 28, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
  9. ↑ Tepco Annual Report 2003. Page 24. (Japanese).
  10. ↑ "The record of the earthquake intensity observed at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Station (Interim Report)". TEPCO. 1 April 2011.
  11. ↑ a b c d "Insight to Fukushima engineering challenges". World Nuclear News. March 18, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  12. ↑ a b c d Cold shutdowns at Fukushima Daini, World Nuclear News, 2011, retrieved March 14, 2011 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |day= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ reports for reactor 1, reactor 2, and reactor 4 of Tokyo Electric, received 11:50 JST
  14. ↑ Winter, Michael "Cooling system fails at 3 reactors at another Japanese nuclear plant" USA Today, March 11, 2011, 6:01 EST.
  15. ↑ "All Fukushima No.2 plant reactors safely halted". Tuesday, March 15, 2011 11:58 +0900 (JST). Retrieved March 15, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ↑ "IAEA Update on Japan Earthquake". Retrieved March 16, 2011. Japanese authorities have assessed that the loss of cooling functions in the reactor Units 1, 2 and 4 of the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant has also been rated as 3. All reactor Units at Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant are now in a cold shut down condition..
  17. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/t/flash-japan-nuclear-safet_2_48671013055111168.html
  18. ↑ Template:Cite pressrelease
  19. ↑ "RPT-TEPCO releasing pressure at one Fukushima reactor". Reuters. March 11, 2011.
  20. ↑ World Nuclear News (March 12, 2011). "Battle to stabilise earthquake reactors". World Nuclear News. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Battle_to_stabilise_earthquake_reactors_1203111.html. Retrieved March 12, 2011. 
  21. ↑ "Press release 11". TEPCO. March 13, 2011.
  22. ↑ "Battle to stabilise earthquake reactors, update 2". World Nuclear News. March 12, 2010.
  23. ↑ a b "IAEA update on Japan Earthquake". March 12, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
  24. ↑ http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/30_42.html Smoke from Fukushima Daini nuclear plant
  25. ↑ "Pilot inion for Sendai Airport". March 12, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
  26. ↑ TEPCO (March 12, 2011). "Press Releases". TEPCO. http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/press/corp-com/release/11031233-e.html. Retrieved March 12, 2011. :"We sincerely pray for the repose of his soul."
  27. ↑ asahi.com (March 12, 2011). "福島第二原発で作業員１人死亡 第一では２人が不明". http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0312/TKY201103120197.html. Retrieved March 20, 2011. 
  28. ↑ The Sankei News (March 12, 2011). "東電、協力会社社員３人死亡　２人不明 福島と茨城". http://sankei.jp.msn.com/region/news/110312/fks11031209070025-n1.htm. Retrieved March 20, 2011. 
  29. ↑ ANN News (March 12, 2011). "【地震】第二原発　閉じ込められた従業員は死亡". http://news.tv-asahi.co.jp/ann/news/web/html/210312201.html. Retrieved March 20, 2011. 
  30. ↑ http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/30_42.html Smoke from Fukushima Daini nuclear plant
  31. ↑ "3 Week Update on Japan's Nuclear Crisis". April 2, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
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