Wikijunior:Dinosaurs/Tyrannosaurus

T. rex with feathers in Stockholm.

Tyrannosaurus, "tyrant lizard", or "Tyrannosaurus rex (Tyrant lizard king)", T. rex for short, was a dinosaur that lived in North America about 68 to 66 million years ago, during the end of the Cretaceous period. T. rex is one of the largest carnivorous (meat-eating) dinosaurs ever discovered. It is also quite likely the best-known dinosaur of all.

What was their body shape?

Dinosaurs

Tyrannosaurus Rex Stegosaurus Allosaurus Apatosaurus Pterosaurs Triceratops Plesiosaur Ichthyosaur Pachycephalosaurus Velociraptor Herrerasaurus Ankylosaurus Iguanodon Brontosaurus

T. rex skeleton from the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History

Tyrannosaurus rex was up to 12.4 meters (40.7 feet) long and 3.66 meters (12 feet) tall, and weighed 10 tons (11.03 US tons) – bigger than a bus, and as heavy as two African bush elephant. That's as an adult. T. rex when first hatched was probably about the size of a turkey. T. rex had a forward tilt, deep jaws, huge teeth, a long tail, and tiny arms (also known as forelimbs).

T. rex's jaw alone was about 1.3 meters long and had fifty to sixty bone-crunching teeth that were up to 10 centimeters or 6 inches long. Its arms were very stubby, no longer than an average person's. They were still very strong, able to lift up to two hundred kilograms, but were not long enough to touch each other! T. rex stood on two powerful hind legs, each ending with a three-toed foot, resembling a bird's foot, only much larger.

What did they eat?

T. rex skull from the Palais de la Découverte in Paris

T. rex was a very big meat-eating dinosaur, also called a carnivore. It would have been at the top of the food chain. It is known to have fed on other large dinosaurs, such as Edmontosaurus, Anatosaurus, and Triceratops, and probably could have swallowed smaller dinosaurs in a single bite.

One scientist believes that T. rex was a scavenger (an animal that eats already dead animals). He argues that it might not have been fast enough to catch prey. Other scientists believe that T. rex probably scavenged and hunted, like most living meat-eaters (such as tigers and lions). T. rex bite marks found on the bones of Edmontosaurus and Triceratops that have healed show that Tyrannosaurus did hunt at least some of the time – and also that its prey was sometimes lucky enough to escape.

One thing that T. rex did not eat was people. People didn't appear on Earth until over 60 million years later, much too late for anyone ever to be afraid of being hunted down by a T. rex.

When did they live?

Tyrannosaurus lived about 68 to 66 million years ago, in the late Cretaceous Period. T. rex was among the last of the big dinosaurs. Like all non-bird dinosaurs, T. rex lived in the Mesozoic era.

What was their habitat?

Tyrannosaurus is believed to have lived in forests, near rivers, and in areas that were open and full of prey. Mild seasons would have been most favorable to it. Tyrannosaurus fossils have been found in western North America and possibly Asia.

T. rex footprint at a museum

How were they discovered?

The famous fossil hunter Barnum Brown found the first Tyrannosaurus fossil in 1905. Tyrannosaurus was not the dinosaur's name until 1905, when it was given that name by Henry Fairfield Osborn. About 3,000 Tyrannosaurus fossils have been found, from pieces of teeth to nearly complete skeletons. Only one possible Tyrannosaurus footprint has been found.

What do we need to learn?

• The color of their skin. One thing we cannot tell from fossils is color!
• Whether T. rex was feathered, scaly, or both. Some of its cousins had feathers like birds, while others had scales, so it likely had both.
• Whether T. rex was just a scavenger or a scavenger and a hunter. There are very few hunting animals that will not scavenge, and very few scavengers which never hunt.
• If T. rex had the ability to run.
• Was it really the largest predator? In 1995, parts of a predator that seems even larger than T. rex were found in Argentina! It was called Giganotosaurus and was about 45 ft long (about a meter [yard] longer than T. rex). Since then, parts of even larger carnivorous dinosaurs, such as Spinosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus, have been found.