Wikijunior:Particles/Particle model

Before we begin on particle models, let us recall a few points from the previous chapters.

• Matter is made of particles.
• Particles are always moving.
• Particles usually move from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration.

Here is one more point that we have not discussed before, but is equally important:

Heat makes particles move more vigorously.

Now that these points are learnt, there are a lot of things we can explain with the particle model. But what exactly is a particle model? A particle model is basically a model which shows particles in action. You cannot find them in real life as they cannot be seen with microscopes. They can be 3-D models or 2-D ones. They can be used to explain a lot of things, such as the three states of matter, density, and thermal expansion and contraction.

The three basic states of matter

Why do they look like that?

Do you still remember that we learnt about the three basic states of matter earlier? We can explain the three states of matter with the particle model. You will find out why matter is compressible, and why its shape is more stable as a solid.

Gas pressure

Gas is compressible; however, when compressed, the gas pressure will be different. This chapter will be all about gas and air pressure. Make sure you have read the previous chapter before proceeding to this one.

Density

Density is how much of matter there is in a fixed volume. Reading this chapter does not require much previous knowledge aside from those discussed in the 'Matter' and 'Particle theory' chapters.

Thermal expansion and contraction

As you know, hotter things grow and smaller things shrink. These are called thermal expansion and contraction. But why exactly do they happen? Can they be applied in daily life?

Quiz

Which of the following can be easily explained by the particle model, in your opinion?

1. The water cycle
2. Photosynthesis (the process in which plants make food)
3. Comparison of density before and after dissolving
4. Magnetic fields
5. The movement of particles under different temperatures
6. The respiratory system (the system by which you breathe)

Answer:
3 and 5.