Wikijunior:North America/United States/California

Location of California

California is the most populous U.S. state. Its four largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, and San Francisco. It is known for its varied climate and geography as well as its diverse population. It is bordered to the north by Oregon, to the south by the Mexican state of Baja California, to the northeast by Nevada, to the southeast by Arizona, and to the west by the Pacific Ocean

The Flag of California

History

The area known as Alta California was colonized by the Spanish Empire beginning in the late 18th century. It and the rest of Mexico became an independent republic in 1821. In 1846 California broke away from Mexico, and after the Mexican-American War, Mexico gave California to the United States. California became the 31st state admitted to the United States on September 9, 1850.

Geography

California borders the Pacific Ocean, Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, and the Mexican state of Baja California. With an area of 160,000 square miles (414,000 km2) it is the third largest state in the United States in size, after Alaska and Texas.

In the middle of the state lies the California Central Valley, bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. The Central Valley is California's agricultural heartland and grows approximately one-third of the nation's food.

California is famous for earthquakes due to a number of fault lines present in the state, in particular the San Andreas Fault. It is vulnerable to tsunamis, floods, droughts, Santa Ana winds, wildfires, and landslides on steep terrain, and has several inactive volcanoes.

State Symbols

• The State Bird is the California Quail
• The State Fish is the Golden Trout
• The State Flower is the California Poppy
• The State Insect is the California Dogface Butterfly
• The State Reptile is the Desert Tortoise
• The State Tree is the California Redwood