Welsh/Sylfaen/Gwers 1

Y Presennol

Pronoun	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Yes	No
Fi	Dw i	Dw i ddim	Ydw i?	Ydw (I am. I do)	Nac ydw (I am not. I don't)
Ti	Rwyt ti	Dwyt ti ddim	Wyt ti?	Wyt (You are. You do)	Nac wyt (You aren't. You don't.)
Fe	Mae e	Dyw e ddim	Ydy e?	Ydy (He is. He does)	Nac ydy (He isn't. He doesn't.)
Hi	Mae hi	Dyw hi ddim	Ydy hi?	Ydy (She is. She does)	Nac ydy (She isn't. She doesn't.)
Ni	Dyn ni	Ddyn ni ddim	Ydyn ni?	Ydyn (We are. We do)	Nac ydyn (We aren't. We don't)
Chi	Dych chi	Dych chi ddim	Ydych chi?	Ydych (You are. You do)	Nac ydych (You aren't. You don't.)
Nhw	Maen nhw	Dyn nhw ddim	Ydyn nhw?	Ydyn (They are. They do)	Nac ydyn (They aren't. They don't)

• Use the linking particle yn to connect verb-nouns.
• Questions in Welsh are always answered with the appropriate form of the verb (I do, He does, etc.).

Treigladau

Radical (Original)	Soft Mutation (ei ... e - his)	Nasal Mutation (fy ... i - my)	Aspirate Mutation (ei ... hi - her)
C Cath (cat)	Ei gath e	Fy nghath i	Ei chath hi
P Pen (head)	Ei ben e	Fy mhen i	Ei phen hi
T Tad (father)	Ei dad e	Fy nhad i	Ei thad hi
B Bachgen (boy)	Ei fachgen e	Fy machgen i
D Dant (tooth)	Ei ddant e	Fy nant i
G Gardd (garden)	Ei ardd e	Fy ngardd i
Ll Llaw (hand)	Ei law e
M Mam (mother)	Ei fam e
Rh Rhaglen (programme)	Ei raglen e

Uses of the Soft Mutation (encountered so far):

• Feminine nouns (singular) after the definite article Y/yr/'r
• The number two (dau/dwy)
• The word his, as shown above (ei .... e)
• Certain prepositions:
  • I (to)
  • O (from)

Uses of the Nasal Mutation (encountered so far):

• After 'yn' (in)
• After 'fy' (my), as shown above

Uses of the Aspirate Mutation (encountered so far):

• After 'a' (and)
• After 'ei' (her), as shown above

Y Gorffenol

Y Gorffenol (Mynd, Dod, Gwneud, Cael)

Pronoun	Mynd	Dod	Gwneud	Cael
Fi	Es i	Des i	Gwnes i	Ces i
Ti	Est ti	Dest ti	Gwnest ti	Cest ti
Fe	Aeth e	Daeth e	Gwnaeth e	Cafodd e
Ni	Aethon ni	Daethon ni	Gwnaethon ni	Cawson ni
Chi	Aethoch chi	Daethoch chi	Gwnaethoch chi	Cawsoch chi
Nhw	Aethon nhw	Daethon nhw	Gwnaethon ni	Cawson nhw

• The 'yes' and 'no' responses for any past tense question are Do and Naddo.

Y Dyfodol

Pronoun	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Yes	No
Fi	Bydda i	Fydda i ddim	Fydda i?	Bydda (I will)	Na fydda (I won't)
Ti	Byddi di	Fyddi di ddim	Fyddi di?	Byddi (You will)	Na fyddi (You won't)
Fe	Bydd e	Fydd e ddim	Fydd e?	Bydd (He will)	Na fydd (He won't)
Ni	Byddwn ni	Fyddwn ni ddim	Fyddwn ni?	Byddwn (We will)	Na fyddwn (We won't)
Chi	Byddwch chi	Fyddwch chi ddim	Fyddwch chi?	Byddwch (You will)	Na fyddwch (You won't)
Nhw	Byddan nhw	Fyddan nhw ddim	Fyddan nhw?	Byddan (They will)	Na fyddan (They won't)