Consider light travelling from the origin, along any any axis . This light will have traveled a distance,

Substituting in (Equation 4a and 4b),

(equation 5a)
(equation 5a)

gives

Multiplying each sides of these equations gives,

Light traveling out in any directions edit

Consider light travelling from the origin, in any direction f. This light will have traveled a distance,

 
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Substituting in (Equation 4a and 4b),

  (equation 5a)
  (equation 5a)

gives

 
 

where,

 

Multiplying each sides of these equations gives,

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Setting   gives,

 

Setting   gives,

 
  ???? not correct ????