User:Recent Runes/Pronunciation
Analysis of Pronunciation points
editSounds |
Easy sound and easy spelling |
Easy sound and hard spelling |
Foreign sound and regular spelling |
Foreign sound and irregular spelling |
Hard sound and regular spelling |
Hard sound and irregular spelling |
/f/ |
f, ff, ph |
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/g/ |
g (+ a, o, u), gu |
c |
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/gz/ |
x |
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/k/ |
k, c, cc |
qu, ch |
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/ks/ |
x, cc |
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/m/ |
m, mm |
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/v/ |
v |
f |
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/S/ |
ch, che, sch |
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/Z/ |
g (+ e, i, y), j, ge |
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/d/ |
d |
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/l/ |
l, ll |
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/n/ |
n, nn |
-n |
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/s/ |
s, ss, sc, c, ce |
ç, tion -> /sj%/, x, t |
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/t/ |
t, -te |
d, pt, -t, th |
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/(t)/ |
-t |
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/z/ |
z, ze, s, se |
x, sion -> /zj%/ |
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/b/ |
b |
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/p/ |
p |
bt -> /pt/ |
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silence |
c, d, g, h, l, p, s, t, x, f, z |
-r |
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/'/ |
h |
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/H/ |
u (+ i, e, y, a, é) |
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/J/ |
gn |
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/R/ |
r, rr, re |
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Sounds |
Easy sound and easy spelling |
Easy sound and hard spelling |
Foreign sound and regular spelling |
Foreign sound and irregular spelling |
Hard sound and regular spelling |
Hard sound and irregular spelling |
/a/ |
a, à |
ai, e |
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/A/ |
â |
a, as |
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/&/ |
am, an, em, en- |
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/@/ |
e, on |
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/(@)/ |
e |
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/e/ |
é, -er, ez, eff-, -es |
e, -et, ai, ê, ei, aî, err, ess, ay |
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/E/ |
e, è, ê, ei, -et, ai |
é, aî, ay, ea |
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/Ej/ |
ay, eil |
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/En/ |
aine |
aîn |
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/Et/ |
-ette |
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/ER/ |
er, err, ère, aire |
-er |
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/£/ |
ain, -en, ein, im, in |
ym, yn, en- |
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/9/ |
eu, heu |
oeu, uei | ||||
/9R/ |
eur |
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/*/ |
un | |||||
/2/ |
eu |
eu, oeu, ue | ||||
/2z/ |
euse |
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elided |
e |
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/i/ |
i, y |
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/in/ |
in* (*=vowel) |
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/j*/ |
i*, y* (*=vowel) |
l, ll, il, ille |
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/ije/ |
ié, ier |
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/O/ |
o |
au |
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/o/ |
au, eau, ô |
o, o* (*=silent) |
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/%/ |
om, on |
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/u/ |
ou* (*=cons), oo, où, oû |
oui |
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/w*/ |
ou* (*=vowel) |
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/wa/ |
oi, oî |
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/waj/ |
oy |
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/w£/ |
oin |
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/wA/ |
oi |
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/y/ |
u, ue |
û, eû, eu |
Rules
Rule |
Text |
IPA |
Count |
Level | |
A01 a |
a |
a |
447 |
0.01 | |
A02 a |
à |
a |
10 |
0.01 | |
A03 b |
ai |
a |
7 |
clashes with E37 (gives E) |
4.01 |
A04 b |
e |
a |
1 |
4.01 | |
A05 ? |
aô |
ai |
0 |
? | |
A10 b |
a |
A |
22 |
may clash with E37 in "ail(le)" -> "Aj"? |
4.02 |
A11 a |
â |
A |
11 |
0.12 | |
A12 b |
as |
A |
5 |
4.02 | |
A20 c |
am |
& |
9 |
not final or before m, n or h. |
2.01 |
A21 c |
an |
& |
120 |
not final or before n or h. |
2.01 |
A25 c |
em |
& |
20 |
see also R01 |
2.02 |
A26 c |
en |
& |
178 |
see R01. [ 'enn*' -> /&n*/ is special case] |
2.02 |
C00 a |
c |
/ |
4 |
usually preceded by 'n' or silent '*ct' ? |
0.00 |
D00 a |
d |
/ |
24 |
0.00 | |
E00 a |
e |
/ |
200 |
final after silent vowel or in silent '*es'. |
0.00 |
E01 b |
e |
@ |
42 |
short words & 2nd last vowel sound |
3.01 |
E02 b |
e |
(@) |
40 |
generally difficult to predict |
3.02 |
E03 b |
on |
@ |
1 |
odd (monsieur) |
4.33 |
E04 b |
de |
d@ |
11 |
can override E24 |
3.01 |
E05 b |
de |
d(@) |
14 |
3.02 | |
E06 b |
re |
r@ |
22 |
3.01 | |
E07 b |
re |
r(@) |
37 |
can override E24, (@) is difficult |
3.02 |
E08 b |
que |
k@ |
6 |
3.01 | |
E09 b |
que |
k(@) |
5 |
3.02 | |
E10 b |
e |
e |
10 |
clash with E01, E30 |
4.03 |
E11 a |
é |
e |
312 |
0.11 | |
E12 a |
er |
e/ |
332 |
0.11 | |
E13 a |
es |
e/ |
3 |
can be silent in verb endings for "tu" |
0.11 |
E14 b |
et |
e/ |
1 |
(only "et") clash with E36 |
4.03 |
E15 a |
ez |
e/ |
3 |
common verb ending for "vous" |
0.11 |
E16 b |
ai |
e |
10 |
clash with E37 (mostly verb infinitives) |
4.04 |
E17 b |
ê |
e |
7 |
clash with E32 (always verb infinitives) |
4.03 |
E18 b |
ei |
e |
5 |
clash with E35 (always verb infinitives) |
4.03 |
E19 b K01 |
esqu |
ek |
1 |
only in lesqu- (would otherwise be Esk) |
4.03 |
E20 b I11 |
ay |
ei |
2 |
4.04 | |
E21 b |
aîn |
en |
1 |
clash with E42 / enchaîner |
4.04 |
E22 b |
aît |
et |
2 |
maîtrise, maîtriser |
4.04 |
E23 b |
err |
eR |
4 |
unlike English & clash with E51 |
4.03 |
E24 b S03 |
ess |
es |
15 |
unlike English and may be overridden by E04, E05 or E07 if first vowel or E30 if at end of word |
4.03 |
E25 b |
eff |
ef |
5 |
unlike English but always true for the start of a word. "eff" only appears at start of word anyway! |
3.09 |
E30 a |
e |
E |
132 |
often followed by 2 consonants |
0.12 |
E31 a |
è |
E |
22 |
0.12 | |
E32 a |
ê |
E |
16 |
E17 clashes but E32 is more common |
0.12 |
E33 b |
é |
E |
2 |
clashes with E11 |
4.05 |
E35 a |
ei |
E |
7 |
E18 clashes and "ein" can give "£" |
0.12 |
E36 a |
et |
E/ |
7 |
E14 clashes, but E36 is more common |
0.12 |
E37 a |
ai |
E |
27 |
A03, A10 & E16 clash but E37 is more common, and consistent with E43, E53 & E54. E61 can nasalize it. |
0.12 |
E38 b |
ea |
E |
1 |
English words |
5.01 |
E39 b |
aî |
E |
3 |
0.12 | |
E40 b [J06] |
ay |
Ej |
3 |
difficult |
4.05 |
E41 a [J04] |
eil |
Ej/ |
5 |
J04 is difficult part |
1.20 |
E42 b |
aîn |
En |
4 |
difficult (no nasalisation) |
4.06 |
E43 a |
aine |
En |
7 |
includes E37 |
0.12 |
E44 a |
ette |
Et/ |
9 |
0.12 | |
E50 a R01 |
er |
ER |
50 |
always precedes a consonant |
0.22 |
E51 a R02 |
err |
ER |
4 |
E23 clashes |
0.22 |
E52 a R03 |
ère |
ER |
15 |
moderate |
0.22 |
E54 a R03 |
aire |
ER |
18 |
easy (includes E37) |
0.22 |
E56 b R01 |
er |
ER/ |
6 |
clashes with E12 (short or English words) |
4.06 |
E57 a R02 |
err |
ER/ |
0 |
0.22 | |
E60 c |
aim |
£ |
0 |
faim |
2.03 |
E61 c |
ain |
£ |
23 |
2.03 | |
E62 d |
en |
£ |
2 |
clashes with A26 |
4.07 |
E63 c |
en |
£/ |
17 |
final |
2.03 |
E64 c |
ein |
£ |
4 |
2.03 | |
E66 c |
im |
£ |
8 |
2.03 | |
E67 c |
in |
£ |
56 |
Often combined with W20 in "oin". |
2.03 |
E68 c |
ym |
£ |
1 |
2.03 | |
E69 c |
yn |
£ |
1 |
2.03 | |
E70 e |
eu |
9 |
9 |
not as final sound or followed by /z/ |
3.03 |
H00 E71 e |
heu |
9 |
5 |
includes E70, always in "heur". |
3.03 |
E72 f |
oeu |
9 |
2 |
hard spelling |
4.08 |
E73 e R01 |
eur |
9R |
41 |
includes E70 |
3.03 |
E74 f |
uei |
9 |
1 |
hard spelling & pronunciation |
4.08 |
E80 e |
um |
* |
0 |
3.06 | |
E81 e |
un |
* |
10 |
only words containing the word "un"! |
3.06 |
E82 f |
eu |
2 |
4 |
clashes with E70. Combines with J16. |
4.10 |
E83 e |
eu |
2/ |
9 |
final /2/ sound so no clash with E70 |
3.04 |
E84 e Z05 |
euse |
2z |
24 |
/z/ follows /2/ so no clash with E70 |
3.04 |
E83 e X00 |
eux |
2/ |
15 |
Combines with H07. |
3.04 |
E83 e E00 |
eue |
2/ |
2 |
final /2/ sound so no clash with E70 |
3.04 |
E87 f |
oeu |
2 |
0 |
rare (oeufs) |
4.10 |
E88 f |
ue |
2 |
0 |
possible clash with H02 or H05 |
4.10 |
E90 b |
e |
7 |
Elided vowel - difficult. also see M01 |
4.11 | |
F01 a |
ph |
f |
5 |
0.00 | |
G00 a |
g |
/ |
4 |
see also O21 (always after 'n') |
0.00 |
G01 a |
gu |
g |
9 |
to give a hard /g/ sound before 'e' or 'i'. |
1.05 |
G02 b |
c |
g |
1 |
'second' |
4.31 |
G10 b Z08a |
x |
gz |
4 |
only before vowels |
1.26 |
H00 a |
h |
silent |
28 |
0.00 | |
H10 b |
h |
' |
10 |
"aspirated h" prevents liaison |
1.24 |
H01 c I01 |
ui |
Hi |
25 |
only applies if no preceding vowel or letter 'q' or 'g' which would absorb the 'u'. |
1.11 |
H02 c E12 |
uer |
He/ |
5 |
same conditions as H01 |
1.11 |
H03 c I05 J06 |
uy |
Hij |
3 |
1.21 | |
H04 c E11 |
ué |
He |
1 |
same conditions as H01 |
1.11 |
H05 c E30 L10 |
uel |
HEl |
3 |
same conditions as H01 |
1.11 |
H06 c A01 |
ua |
Ha |
2 |
same conditions as H01 or after 'r'. |
1.11 |
H07 c E83 |
ueu |
H2 |
1 |
3.04 | |
I01 a |
i |
i |
359 |
'i' is not followed by a vowel |
0.11 |
I02 a |
î |
i |
0 |
0.11 | |
I05 a |
y |
i |
10 |
combines with H03 |
0.11 |
I07 a J07 E11 |
ié |
ije |
1 |
1.21 | |
I08 a J08 E12 |
ier |
ije |
3 |
1.21 | |
I10 a |
ile |
il/ |
6 |
0.11 | |
I11 a |
yle |
il |
1 |
part of E20 too. (really 'y' -> /i/) |
0.11 |
I15 a |
in |
in |
32 |
"in" is always followed by a vowel |
0.11 |
I16 a |
yn |
in |
0 |
0.11 | |
J01 a |
i |
j |
103 |
'i' is always followed by a vowel |
1.19 |
J02 b |
l |
j |
2 |
hard, only in "*ail" ? |
1.20 |
J03 b |
ll |
j |
19 |
hard, always in "*ill*" |
1.20 |
J04 b |
il |
j/ |
3 |
hard, note "*ile." -> /*il/ (no rule) |
1.20 |
J05 b |
ille |
ij/ |
2 |
hard, some overlap with J03 & J09 |
1.20 |
J06 a |
y |
j |
8 |
'y' is always followed by a vowel |
1.21 |
J07 b |
ié |
ije |
1 |
see I07 |
1.21 |
J08 b |
ier |
ije |
3 |
see I08 |
1.21 |
J09 b |
ille |
j/ |
6 |
"ille" is always preceded by a vowel |
1.20 |
J10 a E10 D00 |
ied |
je/ |
4 |
1.19 | |
J11 a E32 |
llet |
jE/ |
1 |
1.20 | |
J12 a E27 E00 |
ième |
jEm/ |
3 |
1.19 | |
J13 a E26 E00 |
ienne |
jEn/ |
4 |
1.19 | |
J15 a E65 |
ien |
j£ |
15 |
usually final except 'bien*'. |
2.10 |
J20 c |
gn |
J |
17 |
1.12 | |
K01 b |
qu |
k |
79 |
1.02 | |
K02 b |
ch |
k |
1 |
Rare. "ch" is followed by a consonant. |
1.02 |
K10 a |
x |
ks |
10 |
before some vowels or all consonants |
0.00 |
K11 a |
cc |
ks |
2 |
before 'e, i, y' otherwise /k/. |
0.00 |
K12 a |
x |
ks/ |
2 |
like K10 |
0.00 |
L00 b |
l |
/ |
1 |
'l' usually /l/ or /j/. |
4.24 |
L01 a |
l |
l |
255 |
compare with J02 |
0.00 |
L02 a |
ll |
l |
21 |
compare with J03 |
0.00 |
L10 a |
l |
l/ |
27 |
0.00 | |
L11 a E00 |
le |
l/ |
50 |
0.00 | |
L12 a E00 |
lle |
l/ |
15 |
0.00 | |
M01 a A26 T00 |
ment |
m&/ |
17 |
2.02 | |
E90 M02 a A26 T00 |
ement |
m& |
33 |
Silent 'e' is always part of word stem. |
2.02 |
M03 a E00 |
me |
m/ |
19 |
Other 'm' -> /m/'s not labelled. |
0.00 |
M04 a E00 |
mme |
m/ |
7 |
Other 'mm' -> /m/'s not labelled. |
0.00 |
M02 a A26 E11 |
ementé |
m&te |
1 |
Silent 'e' is always part of word stem. |
2.02 |
E90 M01 a E61 |
emain |
m£ |
1 |
lendemain |
4.11 |
N99 b |
ng |
N |
1 |
English pronunciation (pressing) |
5.01 |
N99 b |
n |
n/ |
1 |
English pronunciation (zen) |
5.01 |
N10 a |
ne |
n/ |
19 |
0.00 | |
N11 a |
nne |
n/ |
5 |
0.00 | |
E90 N12 a E44 |
enette |
nEt |
1 |
pichenette |
4.11 |
O01 a |
o |
O |
182 |
0.12 | |
O03 b |
au |
O |
2 |
clashes with O13 |
4.14 |
O05 a M04 |
omm |
Om |
7 |
like O01 + m |
0.12 |
O10 b |
o |
o |
6 |
"oé" & "éo" "oc." + odd hard cases |
4.15 |
O11 b |
o |
o/ |
3 |
3.07 | |
O12 a |
ô |
o |
11 |
0.11 | |
O13 a |
au |
o |
46 |
0.11 | |
O14 a |
eau |
o |
17 |
0.11 | |
O15 T00 |
ot |
o/ |
3 |
3.07 | |
O15 S00 |
os |
o/ |
8 |
3.07 | |
O15 P00 |
op |
o/ |
2 |
3.07 | |
O18 Z01 |
os |
oz |
7 |
3.08 | |
O18 Z05 |
ose |
oz |
2 |
3.08 | |
O20 c |
om |
% |
17 |
2.04 | |
O21 c |
on |
% |
134 |
2.04 | |
O22 c P91 |
ompt |
%t |
4 |
2.05 | |
O23 c G91 |
ongt |
%t |
1 |
2.05 | |
P00 a |
p |
/ |
15 |
0.00 | |
P01 b |
bt |
pt |
2 |
4.27 | |
P90 d |
p |
1 |
see T12 |
- | |
R00 b |
r |
/ |
1 |
monsieur |
4.32 |
R01 c |
r |
R |
715 |
Level may be 0.21 to 0.23 |
0.23 |
R02 c |
rr |
R |
24 |
Level may be 0.21 to 0.23 |
0.23 |
R03 c |
re |
R/ |
129 |
Level may be 0.21 to 0.23 |
0.23 |
R01 c E06 |
re |
R@ |
22 |
3.01 | |
R01 c E07 |
re |
R(@) |
37 |
3.02 | |
S00 a |
s |
/ |
94 |
0.00 | |
S01 b |
ç |
s |
10 |
before 'a, o, u'. |
1.06 |
S02 a |
sc |
s |
4 |
before 'e, i, y'. |
0.00 |
S03 a |
ss |
s |
74 |
0.00 | |
S05 b |
s |
s/ |
3 |
clashes with S00 |
4.17 |
S06 a |
ce |
s/ |
28 |
0.00 | |
S07 a |
se |
s/ |
7 |
always preceded by a consonant |
0.00 |
S08 b |
x |
s |
2 |
unusual + clash with K10. six, dix. |
4.18 |
S10 a E12 |
cer |
se/ |
14 |
0.11 | |
S11 a E12 |
ser |
se/ |
8 |
0.11 | |
S20 a J01 A01 |
cia |
sja |
2 |
1.22 | |
S21 a J01 E10 |
cier |
sje |
1 |
1.22 | |
S22 b J01 O21 |
tion |
sj%/ |
30 |
2.06 | |
S23 b J01 O01 |
tion(n) |
sjOn |
3 |
hard; /sj/ is produced as in S22 |
2.07 |
S24 f E88 |
cue |
s2 |
0 |
no examples! |
4.10 |
S25 b J01 E26 |
tie |
sjE |
1 |
hard |
4.25 |
S30 b |
ch |
S |
88 |
1.03 | |
S31 b |
che |
S/ |
15 |
like S30 + E00 |
1.03 |
S32 b |
sch |
S |
1 |
hard: schéma |
1.03 |
T00 a |
t |
- |
176 |
associated with many other rules |
0.00 |
T01 b |
th |
t |
6 |
1.07 | |
T02 b |
d_ |
t |
0 |
in liaison? |
999 |
T03 b |
t_ |
t |
0 |
in liaison? |
999 |
T04 b |
t |
t/ |
0 |
final t not silent, see Y10. |
999 |
T05 a |
te |
t/ |
75 |
0.00 | |
T07 b |
t |
(t) |
2 |
but & (huit drops /t/ before a consonant) |
4.22 |
T10 a S30 |
tch |
tS |
1 |
match |
1.03 |
T11 b S30 |
sh |
(t)S |
1 |
smash |
4.30 |
P90 T12 b |
pt |
t |
1 |
sept |
4.23 |
U01 a |
oo |
u |
1 |
English |
5.01 |
U02 a |
ou |
u |
132 |
0.12 | |
U03 a |
où |
u |
1 |
où |
0.12 |
U04 b |
oui |
u |
4 |
always followed by 'll'. |
4.20 |
U05 a |
oû |
u |
2 |
0.12 | |
V01 b |
w |
v |
0 |
German words? |
5.01 |
V02 b |
f |
v |
1 |
only in liasons (neuf) |
4.26 |
W01 a |
ou |
w |
10 |
before vowels |
1.14 |
W02 b |
w |
w |
0 |
English words? |
5.01 |
W03 b |
wh |
w |
0 |
English words? |
5.01 |
W10 a |
oi |
wa |
66 |
1.15 | |
W11 b |
oy |
waj |
5 |
hard |
1.16 |
W12 b |
oi |
wA |
5 |
clash with W10 |
1.17 |
W13 a |
oî |
wa |
1 |
hard |
1.15 |
W20 a E67 |
oin |
w£ |
15 |
2.09 | |
X00 a |
x |
/ |
29 |
0.00 | |
Y01 e |
u |
y |
137 |
3.05 | |
Y02 e |
û |
y |
4 |
3.05 | |
Y03 e |
ue |
y/ |
11 |
'ue' always at end of word |
3.05 |
Y10 T04 |
eût |
yt/ |
0 |
odd (in être) |
4.21 |
Z00 a |
z |
/ |
0 |
part of E15 |
0.00 |
Z01 a |
s |
z |
55 |
between vowels |
0.00 |
Z02 a |
s_ |
z |
0 |
liaisons? |
? |
Z03 b |
x_ |
z |
1 |
dix |
1.25 |
Z04 a |
z |
z |
5 |
0.00 | |
Z05 a |
se |
z/ |
40 |
0.00 | |
Z06 b |
z |
z/ |
0 |
final 'z' not silent, in some names only? |
4.34 |
Z07 a |
ze |
z/ |
3 |
0.00 | |
(Z08) |
x |
gz |
part of G10 |
- | |
Z10 b J01 O21 |
sion |
zj%/ |
4 |
unlike English |
2.08 |
Z20 b |
g |
Z |
44 |
'g' always followed by 'i', 'y' or 'e' for /Z/, otherwise gives /g/. |
1.04 |
Z21 b |
j |
Z |
34 |
always true |
1.04 |
Z22 b |
ge |
Z |
31 |
1.04 | |
Z22 b O21 |
geon |
Z% |
1 |
2.04 | |
Z23 b A21 T00 |
geant |
Z&/ |
1 |
similar to Z22 |
2.01 |
0.00# Easy rules (C00, D00, E00, F01, G00, H00, K10, K11, K12, L01, L02, L10, L11, L12, M03,
M04,
N10, N11, P00, S00, S02, S03, S06, S07, S10, S11, T00, T05, X00, Z00,
Z01, Z04, Z05, Z07)
0.01#
Essential words needed early in lessons
11
0.11# Easy consonants and vowels /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/ (A01, A02, E11, E12, E13, E15, I01, I02,
I05, I10, I11, I15, O12, O13, O14) 110
0.12# Easy consonants and vowels /A/ /E/ /O/ /u/ (A11, E30, E31, E32, E35, E36, E37, E39,
E43, E44, O01, O05, U02, U03, U05) 52
0.13# Easy consonants and both sets of vowels (rules for 0.11 & 0.12) 59
0.21# Easy consonants + /R/ and vowels /a/ /e/ /i/ /o/
(0.11 rules + R01, R02, R03) 71
0.22#
Easy consonants + /R/ and vowels /A/ /E/ /O/ /u/ (0.12 + E50..E52
+ R01, R02, R03) 51
0.23#
Easy consonants + /R/ and both sets of vowels (rules
for 0.21 & 0.22) 83
1.02#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'qu' or 'ch' -> /k/
(K01, K02) 35
1.03#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'ch', 'che' or 'sch' -> /S/
(S30, S31, S32) 46
1.04#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + /Z/
(Z20, Z21, Z22) 41
1.05#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'gu' -> /g/
(G01) 6
1.06#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'ç' -> /s/
(S01) 13
1.07#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'th' -> /t/
(T01) 2
1.11#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'u' -> /H/
(H01...H07) 22
1.12#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'gn' -> /J/
(J20) 6
1.14#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'ou' -> /w/
(W01) 6
1.15#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'oi' or 'oî'
-> /wa/ (W10, W13) 47
1.16#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'oy' -> /waj/
(W11) 3
1.17#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'oi' -> /wA/
(W12) 4
1.19#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'i' -> /j/
(J01, J10, J12, J13) 33
1.20#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'l' or 'll' -> /j/
(J02...J05, J09, J11) 10
1.21#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'y' -> /j/ + 'ié' or 'ier' -> /ije/ (I07, I08, J06, J07, J08)
8
1.22#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'cia' -> /sja/ or 'cier' ->
/sje/ (S20, S21) 2
1.24#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'h' -> /'/ (aspirated h)
(H10) 5
1.25#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'x' -> /z/
(Z03) 1
1.26#
Easy vowels and easy consonants + 'x' -> /gz/
(G10, Z08) 1
2.01#
Easy vowels and all consonants + 'am' or 'an' -> /&/ (nasal) (A20, A21) 82 2.02# The above + 'em' or 'en' -> /&/ (nasal)
(A25, A26) 119
2.03#
The above + 'aim','ain','ein','im','in', 'ym' or 'yn' -> /£/
(E60 E61 E64 E66 E67 E68 E69) 60
2.04#
The above + 'om' or 'on' -> /%/ (nasal)
(O20, O21) 90
2.05#
The above + 'p' or 'g' elided after 'om' or 'on'
(O22, O23, G91, P91) 5
2.06#
The above + 'tion' -> /sj%/ (S22)
21
2.07#
The above + 'tion(n)' -> /sjOn/ (S23)
1
2.08#
The above + 'sion' -> /zj%/ (Z10)
3
2.09#
The above + 'oin' -> /w£/ (nasal) (W20)
12
2.10#
The above + 'ien' -> /j£/ (J15, E63)
15
3.01#
Easy vowels and all consonants + nasal vowels + @
(E01, E04, E06, E08) 43
3.02#
Easy vowels and all consonants + nasal vowels + @ + (@)
(E02, E05, E07, E09) 84
3.03#
The above + 'eu' -> /9/ (not final)
(E70, E71, E73) 40
3.04#
The above + 'eu' -> /-2/ (final) or 'eus' -> /2z/
(E83, E84) 27
3.05#
The above + 'u', 'û' or 'ue' -> /y/
(Y01, Y02, Y03) 125
3.06#
The above + 'um' or 'un' -> /*/
(E80, E81) 9
3.07#
The above + final 'o', 'op', 'os', 'ot' -> /o/ (final)
(O11, O15) 10
3.08#
The above + 'os' or 'ose' -> /oz/ (O18)
9
3.09#
The above + 'eff-' -> /ef/ (initial)
(E25) 5
4.01#
Irregular spelling 'ai' or 'e' -> /a/
(A03, A04) 7
4.02#
Irregular spelling 'a' or 'as' -> /A/
(A10, A12) 25
4.03#
Irregular spelling 'e', '-et', 'ê', 'ei', 'err', 'ess'
-> /e/ (E10, E14, E17, E18, E19, E23, E24) 42
4.04#
Irregular spelling 'ai', 'aî', 'ay' -> /e/
(E16, E20, E21, E22) 15
4.05#
Irregular spelling 'é', 'ay' -> /E/
(E33, E40) 5
4.06#
Irregular spellings 'aîn' -> /En/, '-er' -> /ER/ (E42, E56)
10
4.07#
Irregular spellings 'en-' -> /£/
(E63) 2
4.08#
Irregular spellings 'oeu', 'uei' -> /9/
(E72, E74) 3
4.10#
Irregular spellings 'eu', 'oeu', 'ue' -> /2/
(E82, E87, E88) 3
4.11#
Irregular spellings 'e' -> // (elided inside word)
(E90) 9
4.14#
Irregular spellings 'au' -> /O/ (O03)
2
4.15#
Irregular spellings 'o' -> /o/ (O10)
6
4.17#
Irregular spelling '-s' -> /s/ (final 's' not silent)
(S05) 3
4.18#
Irregular spelling '-x' -> /s/ (S08)
2
4.20#
Irregular spellings 'oui' -> /u/ (U04)
4
4.21#
Irregular spellings 'eû', 'eu' -> /y/ (Y04, Y10)
0
4.22#
Irregular spellings 't' -> (t) (T07)
2
4.23#
Irregular spellings 'p' -> // (elided)
(P90) 5
4.24#
Irregular spellings '-l' -> // (silent at end of word)
(L00) 1
4.25#
Irregular spellings 'tiel' -> /sjEl/ (S25)
1
4.26#
Irregular spellings 'f' -> /v/ (V02)
1
4.27#
Irregular spellings 'b' -> /p/ (P01)
2
4.30#
Irregular spellings 'sh' -> /(t)S/
(T11) 1
4.31#
Irregular spellings 'c' -> /g/ (G02)
1
4.32#
Irregular spellings '-eur' -> /2/
(R00) 1
4.33#
Irregular spellings 'on' -> /@/
(E03) 1
4.34#
Irregular spellings '-z' -> /-z/ (final 'z' not silent)
(Z06) 0
5.01#
Foreign words
(E38, U01, N99, V01) 2
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